Kinetic, Isotherm, and Thermodynamic Study of Bismarck Brown Dye Adsorption onto Graphene Oxide and Graphene Oxide-Grafted-Poly (n-butyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic Acid)

تم دراسة سلوك إمتزاز صبغة بسمارك البنية BB من المحاليل المائية على أوكسيد الكرافين GO وأكسيد الجرافين–مطعم-بولي(ن-بيوتيل ميثاكريلات-مشترك-حامض ميثاكريليك) GO-g-pBCM المحضرين. تم تشخيص الممتزات المحضرة بمطيافية الأشعة تحت الحمراء FTIR التي أكدت صحة التراكيب الممتزات المحضرة. تم دراسة أمتزاز الصبغة بصيغتي لانكمير وفرندليش على أوكسيد الكرافين وأكسيد الجرافين –مطعم-بولي (ن-بيوتيل ميثاكريلات-مشترك- حامض ميثاكريليك) في سلسلة من التجارب بنظام الوجبة وتحت ظروف مختلفة. واعتُبر نموذج لانگماير معقولاً على نحو متزايد من المعلومات التجريبية لإمتزاز الصبغة. وكشفت الدراسة الحركية أن نموذج النظام الثاني الكاذب أظهر أفضل ملائمة للبيانات التجريبية، وأن المعاملات الحرارية تعني أن عملية الامتزاز كانت تلقائية ومن النوع الماص للحرارة.The adsorption behavior of Bismarck brown (BB) dye from aqueous solutions onto graphene oxide GO and graphene oxide-g-poly (n-butyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) GO-g-pBCM as adsorbents was investigated. The prepared GO and GO-g-pBCM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR, which confirmed the compositions of the prepared adsorbents. Adsorption of BB dye onto GO and GO-g-pBCM was explored in a series of batch experiments under various conditions. The data were examined utilizing Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The Langmuir isotherm was seen as increasingly reasonable from the experimental information of dye on formulating adsorbents. Kinetic investigations showed that the experimental data were fitted very well to the pseudo-second-order model, and the calculated positive values of the (∆H° and ∆S°) indicated that the adsorption of BB dye onto GO and GO-g-pBCM was endothermic and increasing of the adsorption process randomness. The negative values of (∆G°) imply that the adsorption process was spontaneous

Use of sequential extraction methods to evaluate the environmental impact of trace metal in the Iraqi coastlines

The geochemical distribution of several trace metals (lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), chrome (Cr), cobalt (Co) and iron (Fe)) was investigated using five sequential extraction procedures to provide information on their distribution and environmental impacts on the Iraqi coastal sediments. Sediment samples were collected from 16 sites along the coast to determine the concentrations of the above metals. The concentration and ratios of these metals were estimated in the sediment extract (concentration on the exchange surfaces, carbonates, manganese oxides and iron oxides, organic matter and those associated with the remainder) using extraction methods (magnesium chloride, 1 molar of sodium acetate, 0.5 molar of hydroxylamine hydrochloride, 0.2 molar of ammonium oxalate, concentrated nitric acid and 25% of hydrofluoric acid) to extract and separate the above fractions in order. The results indicated that the total sediment content of Pb and Cd were higher than their rate of occurrence in the crust, while copper, zinc, nickel, chrome, cobalt and iron were within those limits. According to the I-geo the metals Cr, Cu and Zn are considered at unpolluted class while Ni and Pb were ranged from moderately to strongly level. On the other had Cd was found at extremely level as its I-geo exceeded the highest-class value. These metals are bonded to different power bonds. Pb, Cr and Co have dominant in exchangeable and carbonates fraction. Iraqi tidal flats is characterized by very high risk considering Cr, Pb, Co and Cu which represented by RAC values, so they can move to the solution to become available for living

Use of sequential extraction methods to evaluate the environmental impact of trace metal in the Iraqi coastlines

The geochemical distribution of several trace metals (lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), chrome (Cr), cobalt (Co) and iron (Fe)) was investigated using five sequential extraction procedures to provide information on their distribution and environmental impacts on the Iraqi coastal sediments. Sediment samples were collected from 16 sites along the coast to determine the concentrations of the above metals. The concentration and ratios of these metals were estimated in the sediment extract (concentration on the exchange surfaces, carbonates, manganese oxides and iron oxides, organic matter and those associated with the remainder) using extraction methods (magnesium chloride, 1 molar of sodium acetate, 0.5 molar of hydroxylamine hydrochloride, 0.2 molar of ammonium oxalate, concentrated nitric acid and 25% of hydrofluoric acid) to extract and separate the above fractions in order. The results indicated that the total sediment content of Pb and Cd were higher than their rate of occurrence in the crust, while copper, zinc, nickel, chrome, cobalt and iron were within those limits. According to the I-geo the metals Cr, Cu and Zn are considered at unpolluted class while Ni and Pb were ranged from moderately to strongly level. On the other had Cd was found at extremely level as its I-geo exceeded the highest-class value. These metals are bonded to different power bonds. Pb, Cr and Co have dominant in exchangeable and carbonates fraction. Iraqi tidal flats is characterized by very high risk considering Cr, Pb, Co and Cu which represented by RAC values, so they can move to the solution to become available for living