Effect of the aqueous extract of Banana Fruits Peal Musa paradisiaca on Mitosis in Plant and Mammalian cells

The aqueous extract of banana fruits peal was tested for its effect on mitosis . The root tips of Allium cepa were used as plant test system and the bone marrow cells of the albino mice Mus musculus were used as mammalians test system in vivo .Root tips of Allium cepa were treated for four hours with five concentrations of the extract (5 , 10 , 20 , 40 ,60 mg / ml.).The Metaphase was arrested in all the treatments , the highest percentage ( 100 % ) was recorded in the first concentration , the last concentration caused stickiness and clumping of the chromosomes. The treatments did not cause significant difference in the mitotic index. The peals extract (5 mg /ml) was compared with the extracts of fruits bulb, leaves and roots of banana plant, it was found that the extract of fruits peal is the best considering the highest percentages of arrested Metaphase in the root tips cells. The albino mice Mus musculus were injected intraperitonial with the peals extract ( 0.01 , 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 mg / gm body weight), the percentages of arrested Metaphase in the bone marrow of these animals were comparable to the recorded percentages when the animals were injected with colchicine ( 0.01 mg / gm b.w.) .This study revealed the antimitotic activity of the aqueous extract of banana fruits peal on both the plant and mammalian cells in vivo. Studies will be conducted to investigate the effect of the extract and its components on the proliferation of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo

A sociologia urbana, os modelos de análise da metrópole e a saúde coletiva: uma contribuição para o caso brasileiro Urban sociology, analytical models for metropolisses, and collective health: a contribution to the Brazilian case

À luz da antiga relação entre a epidemiologia e o espaço geográfico e dos diversos modelos de produção das cidades, apresenta-se uma sistematização das noções de espaço/território, a partir da década de 1970 no Brasil. Discutem-se os principais modelos analíticos das grandes cidades brasileiras, cujas raízes conceituais encontram-se em disciplinas como a sociologia urbana, a geografia humana, a economia regional e o planejamento urbano. Sugere-se que a distribuição de investimentos públicos guarda relação com a estrutura social cristalizada no espaço. Procura-se ampliar as bases de um diálogo entre a literatura que apóia as análises das chamadas desigualdades socioespaciais e a saúde coletiva. Apresenta-se sugestão de arcabouço para o desenvolvimento de tipologias de análise socioespacial. Considera-se que se encontram disponíveis diversas técnicas computacionais que popularizam o emprego de variáveis passíveis de expressão espacial. No entanto, essas facilidades ressentem a falta de um aporte mais sociológico, ou humanístico.<br>In light of the historical relationship between epidemiology and geographic space and the relevance of a detailed examination of models for the production of cities, this article systematizes the notions of space/territory that have influenced urban sociology since the 1970s in Brazil. The principal analytical models for large Brazilian cities are discussed in such disciplines as urban sociology, human geography, regional economics, and urban planning. The article suggests that the distribution of public investments bears a close relationship to the social structure crystallized in space. The text attempts to expand the basis for a dialogue between the literature underlying the analyses of so-called socio-spatial inequalities and collective health. Two key points are raised in the article: there are increasingly available computational techniques leading to more widespread use of variables that are amenable to spatial expression; but, these facilities lack a more sociological or humanistic approach for both the methodological design and the results of such analyses

High Genetic Diversity and Structured Populations of the Oriental Fruit Moth in Its Range of Origin

The oriental fruit moth Grapholita ( = Cydia) molesta is a key fruit pest globally. Despite its economic importance, little is known about its population genetics in its putative native range that includes China. We used five polymorphic microsatellite loci and two mitochondrial gene sequences to characterize the population genetic diversity and genetic structure of G. molesta from nine sublocations in three regions of a major fruit growing area of China. Larval samples were collected throughout the season from peach, and in late season, after host switch by the moth to pome fruit, also from apple and pear. We found high numbers of microsatellite alleles and mitochondrial DNA haplotypes in all regions, together with a high number of private alleles and of haplotypes at all sublocations, providing strong evidence that the sampled area belongs to the origin of this species. Samples collected from peach at all sublocations were geographically structured, and a significant albeit weak pattern of isolation-by-distance was found among populations, likely reflecting the low flight capacity of this moth. Interestingly, populations sampled from apple and pear in the late season showed a structure differing from that of populations sampled from peach throughout the season, indicating a selective host switch of a certain part of the population only. The recently detected various olfactory genotypes in G. molesta may underly this selective host switch. These genetic data yield, for the first time, an understanding of population dynamics of G. molesta in its native range, and of a selective host switch from peach to pome fruit, which may have a broad applicability to other global fruit production areas for designing suitable pest management strategies