FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF PROCHLORPERAZINE MALEATE SUSTAINED RELEASE FLOATING TABLET

Objective: The objective of this study was to formulate once daily sustained oral release floating tablet of prochlorperazine maleate, this floating tablet has many advantages like reduction in dosing frequency, increase bioavailability, enhance patient compliance, and improve drug solubility.Methods: The prochlorperazine maleate floating tablets were formulated by using hydrophilic swellable polymer and gas generating agent. In this study, 15 formulas were prepared with many variables in order to achieve an optimum dissolution and floating behaviour for the floating tablet. The all prepared formulas were tested for bulk density, tap density, angle of repose, Carr's Index, thickness, weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content, in vitro dissolution test, in vitro buoyancy, and swelling index.Results: Formula (F2) that contain 55% (w/w) hydroxypropyl methylcellulose k4M (HPMCK4M), 5 % (w/w) sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) have acceptable flow properties and compressibility index and good physical properties with floating lag time (16±0.57) seconds and total floating time (32±0.29) h with 100% release of prochlorperazine maleate at the end of 24 h. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study of optimum formula (F2) showed no chemical interaction between the drug and the excipients that used in the formula.Conclusion: It can be concluded that that the selected formula (F2) can be a promising formula for the preparation of gastro retentive floating drug delivery systems of prochlorperazine maleate

Lipidomics application to explain acute cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin

Doxorubicin (DOX) induced cardio-toxicity is one of the important limiting factors for the clinical use of this drug, the exact mechanism underlying the cardiotoxicity is still under debate and different experimental protocols were used.  Lipidomics technology was used in this study to investigate the underlying the cardiotoxicity is still under debate and different experimental protocols were used.  Lipidomics technology was used in this study to investigate the underlying mechanism of cardiotoxicity induced by DOX.  Lipidomics refers to the complete analysis of lipid profile of a cell or organism based on the principles and tools of analytical chemistry particularly mass spectrometry. This study was designed to investigate cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin using lipidomics technology. Method: Twelve adult male rats divided randomly into two groups, each group comprising of six rats. 1: Control group (single dose (1ml) saline intraperitoneally); 2: DOX group (20 mg/ kg single dose intraperitoneally). After anesthesia, the myocardial tissue harvested and stored in liquid nitrogen, then the metabolites will be extracted from left ventricle of the heart tissue, derivatized using boron trifluride-methanol 10% and then the metabolites identified using GC-MS. Results: The results showed that treatment with DOX produced significant (P<0.05) increase in the level of acetic acid, cholesterol, myristic acid, and stearic acid. Whereas the level of arachidonic acid, linolic acid, pentadecanoic acid, oleic acid and ricinoleic acid, decreased significantly (P<0.05) in DOX group.  Lauric acid, palmitic acid, and methylcyclohexane, were found to be increased in DOX group. Conclusion: This study showed that DOX induced cardiotoxicity can be identified by lipidomics technique by measuring lipid biomarkers of cardiotoxicity in heart tissue which include the saturated fatty acids (stearic acid, acetic acid and palmitic acid), unsaturated fatty acids (arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid) as well as cholestero

Multiscale Characterization of Microstructural Evolution in Powder Metallurgy and Ceramic Forming Processes

The microstructural evolution of materials during powder metallurgy and ceramic forming processes is a complex phenomenon that spans multiple length scales. In this study, we present a comprehensive multiscale characterization of the microstructural changes occurring during these processes. We employ a combination of advanced experimental techniques, including high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), to investigate the microstructural features at various length scales. Our results reveal the intricate interplay between grain growth, phase transformation, and defect formation during sintering and forming processes. We observe a strong correlation between the initial powder characteristics, such as particle size and morphology, and the resulting microstructure. Furthermore, we employ phase-field modeling to simulate the microstructural evolution and validate our experimental findings. Our simulations provide insights into the kinetics of grain growth and the role of interfacial energy in governing microstructural changes. The results of this study have significant implications for the design and optimization of powder metallurgy and ceramic forming processes, enabling the tailoring of microstructures for specific applications. This work contributes to the fundamental understanding of microstructural evolution in these processes and paves the way for the development of advanced materials with tailored properties

Enhanced Sintering Performance of Ceramic Composites Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy

In this study, we investigate the enhanced sintering performance of ceramic composites fabricated by powder metallurgy. The sintering process is a critical step in the production of ceramic composites, as it significantly affects the microstructure, mechanical properties, and overall performance of the final product. We employed a novel approach to optimize the sintering parameters, including temperature, pressure, and time, to achieve a uniform and dense microstructure with minimal porosity. The ceramic composites were fabricated using a mixture of alumina (Al2O3) and zirconia (ZrO2) powders, which were ball-milled to achieve a fine particle size distribution. The powders were then compacted and sintered under various conditions to study the effects of sintering parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites. The results showed that the optimized sintering conditions led to a significant improvement in the density, hardness, and fracture toughness of the ceramic composites. The microstructure analysis revealed a uniform distribution of the ceramic phases and a reduction in the grain size, which contributed to the enhanced mechanical properties. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the sintering process of ceramic composites and pave the way for the development of high-performance ceramic materials for various applications, including aerospace, automotive, and biomedical industries

Investigating the Corrosion Behaviour and Electrochemical Properties of Intermetallic Matrix Composites

