Colorizing gray level images by using wavelet filters

© 2019 IEEE. This paper discusses a new algorithm to produce colored version of gray scale natural still images. This algorithm employs artificial neural network (ANN) to predict RGB channels using the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). A group of natural color images are used to train three ANNs. The trained networks estimate low resolution RGB layers of the gray scale image which are the best match to the trained images. The colored version of the image is produced form the predicted RGB layers and information form grayscale image. The performances of the new algorithm are analyzed subjectively and objectively using the peak signal to noise and Structural Similarity, as well as it is compared to similar algorithm based on discrete cosine transform. Acceptable colorized images were obtained from different still images

SYNTHESIS, Spectroscopic Characterization and Evaluation (Antibacterial & (GOT, G pT) Enzyme )Activity of Mixed Ligand Complexes of M(II) with Amino Acid (L-Asparagine) and Schiff Bases Derived from (Sulfamethoxazo Drug with 2,4Dimethoxybenzaldehyde)

Mixed ligand  Mn(II),Co(II), Ni(II),Cu(II) , Zn(II), Cd(II) and  Hg(II)complexes with a bidendate  Schiff base prepared by condensation of (Sulfamethoxazo  Drug  With 2,4Dimethoxybenzaldehyde) as a primary ligand and  potassium asparaginate as secondary ligand  were synthesized and characterized on the basis of   molar conductance measurements, magnetic susceptibility values, UV-Vi s ,FT- IR, spectral data wherever possible. Electronic spectra and magnetic susceptibility measurement reveal octahedral geometry for   all M(II) complexes. The complexes are found to be non-electrolytic in nature on the basis of low molar conductance. The antibacterial activity of the free ligands HL and there metal complexes were tested against the bacterial ( E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Psedomonas and Acinetobactera) Keywords:: biidendate, Schiff base, Antibacterial

Preparation, Characterization, and Antibacterial Properties of mixed ligand Complexes of L-leucine and Sulfamethoxazole with Mn(II),Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II),Zn(II),Cd(II)and Hg(II) ions

The research includes the synthesis and identification of the mixed ligands complexes of M+2 Ions  in general composition  ,[M(Leu)2(SMX)] Where L-leucine(C6H13NO2)symbolized (LeuH) as a primary ligand and Sulfamethoxazole (C10H11N3O3S)symbolized (SMX)) as  a secondary  ligand . The ligands and the metal chlorides were brought in to reaction at room temperature in(v/v) ethanol /water as solvent containing NaOH. The reaction required the following [(metal: 2(Na+ Leu-): (SMX)] molar ratios with M(II) ions, Were  M(II) = Mn(II),Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II),Zn(II),Cd(II)and Hg(II). The UV–Vis and magnetic moment data revealed an octahedral geometry around M(II), The conductivity data show a non-electrolytic nature of the complexes. The antimicrobial activities of ligands and their mixed ligand complexes were screened by disc diffusion method. Keywords: Sulfamethoxazole(antibiotic), L-leucine, Mixed ligand, Metal complexes, Antimicrobial activity

Single image super-resolution algorithm using PSNR in the wavelet domain

© 2020, Institute of Advanced Scientific Research, Inc.. All rights reserved. This article introduces a new algorithm for enhancing the resolution of interpolated images. The aim of this proposed algorithm is to obtain a high resolution image from a single low resolution image. The new algorithm uses the interpolation technique with a two dimensional filter that is specifically designed for the image by maximizing the peak signal to noise ratio in the wavelet domain. In addition to the 2D filter, a prediction method to estimate the difference between interpolated images will be used. The processed images are assessed by comparing them with ground truth images which are used for assessment purpose only. The proposed algorithm performance is evaluated using the peak signal to noise ratio in the spatial domain (PSNR), the peak signal to noise ratio in the wavelet domain (WPSNR) and the structural similarity index measurement (SSIM). The proposed new algorithm gives a better result than the previous algorithms

