Development Of A Thermostabilized Multiplex PCR Assay For The Rapid Detection Of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

Staphylococcus aureus rintang methicillin (MRSA) bertanggungjawab terhadap kebanyakan jangkitan nosokomial dan komuniti. Ujian kultur konvensional mengambil masa selama dua hingga lima hari untuk menghasilkan maklumat penuh mengenai organisma dan pola kerintangan antibiotiknya. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan ujian reaksi berantai polimerasi berganda untuk pengesanan MRSA dengan pantas. Ujian ini akan mengesan lima gen iaitu 16S rRNA gen dari genus Staphylococcus,femA Staphylococcus aureus, mecA yang mengekod rintangan methicillin, lukS yang mengekod pengeluaran leukosidin Panton-Valentine (PVL), sitotoksin nekrosis, dan satu gen kawalan dalaman secara serentak. Pasangan primer yang unik dan khusus telah pireka untuk mengamplifikasi lima gen dengan produk reaksi berantai polimerasi pada julat 151 hingga 759 bp. Primer yang spesifik disahkan berdasarkan urutan jujukan DNA produk reaksi berantai polimerasi berganda dan analisa Blast. The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is responsible for nosocomial and community-acquired infections. The conventional culture test takes 2-5 days to yield complete information of the organism and its antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Hence our present study was focused on developing a multiplex PCR assay for the rapid detection of MRSA. The assay simultaneously detected five genes, namely 16S rRNA of the Staphylococcus genus,femA of S. aureus, mecA that encodes methicillin resistance, lukS that encodes production of Panton- Valentine leukocidin (PVL), a necrotizing cytotoxin and one internal control. Unique and specific primer pairs were designed to amplify the 5 genes with the PCR products ranging from 151 to 759 bp. The specificity of the primers was confirmed by DNA sequencing of the multiplex PCR products and BLAST analysis

Malignancy risk analysis in patients with inadequate fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the thyroid

Background Thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the standard diagnostic modality for thyroid nodules. However, it has limitations among which is the incidence of non-diagnostic results (Thy1). Management of cases with repeatedly non-diagnostic FNAC ranges from simple observation to surgical intervention. We aim to evaluate the incidence of malignancy in non-diagnostic FNAC, and the success rate of repeated FNAC. We also aim to evaluate risk factors for malignancy in patients with non-diagnostic FNAC. Materials and Methods Retrospective analyses of consecutive cases with thyroid non diagnostic FNAC results were included. Results Out of total 1657 thyroid FNAC done during the study period, there were 264 (15.9%) non-diagnostic FNAC on the first attempt. On repeating those, the rate of a non-diagnostic result on second FNAC was 61.8% and on third FNAC was 47.2%. The overall malignancy rate in Thy1 FNAC was 4.5% (42% papillary, 42% follicular and 8% anaplastic), and the yield of malignancy decreased considerably with successive non-diagnostic FNAC. Ultrasound guidance by an experienced head neck radiologist produced the lowest non-diagnostic rate (38%) on repetition compared to US guidance by a generalist radiologist (65%) and by non US guidance (90%). Conclusions There is a low risk of malignancy in patients with a non-diagnostic FNAC result, commensurate to the risk of any nodule. The yield of malignancy decreased considerably with successive non-diagnostic FNAC

Study the effect of Aqueous cold water and Alcoholic extracts of Ziziphus spina christi against bacteria isolated from Conjunctivitis In vitro and In vivo

This study aimed to study the effect of Ziziphus spina christi Aqueous cold and Alcoholic leaves and fruits extracts on the growth and activities of the following types of bacteria :( Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes ). The results appeared outweigh the alcoholic extract of leaves and fruits of Sidr that prepared by saxholate extractor by addition of ethanol 95% significant superiority as compared with aqueous extract that prepared by using distilled water as was its influence inhibitor to the growth and effectiveness of bacteria , about the treatment of in-vivo to cause injury to these types of bacteria diagnosed laboratory mice and treated with alcoholic extract of the leaves of Sidr highest concentration of inhibitor Tests showed a positive response to treatment

Climate changes impact on the distribution of vegetation in Wasit and Nineveh regions of Iraq

Climate changes have a direct or indirect impact on many vital systems, including human and animal, as well as vegetation. The monthly precipitation and temperature for the period (1981-2021) and vegetation images (NDVI) for the period (2000-2022) from the satellite (NASA) for the regions of Ninevah and Wasit of Iraq were used to find out their variations over the space and time. It was found that the temperature was increasing with time, but the precipitation was in a state of turbulent increase in the two study areas. The distribution of vegetation was also in a state of change with time as well as within a region. The vegetation area increased with increase in precipitation which was greater in the Ninevah region than in the Wasit region. When there was a lack of precipitation, the vegetation cover area decreased in the two study areas.  The increase in temperature also resulted in a decrease in the density and area of vegetation. It was found that the change in the amount of precipitation was more influential than the change in temperature on the vegetative distribution

A case report of H‐syndrome from Baghdad Medical City treated with tocilizumab

Abstract This case report presents the first H‐syndrome rarity in Iraq, a 12‐year‐old female patient who was attending the Rheumatology out clinic for progressive hands joint deformities. She has a history of a multi‐systemic collection of diseases with various clinical features that include beta thalassemia minor, sensorineural deafness, and celiac disease

Molecular Detection Method for All Known Genotypes of TT Virus (TTV) and TTV-Like Viruses in Thalassemia Patients and Healthy Individuals

High sequence diversity among TT virus (TTV) and TTV-like viruses (TTLVs) is an obstacle to PCR detection of the entire spectrum of existing genotypes. To determine which primers are needed to detect all know genotypes of these viruses, an alignment of commonly used primer sequences with sequences of all known viral genotypes was performed to pre-dict theoretically amplifiable genotypes. The results predicted that all TTV genotypes (except genotype 21), all SEN virus (SENV) genotypes (A to H), and three known TTVL minivirus (TLMV) groups would be detectable by TTV primers NG054/ NG147/133/132 (NG) and TT6/7/8/9 (TT), combined with two TLMV primer sets (TLMV-S and TLMV-L). To confirm these findings, we genetically characterized 420 clones of NG primer products from 32 thalassemia patients and 8 healthy individu-als, as well as 50 PCR products amplified by TT and RD037/ 038/051/052 primers from 50 thalassemia patients and 96 TLMV-S primer product clones from 16 thalassemia patients

Synthesis, spectral, X-ray single structure, DFT calculations and antimicrobial activities of (CoX2)-X-(II) (dmphen)] (X = Br and SCN-)

Two tetrahedral mononuclear complexes with a general formula CoX2(dmphen)](1-2) (where dmphen is 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline and 1 (X = Br), 2 (X = NCS)) have been synthesized. These complexes are characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-visible, TG/DTA and by X-ray diffraction. The calculated electrostatic potential surface of 2 has shown that the electrostatic potential values around sulfur atom is anistropically distributed; the potential values along C-S bond is less negative than the corresponding values in the pi-region of S atom. This agrees with the observed geometrical arrangement of C-H center dot center dot center dot S-C hydrogen bonding interactions, the avg. of H center dot center dot center dot S-C angle is 81 degrees. Antimicrobial properties of cobalt(II) complexes was also assessed. Cobalt complexes exhibited significant antibacterial activity against different gram negative and positive human pathogens. The absorption spectrum of these complexes in acetone was modeled by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFF). (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved