DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISSOLVING GRANULES OF SALBUTAMOL SULFATE

Objective: Appropriateness of administration and patient complaints are important factors in developing dosage forms, especially for children and elderly people. The goal of this research was to develop salbutamol sulfate granules that dissolve quickly to improve patient compliance. Methods: Five formulas (F1-F5) were prepared by wet granulation methods. Different type of excipients was used in the formulation like banana powder as super disinterring, mannitol, hydroxyl propyl methylcellulose; etc. The formulas were evaluated for flow properties, drug compatibility study by FTIR, drug content, and drug release profile. Results: The result revealed that the flowability of the five formulas has accepted flow properties; The FTIR studies of the formula F2 showed no drug-excipients interaction. All of the prepared formulas show an acceptable range of drug content, a rapid release of drug of about 95.2% within 10 min. These results indicate good and rapid release properties of salbutamol sulfate from fast dissolving granules. Conclusion: Salbutamol sulfate was successfully formulated as fast-dissolving granules by using banana powder

The importance of the intertidal area for the Mullet Liza klunzingeri

The mullet Liza klunzingeri, locally known as maid, is an important commercial species in Kuwait and accounts for up to 16% of the total finfish landings.  To determine the seasonal and spatial distributions of juvenile maid, a small-mesh seine net was employed monthly at seven selected coastal sites during the period from November 2013 through October 2014.  Semicircular sweeps of the 30 m long, two-meters high seine covered an area of approximately 1,400 m2.  Juvenile maid were captured at most of the sampling sites during the entire investigation period, but mainly in spring and summer, indicating a wide coastal distribution of this species.  The highest catches of juveniles occurred in May with an average of 30.2 kg per sweep, corresponding to a density of 22 g/m2.  Catches of juveniles from sampling sites in or just south of the Kuwait Bay, near prime maid fishing grounds, were much higher than those from more southerly sampling sites.  The captured maid ranged in total length (TL) from 18 to 179 mm, with a high peak at 41 to 50 mm.  By-catch included thirty species, with  hasoom (Sillago sihama), Imchawah (Diplodus sargus kotschyi), and yowaff (Nematalosa nasus) being the most common.  The by-catch consisted mostly of juveniles with lengths less than100 mm TL, showing the importance of the intertidal and coastal waters for many species

IMPROVING SOLUBILITY OF METHOTREXATE BY SOILD DISPERSION

 Objective: Methotrexate (MTX) is a folate antimetabolite used for the management of neoplastic diseases like leukemia and breast cancer, Methotrexate also used in the treatment of psoriasis as well as rheumatoid arthritis. The goal of this research was to improving the solubility and dissolution profile of methotrexate solid dispersion by using different polymers.  Method: A total six formulas were prepared as solid dispersion of methotrexate by solvent evaporation method by using polyethylene glycol (PEG -4000) and poly Vinyl pyrolidone (PVP- K30) as polymeric solubilizer in ratio (1:1,1:2,1:4), Then the solid dispersion of methotrexate were evaluated by solubility test, permeability test and FTIR study . Result: All six solid dispersion formulas showed a significant improvement in the solubility of methotrexate, and the formulations demonstrated improved in the rate of drug release of approximately 99.8±0.9 within 60 min. FTIR study for F3 and F6 show no drug-excipients interaction . Conclusion: Methotrexate was successfully enhanced its water solubility by using solid dispersion