In the realm of advanced materials, intermetallic matrix composites (IMC) have garnered significant attention due to their potential for high-temperature applications and superior mechanical properties. This research delves into the corrosion behaviour and electrochemical characteristics of selected IMCs to elucidate their performance in aggressive environments. Employing potentiodynamic polarization tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) , the study provides a comprehensive analysis of the corrosion kinetics and mechanisms inherent to these materials. The results indicate that the microstructural features, including the distribution of secondary phases and the nature of the matrix, play a pivotal role in determining the corrosion resistance. Furthermore, the presence of certain alloying elements was found to impart passivation capabilities, thereby enhancing the overall corrosion resistance. The EIS data revealed distinct time constants, suggesting multiple electrochemical processes at the interface. This study not only advances our understanding of the corrosion behaviour of IMCs but also underscores the importance of microstructural engineering in tailoring their electrochemical properties. The insights garnered hold profound implications for the design and application of IMCs in industries where corrosion resistance is paramount

Investigating the Effects of Process Parameters on the Size and Properties of Nano Materials

In recent years, the development of nano materials has garnered significant attention due to their unique properties and potential applications in various fields. However, the influence of process parameters on the size and properties of these materials remains a complex and largely unexplored area of research. In this study, we systematically investigate the effects of process parameters such as temperature, pressure, and reaction time on the size and properties of nano materials synthesized via a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Using advanced characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), we analyze the morphology, size distribution, and crystal structure of the synthesized nano materials. Our results reveal a strong correlation between the process parameters and the size of the nano materials, with temperature and pressure being the most influential factors. Furthermore, we observe a significant impact of the process parameters on the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of the nano materials. These findings provide valuable insights into the optimization of process parameters for the synthesis of nano materials with tailored properties, paving the way for their application in diverse fields such as electronics, energy storage, and catalysis. Our study contributes to the fundamental understanding of the relationship between process parameters and the properties of nano materials, offering a comprehensive framework for the design and synthesis of nano materials with desired characteristics

Design and Characterization of Multifunctional SMART Materials for Sensing and Actuation Applications

The field of materials science has experienced significant advancements, leading to the emergence of multifunctional SMART (Sensing, Measuring, Actuation, and Responsive Technologies) materials. These materials possess a distinctive set of properties that allow them to detect alterations in their surroundings and react accordingly by employing customised actuation mechanisms. The current study provides a full exposition on the design, synthesis, and characterisation of multifunctional SMART materials, with a specific focus on their applications in sensing and actuation. The design process include the meticulous identification and incorporation of diverse functional components, including piezoelectric materials, shape memory alloys, electroactive polymers, and nanomaterials, inside a composite matrix. The selection of these components is based on their unique physical and chemical characteristics, which enable them to detect external stimuli and demonstrate response behaviours. The amalgamation of various constituents inside a unified material framework yields a synergistic outcome, hence augmenting the holistic functionality of the SMART material. The research also explores the many uses of multifunctional SMART materials, encompassing areas such as structural health monitoring and biological devices. The capacity of these materials to detect alterations in temperature, strain, pressure, and other environmental factors, in conjunction with their actuation capabilities, presents novel opportunities for advancement in several disciplines

Advanced Interdisciplinary Approach in Construction Industry: Internet of Things (IOT)

Promoting construction, enhancing safety and multiple functions of IoT. Since the beginning of Fourth Industrial Revolution, digitalization becomes a fundamental function of all the construction project and bring all the project to a brand new practical and efficient world. IoT (Internet of Things), which refers to a large network of connected sensors and devices capable of autonomously exchanging and analysing data in real-time, belongs to a major facilitator of this function. To have an idea of the importance of this technology in the construction field, one must think about it as an instrument to decrease labour cost, reduce project repair time, and save material cost by automating and networking process. Among these could be automated assessment of a construction site to alert about hazards that might affect workers’ lives. IoT alarms and delivered insights reduce risks and keep the working place of the construction workers safe. Overall, it is claimed in the paper that IoT has a significant number of applications in the construction sector- starting from the project management to the quality testing of work. These are just some of the applications of IoT and as the field evolves, more benefits and value-added services would be seen arising. In this regard, IoT will also have a key role in communication and coordination between many stakeholders involved, hence creating collaboration and cooperation for a healthy conductive environment with openness among all. Its integration with latest technologies like digitization of data, data analytics, AI, facilitate predictive maintenance decisions and end up making less mistakes. Although there is a huge potential for IoT to develop in the construction industry, so far, it is not utilised in a large scale. There are some limitations to be reduced like the cybersecurity, interoperability, and workforce readiness among others that need to be addressed or enhanced in due time. Industry participants must join hands to overcome these issues. It would be an understatement to say that IoT has the ability to completely revolutionize the construction industry. In article it illustrates how the Internet of Things is transforming the building sector and offers guidance on how interested parties can take advantage of this technology to raise project sustainability, output, and safety. By adopting innovation and digitization, those involved in the construction industry can take advantage of new moves for efficacy and efficiency in systems performance

Experimental Investigation into the Impact of Substituting Natural Sand with Manufactured Sand in Landfill Construction

There is a lower requirement for river sand in construction because of a number of logistical and environmental problems. In response to these issues, alternative materials are being increasingly recognized by the construction field progressively M. Sand, derived from the mining and processing of rocks that is a low-particle-size substitute to natural sand which demonstrates potential. Amongst its numerous applications are surface polishing, prefabricated cement components, hollow block development, and lightweight component production. Practitioners and researchers both have been giving special attention on the usage of M. sand in the last few years. This has led to further study into its suitability for replacing river sand in concrete production. The formulation of concrete blends using M. Sand has been made possible through various mix designs developed according to relevant design codes such as IS codes. An assessment of the mechanical properties and structural performance -of concrete containing M. Sand has been conducted using cubes, cylinders, and beams compared to traditional natural sand concrete. As a result of these tests, the compressive, flexural, and tensile strength properties of M. Sand and M. Sand can be compared, suggesting M. Sand has similar properties. Concrete construction applications can utilize sand as an environmentally sustainable and viable alternative to natural-river sand, thereby addressing sustainability concerns and resource scarcity concerns