The Effect of Using Different Levels of Treated Roughage Feed and Un-Degraded Concentrate Feed its Decomposition on Milk Yield Contents of Arabi Ewes

The present study is conducted at the Animal Farm/ College of Agriculture/ University of Basrah during the period from 2/12/2012 to 2/3/2013. The study include 24 milking Arabi ewes ranged from 2-4 years age, having single lamb, closely lambing date and weighted 42 kg. After giving the ewes preliminary period of 10 days, they are distributed randomly and equally into six feeding groups. The first group is fed 60% concentrate and 40% roughages; soya bean meal is treated by formaldehyde. The second group is fed 60% concentrate and 40% roughages with untreated soya bean meal. The third group is fed 50% concentrate and 50% roughages with treated soya bean meal. The fourth group is fed 50% concentrate and 50% roughages with untreat soya bean meal. The fifth group was fed 40% concentrate and 60% roughages with treated soya bean meal. The sixth group is fed 40% concentrate and 60% roughages with untreated soya bean meal (control). The ration is given as 4% of live body weight. The concentrate consists of 40% barley, 20% corn, 30% wheat bran, 7% soya bean meal, 1% salt and 2% Calcium bicarbonate. Roughage is wheat straw treated with 4% urea and 3kg/ton yeast. Treated soya bean meal reduced degradable protein from 70% to 60% Milk yield of the first and two months for the first, third, fourth and fifth treatments is significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of control treatment. Total milk yield for the first, second, third and fifth treatment is higher (P<0.05) than those of fourth and control groups. The first group is the best in daily milk yield follow by second, third and fifth treatments. Milk composition is the different significantly (P<0.05) among groups except pH. The third treatment showed highest fat and protein%, fourth group in lactose and urea. Third and fourth group showed lowest level of moisture. All feeding groups showed significant (P<0.05) the highest levels of milk content in comparison with control group except moisture. Results revealed that fatty acids% did not influenced by formaldehyde treatments. However, they are significantly (P<0.05) affected by the level of roughage ; the highest value was recorded by second group in comparison with control. Oleic acid is recorded the highest level in the milk (36.3 and 52.61% of first and second groups respectively). The capric acid is rare (1.15 and 3.7% of the second and the fourth groups respectively). All fatty acid percentages are influenced significantly by the treatments except capric acid

Inflammation-related cytokine gene polymorphisms in Beh&ccedil;et&rsquo;s disease

Fahda Al-Okaily,1 Misbahul Arfin,2 Seham Al-Rashidi,1 Maysoon Al-Balawi,1 Abdulrahman Al-Asmari2 1Department of Rheumatology, 2Division of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Research Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Abstract: Beh&ccedil;et&rsquo;s disease (BD) is a complex, multisystemic inflammatory disorder of unclear etiology. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-10 genes have been implicated in susceptibility to BD with inconsistent results in several ethnic populations. The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate the association of TNF-&alpha; (&minus;308G/A), TNF-&beta; (+252A/G), and IL-10 (&minus;1082G/A, &minus;819C/T, and &minus;592 C/A) polymorphisms with susceptibility of BD in Saudi patients. Molecular genotyping of TNF-&alpha;, TNF-&beta;, and IL-10 gene polymorphisms was performed to analyze the alleles and genotypes distribution in 272 Saudi subjects, including BD patients (61) and healthy controls (211). The frequencies of allele A and genotype GA of TNF-&alpha; (&minus;308G/A) were significantly higher, whereas those of allele G and genotypes GG were significantly lower in BD patients than controls, indicating that A allele and GA genotype are susceptible, while G allele and GG genotype may be refractory to BD. The distribution of frequencies of alleles and genotype of TNF-&beta; (+252A/G) promoter polymorphism was not significantly different between BD patients and healthy controls. Genotypes 1082GG, &minus;819TT, and 592AA of IL-10 polymorphisms are significantly associated with susceptibility risk of BD, while genotypes 1082AA, 1082GA, 819CC, 819CT, 592CC, and 592CA are resistant to BD. This study indicates that TNF-&alpha; (&minus;308G/A) and IL-10 (&minus;1082G/A, &minus;819C/T, and &minus;592C/A) polymorphisms are associated with risk of BD susceptibility in Saudi patients. However, larger scale studies in Saudi population as well as in other ethnicities are needed to confirm this association. Keywords: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-10, polymorphism, Saudis, Beh&ccedil;et&#39;s diseas

The Effect of Apparent and Intellectual Sustainability Independence on the Credibility Gap of the Accounting Information

This study aims to recognize the sustainability independence of the Jordanian Association of Certified Public Accountants (JACPA/JCPA) and its impact on the credibility gap of the accounting information of companies operating in Jordan. This study demonstrates the effects of the apparent and intellectual sustainability independence on the credibility gap of accounting information. A total of 93 online questionnaires were analyzed using multiple regressions. The results revealed an impact of the apparent independence of the JCPA on the quality of the information credibility gap related to service fees, and no statistically significant impact for both consulting and accounting service fees was found. This study also concludes research regarding the impact of intellectual independence of the JCPA on the information credibility gap regarding the code of professional ethics and the commitment of auditing offices to their customers