A Review of Enzymatic Transesterification of Microalgal Oil-Based Biodiesel Using Supercritical Technology

Biodiesel is considered a promising replacement to petroleum-derived diesel. Using oils extracted from agricultural crops competes with their use as food and cannot realistically satisfy the global demand of diesel-fuel requirements. On the other hand, microalgae, which have a much higher oil yield per hectare, compared to oil crops, appear to be a source that has the potential to completely replace fossil diesel. Microalgae oil extraction is a major step in the overall biodiesel production process. Recently, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) has been proposed to replace conventional solvent extraction techniques because it is nontoxic, nonhazardous, chemically stable, and inexpensive. It uses environmentally acceptable solvent, which can easily be separated from the products. In addition, the use of SC-CO2 as a reaction media has also been proposed to eliminate the inhibition limitations that encounter biodiesel production reaction using immobilized enzyme as a catalyst. Furthermore, using SC-CO2 allows easy separation of the product. In this paper, conventional biodiesel production with first generation feedstock, using chemical catalysts and solvent-extraction, is compared to new technologies with an emphasis on using microalgae, immobilized lipase, and SC-CO2 as an extraction solvent and reaction media

Characterisation of Nicotine and Cancer-Enhancing Anions in the Common Smokeless Tobacco Afzal in Oman

Objectives: Afzal is a common smokeless tobacco product (STP) available illegally in Oman. This study aimed to assess pH and moisture levels and determine cancer-enhancing factors in a randomly selected sample of Afzal. Methods: This study was carried out at the Sultan Qaboos University in Muscat, Oman, between April and December 2013. A package of Afzal was purchased from a single provider and divided into samples. The pH and moisture content of the samples were measured according to the protocols of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyse nicotine levels and ionexchange chromatography (IC) was used to determine concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, chloride, fluoride, bromide, sulphate and phosphate anions. Results: The samples had an alkaline pH of 10.46 with high levels of total (48,770.00 μg per g of STP [μg/g]) and unionised (48,590.00 μg/g) nicotine. The concentration of nitrate (8,792.20 μg/g) was alarmingly high. The chloride concentration (33,170.80 μg/g) showed a surge on IC chromatography. The moisture content percentage was 52.00%. Conclusion: The moisture content percentage and chloride concentration of Afzal was consistent with those of other STPs. In contrast, nitrite, sulphate and phosphate concentrations were below reported levels of other STPs. All anion concentrations were below the maximum daily limit set by international health organisations. However, the high concentrations of nitrite, nitrate and nicotine and the elevated alkaline pH observed in the analysed Afzal samples suggest that STP users will face health risks as a result of their use

Inhibition of Copper Corrosion by self Assembled Amphiphiles

The advantage of nanolayers that can replace the traditional inhibitors of solids is the significant decrease in chemicals. The consequence is a lower environmental pollution. On a copper surface, special hydroxamic acid amphiphiles (CnH2n+1CONHOH, n =9–17) were used in self-assembled molecular layers (SAM). The impact of time in SAM formation as well as the carbon chain length in the amphiphilic molecules was in the focus of the experiments. The time-dependent layer structure was characterized by sum frequency vibrational spectroscopy. The anti-corrosion efficiency of nanolayers was measured by different electrochemical techniques (electrode impedance spectroscopy, polarization) and by micro-calorimeter. The comparative analysis of data proved that the increase in time of SAM formation up to 1 hour enhances the stability, the ordering as well as the efficiency of nanolayers. The length of the carbon chain in the SAM layer, less significantly increases the anticorrosion efficiency in a corrosive environment than the layer thickness in LB films

