Analiza stabilności wymiarowej produktu rozdrabniania w recyklingu tworzyw

A study to identify the products of grinding process for the purposes of the recycling of elements, installations and materials made from polymers was proposed. The ground material was analyzed, evaluated and then described using the latest granulometric models. Based on the stability models, a mathematical description of granulometric distribution of particle size of the recycled polymer products obtained in the grinding process was found.Dla potrzeb recyrkulacji elementów, instalacjii materiałów z tworzyw polimerowych zaproponowano badania identyfikujące produkty rozdrabniania. Analizowano, oceniano, a następnie opisano je na bazie najnowszych modeli granulometrycznych. Modele stabilności pozwoliły na znalezienie matematycznych opisów rozkładów granulometrycznych uzyskanych produktów rozdrabniania w procesie recyklingu tworzyw polimerowych

The effect of changing injection temperature on some mechanical and morphological properties for polypropylene material (PP)

This is a study of a medical injection factory-Babylon carried out in order to achieve proper mechanical and morphological properties, PP has been injection molded by using cold runner injection molding machine with temperature variation (198, 200, 203……2200C) for ten samples. The physical and mechanical properties of PP product were examined. It has been found that the Shore hardness decreases linearly with injection molding temperature increasing. The tensile strength has a similar behavior to the hardness. However, it has been found that the MIF (Melt Index Flow) rates increases with the increase of injection molding temperature. The density of PP has been found for both virgin PP and the samples, it has been found that the density decreases with increasing operation temperature. FTIR (Fourier Transmission Infrared) spectra were taken for both samples with high and low operation temperature. Besides the SEM (Scanning Electronic Microscopy) test shows the difference in the morphology of the product surface and the PP product at high and low operation temperature. Moreover, for all these properties, the PP product exhibits good mechanical properties (hardness, tensile strength, density) for the samples produced at temperature lower than 2070C. While the physical properties such as MIF improved with injection temperature increasing, additionally, the SEM images show that the sample produced in low temperature have surface damage

Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Hyperbranched Polyester Polymers Using A2+B3 Monomers

Compared to linear analogs, hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) have gotten much attention in the last decade because of their intrinsic globular topologies and distinctive features like low viscosity, high solubility, and a high degree of functionality. In this work, four types of hyperbranched polyester polymer HBPs have been synthesized using the A2+B3 polycondensation methodology. Firstly, the starting material B3 monomer (Pyrimidine-2,4,6-triol) has been synthesized using urea and malonic acid with the presence of sodium Na as the catalyst for the reaction. Secondly, four types of materials (tartaric acid TA, adipic acid AD, maleic acid MA, and phthalic anhydride PA) as A2 monomers were added to the starting material B3 monomer in an oil bath to prepare the four types of HBP. The chemical structure of HBPs was characterized by FTIR, and 1H-NMR. The molecular weight of the prepared HBPs was characterized by gel permeation chromatography GPC, and thermal properties were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry DSC and thermal gravimetric analysis TGA. FTIR results showed that there are new bands, such as C-O-C between A2 and B3 monomers, as indicated by 1H-NMR. In addition, GPC shows that the prepared polymers have a narrow molecular weight distribution with good thermal stability, as indicated by DSC and TGA

TESTING AND ANALYSING THE GRINDING UNIFORMITY OF POLYMER PRODUCTS

This work aims to improve the uniformity of the grinding polymer materials (recycling of thermoplastic polymers) and reduce the power consumption of the grinding process for the polymer recycling process. The uniformity of grinding polymer materials is considered in many ranges: technical, material and control (steering). The influence of the method and grinding agent, the susceptibility properties and homogeneity of the grinded material was illustrated in this search. Irregularity of the operation of the dosage (feeder) of the granular material (δ) depends on the diameter (D) and the screw pitch (S). The uniformity of grinding polymer materials increases when the S/D is 0.25 or 1.67. The uniformity of grinding polymer materials for the S/D of 1.67 is better than for S/D of 0.25

Electrical properties for cold sprayed Nano copper oxide thin films

This work is a Copper oxide (CuO) thin films were effectively produced using cold spray technique. The process take place in an inert gas (helium) without using catalyst. Nano CuO was deposited on a glass slide, using helium as carrier gas heated to 100, 200, 300, and 400 °C, respectively on heated glass substrates at 300°C. The effect of structural and electrical properties was examined at each temperature for each film. AFM images show that the CuO thin film have different diameters ranging from 80 to 600 nm, and low surface roughness about 20.9 nm. The measured value of copper oxide resistivity was found to be decrease very much with the increasing temperature. All the result showed that copper oxide is suitable material for photovoltaic applications. This research is part of a larger work for the solar cells industry. Therefore, the aim of this research is to study the electrical properties of solar cells in the primary stages of manufacturing from available materials at low costs

