Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Water, Soil and Tomato Plant (Lycopersican esculentum L.) at Basra City, Iraq

This study focused on the determination of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH)  concentration in soil, water and tomato plant  Lycopersican esculentum L. at ( root , stem, and leaf ) and biomass of  these plant in four stations  Safwan , shuaiba , Abu Al-kasibe and Garma Ali  at Basra city, Iraq. The result show  that higher concentrations of (TPH) in the soil  and water of Safwan than other stations related to industrial , agricultural and domestic activities which released to environment contaminated to the ground water. The result also show variation in ( TPH ) between Lycopersican esculentum parts ( root , stem and leaf ) , the higher concentration was found in tomato root of  Safwan station compare to other stations and this level was highest than other parts of plant in the same station and other stations. There was positive correlation between petroleum hydrocarbons in soil and plant parts indicated that the plants obtained the TPH from the soil. The total nitrogen was high levels (2.31mg/l) in tomatoes plant in Garmat Ali station while the lowest levels (1.33mg/l ) was in shuaiba station .  Total  phosphorus was higher in Abu kasibe (0.25mg/l ) and low levels (0.11mg/l ) in  Safwan. The percentage of dry mass observed in this order Abu kasibe >  Garma Ali > Safwan >  shuaiba . The bioconcentration factor (BCF) and Translocation factor (TF) which is very important parameters to check the ability of plants for phytoremediation have been calculated

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Some Fishes from the Iraqi Marine Waters

This study represent the concentrations of 16 PAHs in 12 of commercial fish species (Euryglossa orientalis , Acanthopagrus araticus , Epinephelus coioides , Chirocentrus dorab , Scomberoidescommersonnianus , Scomberoides lysan , Otolithes ruber , Alepes diedaba , Tenualosa ilisha , Parastromateus niger , Pampus  argentetus , Ablennws hians ) . which were collected from the coastal area of the of Iraqi marine water during 2015. The analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fish muscles were determined using HPLC to identify the sources of PAHs, The total concentration of PAHs in fishes ranged between (0.432) ng/g dry weight in P. niger and (14.939) ng/g dry weight in  T. ilisha muscles . When we calculated the ratio of (Flouranthene to Pyrene)  and the ration of (Phenanthrene to Anthracene) and ratio of low molecular weight to high molecular weight of PAHs and the ration of Anthracene to (Anthracene + Phenanthrene ) and the ration of Benzo[a]anthracene to (Benzo[a]anthracene+ Chrysene), it is showed that the PAHs origin in fishes were Pyrogenic and Petrogenic . T. ilisha showns high ability to accumulate PAHs compounds  like Fluorene , Anthracene, Acenaphthene and Phenanthrene in muscles compared with other fishes ,  there was different ability of fish to accumulate  the PAHs from surrounded environments  . Keywords: PAHs compounds, HPLC, fishes, Iraqi marine water

Estimation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Some Fishes of Shatt Al-Arab River-Iraq

Levels of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in six edible tissues of selected frequently-consumed fish collected from Shatt Al-Arab river, namely, Luciobarbus xanthopterus , Ctenophyngodon idella, Cyprinus carpio, Tilapia zillii, Palaniza  abu and Leuciscus vorax were investigated in 2015. High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis was employed for determination of PAHs. Total PAHs in the samples ranged from 0.02 ng/g dry weights in Cy. carpio to 3.34 ng/g dry weights in Le. vorax . Some ratios were calculated to evaluate the sources of these compounds in the area. The results showed that there was pyrolytic and petrogonic sources.Low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs was the predominant compounds, suggesting the gill-water transfer might be the major exposure route for PAHs in the studied fish species. Keywords: Shatt Al-Arab River, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), Edible fishes, sources