Fast COVID-19 Detection from Chest X-Ray Images Using DCT Compression

Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is a new strain of coronavirus, first identified in a cluster with pneumonia symptoms caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. It is fast spreading all over the world. Most infected people will develop mild to moderate illness and recover without hospitalization. Currently, real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (rqRT-PCR) is popular for coronavirus detection due to its high specificity, simple quantitative analysis, and higher sensitivity than conventional RT-PCR. Antigen tests are also commonly used. It is very essential for the automatic detection of COVID-19 from publicly available resources. Chest X-ray (CXR) images are used for the classification of COVID-19, normal, and viral pneumonia cases. The CXR images are divided into sub-blocks for finding out the discrete cosine transform (DCT) for every sub-block in this proposed method. In order to produce a compressed version for each CXR image, the DCT energy compaction capability is used. For each image, hardly few spectral DCT components are included as features. The dimension of the final feature vectors is reduced by scanning the compressed images using average pooling windows. In the 3-set classification, a multilayer artificial neural network is used. It is essential to triage non-COVID-19 patients with pneumonia to give out hospital resources efficiently. Higher size feature vectors are used for designing binary classification for COVID-19 and pneumonia. The proposed method achieved an average accuracy of 95% and 94% for the 3-set classification and binary classification, respectively. The proposed method achieves better accuracy than that of the recent state-of-the-art techniques. Also, the time required for the implementation is less

Applications of Compound Nanotechnology and Twisted Inserts for Enhanced Heat Transfer

Nanoadditives are a type of heat transfer enhancement techniques adopted in heat exchangers to improve the performance of industrial plants through improvement of the thermal properties of base fluids. Recently, various types of inserts with nanofluids are adopted to enhance the thermal performance of double pipe heat exchangers. In the current article, TiO2/water nanofluid with multiple twisted tape inserts was investigated as a hybrid enhancement technique of heat transfer in straight pipes. The investigations were carried out experimentally and numerically at Reynolds numbers varied from 5000 to 20,000. Using nanofluid with 0.1% TiO2 nanoparticles volume fraction demonstrated enhanced heat transfer with slight increase in pressure drop. Results are showing a maximum increase of 110.8% in Nusselt number in a tube fitted with quintuple twisted tape inserts with 25.2% increase in the pressure drop. However, as the article is representing a part of specified book on heat exchangers, the literature has been extended to provide sufficient background to the reader on the use of nanotech, twisted inserts, and hybrid of compound nanofluids and inserts to enhance heat transfer processes

Expression of MMP-2 as Biological Markers of Invasion Potential in Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Oral and Maxillofacial Region (Immunohistochemical Study )

Background: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is a malignant epithelial neoplasm characterized by the proliferation of epidermis, mucous, and intermediate cells in various proportions, it represents up to 10% of all major salivary glands tumors and 15% to 23% of minor glands. It exhibits varying degrees of differentiation and histologic grade as well as widely diverse biologic behavior. Its grading system is based on different histological components seen on hematoxylin and eosin slide which is still a controversial issue.  This study evaluates the immunohistochemical expression of MMP-2 antibodies as markers of local invasion of MEC to be correlated with the tumor grade and stage. Aim of the study: Immunohistochemical evaluation MMP-2 as a biological markers  of  local invasion in oral and maxillofacial salivary MEC in relation to grading and staging of MEC. Materials and Methods: The study involved 22 salivary gland MEC tissue samples for the period from 1972 to 2010. Age, sex, site, stage and histologic grades were recognized. The samples were immunohistochemically stained with monoclonal antibodies to matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Results: The sample comprised 14 males and 8 females in (1.75:1) ratio. The age range of the patients was between 19 and 65 years with a mean of (45.9±10.53). The stage of MEC had a significant relationship with Brandwein grading system (P=0.039). Concerning the site and sex distribution, neither site nor sex had a significant statistical relationship with Brandwein grading system (p> 0.05). The mean of  matrixmetaloprotenase-2 expressed by MMP-2 immunomarker was (41.7±23.13) with no significant relation to tumor grade and stage . Regarding the predominant cells, no significant relations were found neither with the grade nor the stage of study samples. Conclusions: In all samples, matrixmetalloproteinase-2 had a non significant relationship with tumor grade and stage. No correlation was found between the histological grading of MEC and its biological behavior concerning  invasion potential