Extracting student patterns from log file Moodle course: A case study

This paper introduces a set of extracted factors from Moodle log file of the selected course as a case study that aims to capture student Engagement (E), Behavior (B), Personality (Pers) and Performance (P). The factors are applied to identify students’ EBPersP with different course activities. The data set used in this paper was selected from the "Introduction to Computer Science" online course that captures 273,906 records as a log file for 29 students, delivered in Spring 2020. The paper also tries to show whether there is a relationship between student engagement, behavior and personality and their performance. Results show different patterns of students’ interactions with course contents, activities, and assessments. Specifically, our findings highlight that students' EBPersP could be extracted from Moodle log files. In addition, the extracted factors could assist instructors on how to focus more on students with low and average performance, giving them more attention to enhancing their performance.

The Notion of Sunna: An Eclectic Reading in the Ibadhi Legacy

This paper offers a cursory reading in the Ibadhi legacy, drawing on its diversity in place and time. It investigates the notion of sunna in its different meanings and connotations in this legacy, in the linguistic, usuli and fiqhi usage as well as at its intersections with hadith, athar and sira. The article documents the rich and independent legacy of the Ibadhi school. It concludes that, apart from minor particularities in technical terms and conceptualisation, there is virtually no difference as compared to other schools in the usage of the notion of sunna

The notion of sunna: an eclectic reading in the ibadhi legacy

This paper offers a cursory reading in the Ibadhi legacy, drawing on its diversity in place and time. It investigates the notion of sunna in its different meanings and connotations in this legacy, in the linguistic, usuli and fiqhi usage as well as at its intersections with hadith, athar and sira. The article documents the rich and independent legacy of the Ibadhi school. It concludes that, apart from minor particularities in technical terms and conceptualisation, there is virtually no difference as compared to other schools in the usage of the notion of sunna

Exploring Factors and Indicators for Measuring Students’ Performance in Moodle Learning Environment

One of the most important pillars of smart cities is the smart learning environ-ment. This environment should be well prepared and managed to improve the in-struction process for instructors from one side and the learning process for stu-dents from the other side. This paper presents the student’s Engagement, Behav-ior and Personality (EBP) predictive model. This model uses Moodle log data to investigate the influence and the effect of the students’ EBP factors on their per-formance. For this purpose, this paper uses the data log files of the "Search Strat-egies on the Internet" online course in Fall 2019 at Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) extracted from Moodle database. The intention of conducting this kind of experiments is of three-facets: 1. to assist in gaining a holistic understanding of online learning environments by focusing on student EBP and performance with-in the course activities, 2. to explore whether the student’s EBP can be considered as indicators for predicting student’s performance in online courses, and 3. to support instructors with insights to develop better learning strategies and tailor instructions for personal learning of individual students. Moreover, this paper takes a step forward in identifying effective methods to measure student’s EBP during the learning process. This may contribute to proposing a framework for the smart learning behavior environment that would guide the instructors to ob-serve students’ performance in a more creative way. All the 38 students who participated in this experiment had compatible statistics and results as the relationship between their Engagement, Behavior, Personality was symmetric with their Performance. This relationship was presented using a group of condition rules (If-then). The extracted rules gave us a straightforward and visual picture of the rela-tionship between the factors mentioned in this paper

Tracking Student Performance Tool for Predicting Students EBPP in Online Courses

Our motivation in this paper is to predict student Engagement (E), Behavior (B), Personality (P) and Performance (P) via designing a Tracking Student Perfor-mance Tool (TSPT) that obtained data directly from Moodle logs of any selected courses. The proposed tool follows the predictive EBP model that focuses mainly on student's EBP and Performance where the instructor could use it to monitor the overall performance of his/her students during the course. The results of test-ing the tool show that the developed tool gives the same as manual results analy-sis. Analyzing Moodle log of any course using such a tool is supposed to help with the implementation of similar courses and helpful for the instructor in re-designing it in a way that is more beneficial to the students. This paper sheds light on the importance of studying student's EBPP and provides interesting possibili-ties for improving student performance with a specific focus on designing online learning environments or contexts

Human macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells stimulate the proliferation of endothelial cells through midkine production.

The cytokine midkine (MK) is a growth factor that is involved in different physiological processes including tissue repair, inflammation, the development of different types of cancer and the proliferation of endothelial cells. The production of MK by primary human macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) was never described. We investigated whether MK is produced by primary human monocytes, macrophages and MDDCs and the capacity of macrophages and MDDCs to modulate the proliferation of endothelial cells through MK production. The TLR stimulation of human monocytes, macrophages and MDDCs induced an average of ≈200-fold increase in MK mRNA and the production of an average of 78.2, 62, 179 pg/ml MK by monocytes, macrophages and MDDCs respectively (p < 0.05). MK production was supported by its detection in CD11c+ cells, CLEC4C+ cells and CD68+ cells in biopsies of human tonsils showing reactive lymphoid follicular hyperplasia. JSH-23, which selectively inhibits NF-κB activity, decreased the TLR-induced production of MK in PMBCs, macrophages and MDDCs compared to the control (p < 0.05). The inhibition of MK production by macrophages and MDDCs using anti-MK siRNA decreased the capacity of their supernatants to stimulate the proliferation of endothelial cells (p = 0.01 and 0.04 respectively). This is the first study demonstrating that the cytokine MK is produced by primary human macrophages and MDDCs upon TLR triggering, and that these cells can stimulate endothelial cell proliferation through MK production. Our results also suggest that NF-κB plays a potential role in the production of MK in macrophages and MDDCs upon TLR stimulation. The production of MK by macrophages and MDDCs and the fact that these cells can enhance the proliferation of endothelial cells by producing MK are novel immunological phenomena that have potentially important therapeutic implications