An Effective Supply Chain Model using Blockchain in IoT with Trust Enabled Hybrid Concensus Algorithm

With the rapid growth of multiagent systems, concerns about privacy and security have assumed a position of paramount importance. Blockchain technology has gained a lot of attention since it first appeared because of its benefits in terms of decentralization, accessibility, traceability, and the capacity to be trustless. The increasingly complicated supply chains in today's world face significant issues regarding traceability and integrity. Blockchain technology holds out the possibility of developing a new concept for supply chain traceability, lapping these worries. Thus, in this research, the trust enable hybrid consensus algorithm is proposed for establishing consistency in the network with the irrelevant traders. The authorization is identified by the proposed model for accessing the Blockchain network depending on the accessibility rules. Depending on the various information sources, the authenticity of data is calculated, which makes the interaction between both the agent as well as the resource. The efficiency of the proposed model is determined by three different measures for secure data transfer. The attained minimal transaction time is 0.856 ms, memory usage is 87.684 KB, and responsiveness is 3.599 ms, respectively

An efficient synthesis of natural products using singlet oxygen

The treatment of 1,3-dienes with singlet oxygen to give endoperoxides represents a potent, chemo- and regioselective method for the introduction of oxygen functionality. Additionally, these endoperoxides products can be further utilized in the synthesis of added value compounds, as well as complex natural products. In the thesis a new method for the synthesis of acyclic 1,3-dienes is presented. Furthermore, both acyclic and cyclic 1,3-dienes are used in the synthesis of natural products using singlet oxygen (1O2) addition as a core strategy. A new approach for the synthesis of range of 1,3-dienes from aryl boronic acids and substituted propargyl alcohols via a palladium catalyzed has been developed. This reaction uses a base-free, Suzuki-Miyaura coupling followed by an unprecedented isomerization sequence and gives a wide range of cyclic and acyclic of 1,3- diene compounds with varying aryl groups in good isolated chemical yields. This reaction involves initial formation of an allene as intermediate which then undergoes ready rearrangement by way of a palladium hydride intermediate, which results from the interaction of palladium (0) and boric acid. To ascertain mechanistic conformation of this rearrangement the intermediary allenes were isolated and exposed to palladium (0) and boric acid. Additionally, direct injection ESI-MS was utilized to observe an intermediate palladium allyl complex; which can only occur form the addition of palladium-hydride to the allene. Furthermore, a range of stable allenes were then isomerized to 1,3-dienes by using the boric acid and a palladium (0) catalytic system. The synthetic utility of this reaction was applied by developing a convenient route to resveratrol from 1,3-diene. Additionally, we then utilized the addition of singlet oxygen to diene and were then able to convert the resultant endoperoxide to moracin M. Products Resveratrol and Moracin M Additionally, treatment of bicyclic 1,3-dienes with singlet oxygen to give bicyclic endoperoxides was examined as a method to deliver the core structure of the xanthanolide class of natural products. The xanthanolide skeleton, particularly xanthatin which is a potent anti-inflammatory natural product, contain a trans-fused ring system and can be obtained from the treatment of the endoperoxide with a malonate nucleophile via Korn Blum DeLaMare rearrangement. Significant progress toward the total synthesis of xanthatin was made, and we were able to obtain the advanced precursor, which is only 11-steps

Evaluation of three physical mixing methods of nanoparticles to orthodontic primer

Background: Demineralization and white spot lesions are the most common complications in fixed orthodontic treatment. It is useful to enhance the remineralization properties of the orthodontic primer by the addition of remineralizing agents. Fluoride and calcium are regarded as the main component of enamel fluorohydroxyapatite crystals. This pilot study compared three mixing methods of calcium fluoride nanoparticles (nCaF2) with conventional orthodontic primer (Transbond XT™) to develop a primer with enamel remineralization properties. Materials and methods: The nanoparticles were added to Transbond XT™ primer to form 20% (w/w) of the final solution. Three dark plastic bottles were prepared and stored until mixing. The first sample was mixed by a Vortex machine, the second was mixed with an electric agitator, and the third one was mixed with a customized plastic spatula adapted to a dental engine and a straight handpiece. Cured blocks of the developed primer were prepared and were examined for homogeneity, cracks, and agglomeration of the nanoparticles within the primer using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESM). Results: The third Sample showed a continuous distribution of nanoparticles with no apparent cracks or agglomeration of nanoparticles. In contrast, a higher agglomeration was seen in the first sample than in the other two. Conclusion: Mixing of nCaF2 with Transbond XT™ orthodontic primer was best achieved by the customized plastic spatula adapted to a dental engine compared to Vortex and electric agitator machines.</p

Physical Education Policies and Practices in Qatari Preschools: A Cross-Cultural Study