Flow rate effect on partially modified potato starch microspheres formation process

Natural biopolymers are the most likely choice for biomedical applications, and starches can be considered the best materials for such applications. This comes from the fact of their natural origin and their high biodegradable behavior. Native starches have weak hydrogen bonding and a leaching behavior – making it a candidate for drug delivery application. Still, to make starch useful as a drug delivery carrier, this hydrogen bonding must be strengthened. In this work, native sweet potato starch was used, and the hydrogen bonding between starch molecules was enhanced by introducing glycerol as a hydrogen bonding source and sodium alginate (SA) as a thickener. This blend was tested by means of FTIR and DSC, and based on the test results, improved hydrogen bonding had taken place. Furthermore, potato starch microspheres were successfully produced at different flow rates. In the work, a microfluidic capillary device was harnessed to form microsphere generating total flow rates ranging between (0.00031 and 0.00054) cm3/sec. Herein, a starch/sodium alginate/glycerol mixture was used as a dispersed phase and PVA+tween 80 was used as continuous phase. At high flow rates (0.00062-0.00054) cm3/sec, the microspheres took an oval shape. At flow rates (0.00034-0.00048) cm3/sec, the microspheres took a spherical shape. At very low flow rate (0.00031) cm3/sec, the microspheres shell was weak and caused core oozing. In this work, starch microspheres were successfully formed with diameter ranging from (151-263) µm

Management the Operation Process of Photovoltaic Modules in Terms of Quality and Performance Evaluation—A Case Study

This article’s focuses of photovoltaic installations, which are becoming more and more popular in Poland and around the world. A short theoretical introduction to photovoltaic cells is presented, and the aim of the research is distinguished. Then, the formulas for the parameters characterizing solar cells are derived. The parameters that determine the highest efficiency of solar cells are specified in the next section. In the experimental part, tests of a selected photovoltaic installation were carried out. Based on the research, we conclude that temperature and sunlight have a significant impact on the efficiency of solar cells

Effect of ply angle on the burst pressure of composite pressure vessels by filament winding

A composite pressure vessel is an important structure in different applications including pipes, pipes under pressure and closed system pipes under high pressure and temperature such as gas pipelines and aircraft structures, because of the characteristics of polymer - a composite used as an alternative to heavy materials such as metal in the various applications, including the construction industry. The current work focuses on the study of strength phase orientation and their properties on the burst pressure strength and other parameters, which are very important in the design and manufacture of these vessels such as the selection of type of strength phase nylon 6, 6 and philosophy of mixing of the type of fiber with matrix material (epoxy). The work also includes the study of the effect of two layer angle ply (0, 90), (55, -55), (75, -75) and implements different material testing to evaluate the toughness and stiffness of these vessels and compare the experimental result with the theoretical result. A filament winding apparatus was designed and executed to manufacture different types of subjects according to these angle of ply nylon fiber. The mechanical tests (tensile test, drop test, pipe stiffness test, hydrostatic pressure test) were used to test the vessel. The results shown that the ply orientation (75, -75) has high (tensile strength, toughness, stiffness, impact and burst pressure) when compared with the results from other ply orientations. This shows that [75, -75] ply orientation is the optimal angle for the vessel. Tensile tests show that (75, -75) ply orientation samples have higher properties in two directions, longitudinal and transverse, when compared with other angles

An analysis of the impact of PV farms on airport operation

Large PV installations are being built increasingly often in areas close to airports in Poland and around the world. These are not only roof installations but also large PV farms, allowing not only the supply of the energy for the airport itself but also the ability to sell the excess energy produced. The applied PV installations may cause in some cases negative impact in the form of e.g., electromagnetic fields and light reflections which may limit the visibility of pilots and air traffic controllers. The article presents an overview of various negative impacts of PV farms on the workings of an airport and the main factors influencing the occurrence of certain threats have been diagnosed. An assessment of the usefulness of the tool and method for simulation and the reduction of possible negative impacts is also presented

An analysis of the impact of PV farms on airport operation

Large PV installations are being built increasingly often in areas close to airports in Poland and around the world. These are not only roof installations but also large PV farms, allowing not only the supply of the energy for the airport itself but also the ability to sell the excess energy produced. The applied PV installations may cause in some cases negative impact in the form of e.g., electromagnetic fields and light reflections which may limit the visibility of pilots and air traffic controllers. The article presents an overview of various negative impacts of PV farms on the workings of an airport and the main factors influencing the occurrence of certain threats have been diagnosed. An assessment of the usefulness of the tool and method for simulation and the reduction of possible negative impacts is also presented