Anecdotal evidence and empirical research point out to the low physical activity levels at preschools as well as the global rise in childhood obesity rates. Placing a high premium on sports and healthy well-being of its citizens by the Qatari government, taking into account the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among Qatari children, and given the significance of physical activity during the development phase of preschool children all served as a rationale for the current research. The purpose of this study was to assess the preschool physical education practices and policies in Qatar. 40 teachers from 19 public independent and private international schools completed the Nutrition and Physical Activity Self-Assessment for Child Care (NAP SACC). Findings revealed that the total mean scores for the “time provided,” “teacher practices,” and “policy” sections of the NAP SACC were noted to be on the lower continuum of the best practice recommendations regardless of the preschool type (public vs. private). Higher mean scores on four sections of the NAP SACC were reported for the physical education preschool teachers in private international schools as compared to their counterparts in public independent schools. Significant effects of school type on the following three sections of the assessment: Time provided, indoor play environment, and policy were also revealed. Implications are discussed in the context of curriculum practices, professional development, and family-school partnership. Keywords: Physical education, Professional development, School-Family partnership, Preschool curriculu

Evaluation of three physical mixing methods of nanoparticles to orthodontic primer

Background: Demineralization and white spot lesions are the most common complications in fixed orthodontic treatment. It is useful to enhance the remineralization properties of the orthodontic primer by the addition of remineralizing agents. Fluoride and calcium are regarded as the main component of enamel fluorohydroxyapatite crystals. This pilot study compared three mixing methods of calcium fluoride nanoparticles (nCaF2) with conventional orthodontic primer (Transbond XT™) to develop a primer with enamel remineralization properties. Materials and methods: The nanoparticles were added to Transbond XT™ primer to form 20% (w/w) of the final solution. Three dark plastic bottles were prepared and stored until mixing. The first sample was mixed by a Vortex machine, the second was mixed with an electric agitator, and the third one was mixed with a customized plastic spatula adapted to a dental engine and a straight handpiece. Cured blocks of the developed primer were prepared and were examined for homogeneity, cracks, and agglomeration of the nanoparticles within the primer using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESM). Results: The third Sample showed a continuous distribution of nanoparticles with no apparent cracks or agglomeration of nanoparticles. In contrast, a higher agglomeration was seen in the first sample than in the other two. Conclusion: Mixing of nCaF2 with Transbond XT™ orthodontic primer was best achieved by the customized plastic spatula adapted to a dental engine compared to Vortex and electric agitator machines.</p

Inversion symmetry on Frobenius manifolds

We give an interpretation of the inversion symmetry of WDVV equations using theory of flat pencil of metrics associated to Frobenius manifolds

Dicyclic groups and Frobenius manifolds

The orbits space of an irreducible representation of a finite group is a variety whose coordinate ring is finitely generated by homogeneous invariant polynomials. Boris Dubrovin showed that the orbits spaces of the reflection groups acquire the structure of polynomial Frobenius manifolds. Dubrovin's method to construct examples of Frobenius manifolds on orbits spaces was carried for other linear representations of discrete groups which have in common that the coordinate rings of the the orbits spaces are polynomial rings. In this article, we show that the orbits space of an irreducible representation of a Dicyclic group acquire two structures of Frobenius manifolds. The coordinate ring of this orbits space is not a polynomial ring

OPHTHALMIC IN-SITU SUSTAINED GEL OF CIPROFLOXACIN, PREPARATION AND EVALUATION STUDY

Objective: This work aims to formulate and evaluate an ophthalmic in-situ gel of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (HCl) using poloxamer 407 (P407) as a gelling agent and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as a viscosity modifier. The objective of this work was to prolong the contact time as the in-situ gel will be converted into a gel upon contact with the cul-de-sac. Methods: Ciprofloxacin HCl ophthalmic in-situ gel was prepared by utilizing (P407) as a temperature-dependent polymer while hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was used as a viscosity modifier. The system was evaluated for physical appearance, pH, drug content, sterility, irritancy and stability. In addition, gelation temperature and a viscosity at different shear rates and different temperatures were studied. The compatibility of the polymer with ciprofloxacin was studied by using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The in vitro release of the drug was also evaluated and supported by a preliminary in vivo test.Results: The results showed that the prepared formulas were clear, with acceptable pH and the drug contents were within the acceptable limits. FTIR results detected no incompatibility between poloxamer 407 and ciprofloxacin HCl. Notably, the viscosity of the system showed a pseudoplastic behaviour where a reduction in viscosity upon increasing the shear rate was observed. The in vitro release study confirmed the prolongation of the release of the optimized formula (F6) up to 8 h. Upon application of F6 into eyes of rabbits there was no irritancy. In addition, in vivo elimination study showed a prolonged contact for the in-situ gel in comparison with the rapid clearance of eye drop. Stability study indicated the stability of the optimized formula (F6). Conclusion: The prepared optimized formula (F6) represents a successful, safe, stable and prolonged release in-situ gel formula of ciprofloxacin