Prevalence of Sleep Deprivation and Relation with Depressive Symptoms among Medical Residents in King Fahd University Hospital, Saudi Arabia

Objectives: Sleep deprivation is common among medical residents of all specialties. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of sleep deprivation and depressive symptoms among medical residents in King Fahd University Hospital (KFUH) in Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, the association between sleep deprivation, sleepiness and depressive symptoms was examined. Methods: This cross-sectional study took place between February and April 2012 and involved 171 KFUH medical residents of different specialties. Data were collected using a specifically designed questionnaire eliciting demographic information, working hours and number of hours of sleep. In addition, validated Arabic versions of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory-2 (BDI-2) were used. Results: The prevalence of acute sleep deprivation and chronic sleep deprivation among residents in KFUH was 85.9% and 63.2%, respectively. The prevalence of overall sleepiness was 52%; 43.3% reported being excessively sleepy in certain situations while 8.8% reported being excessively sleepy regardless of the situation. Based on the BDI-2, the prevalence of mild, moderate and severe depressive symptoms was 43.3%, 15.2% and 4.7%, respectively. Significant associations were found between sleep deprivation and depressive symptoms; depressive symptoms and sleepiness, and depressive symptoms and being a female resident. Conclusion: The vast majority of medical residents had acute sleep deprivation, with more than half suffering from chronic sleep deprivation. The number of hours and quality of sleep among the residents were strongly associated with depressive symptoms. New regulations are recommended regarding the number of working hours and night duties for medical residents. Further studies should assess these new regulations on a regular basis

Calculating the density of electronic charge for hydrogen atom and ions like atom

The radial wave function R(r) and the radial distribution function P(r) as a function of (r), for the Hydrogen atom was calculated for several atomic state (1s,2s,2p,3s,3p,3d) The results were compared with Hydrogen like atom(He+,Li+2,Be+3)

A study of some atomic properties for He-like selected ions

The atomic properties have been studied for He-like ions (He atom, Li+, Be2+ and B3+ions). These properties included, the atomic form factor f(S), electron density at the nucleus , nuclear magnetic shielding constant and diamagnetic susceptibility ,which are very important in the study of physical properties of the atoms and ions. For these purpose two types of the wave functions applied are used, the Hartree-Fock (HF) waves function (uncorrelated) and the Configuration interaction (CI) wave function (correlated). All the results and the behaviors obtained in this work have been discussed, interpreted and compared with those previously obtained

A nickel(II) complex with an unsymmetrical tetradentate chelating ligand derived from pyridine-2,6-dicarbaldehyde and 2-aminothiophenol

[(2-{[6-(1,3-Benzo­thia­zol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]carbonyl­aza­nid­yl}phen­yl)sulf­anido]nickel(II), [Ni(C$_{19}$H$_{11}$N$_3$OS$_2$)], crystallizes in the centrosymmetric monoclinic space group $P2_1/n$ with one mol­ecule in the asymmetric unit. The expected ligand, a bis-Schiff base derived from pyridine-2,6-dicarbaldehyde and 2-amino­thio­phenol, had modified in situ in a both unexpected and unsymmetrical fashion. One arm had cyclized to form a benzo[$d$]thia­zol-2-yl functionality, while the imine linkage of the second arm had oxidized to an amide group. The geometry about the central Ni$^{II}$ atom is distorted square-planar N$_3$S. The mol­ecules form supra­molecular face-to-face dimers via rather strong π–π stacking inter­actions, with these dimers then linked into chains via pairwise C—H$\cdot\cdot\cdot$O inter­actions

Non-Invasive Haemoglobin Estimation in Patients with Thalassaemia Major

Objectives: This study aimed to validate pulse CO-oximetry-based haemoglobin (Hb) estimation in children and adults with thalassaemia major (TM) and to determine the impact of different baseline variables on the accuracy of the estimation. Methods: This observational study was conducted over a five-week period from March to April 2012. A total of 108 patients with TM attending the daycare thalassaemia centre of a tertiary care hospital in Muscat, Oman, were enrolled. Spot (Sp) Hb measurements were estimated using a Pronto-7® pulse CO-oximetry device (Masimo Corp., Irvine, California, USA). These were compared to venous samples of Hb using the CELL-DYN Sapphire Hematology Analyzer (Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA) to determine the reference (Ref) Hb levels. A multivariable linear regression model was used to assess the impact of baseline variables such as age, gender, weight, height, Ref Hb and blood pressure on the Hb estimations. Results: Of the 108 enrolled patients, there were 54 males and 54 females with a mean age of 21.6 years (standard deviation [SD] = 7.3 years; range: 2.5–38 years). The mean Ref Hb and Sp Hb were 9.4 g/dL (SD = 0.9 g/dL; range: 7.5–12.3 g/dL) and 11.1 g/dL (SD = 1.2 g/dL; range: 7.5–14.7 g/dL), respectively. The coefficient of determination (R2) was 21% with a mean difference of 1.7 g/dL (SD = 1.1 g/dL; range: −0.9–4.3 g/dL). In the multivariable model, the Ref Hb level (P = 0.001) was the only statistically significant predictor. Conclusion: The Pronto-7® pulse CO-oximetry device was found to overestimate Hb levels in patients with TM and therefore cannot be recommended. Further larger studies are needed to confirm these results

A study of Immunoglobulins,Complements and Some Hematological Parameters Levels in Thalassemic Patients in Related Bacterial Infections

Background: Thalassemia and abnormal hemoglobin are the most common genetic disorders and are considered health problems in many developing countries. Beta-Thalassemia major is the most familiar type, in which the beta-globin chain synthesis is impaired. Objective: To evaluation the concentrations of immunoglobulins  IgM, IgG and  IgA also the complements  C3 and C4 between β-Thalassimic children patients and control group, and find the differences of some hematological parameters between the two  groups, finally, isolation of some bacterial species causes the bacterial infections. Patients and Methods: The present study was performed on 40 β-thalassemia major children who were registered in the thalassemia center at Al-Karama teaching hospital in Baghdad and 20 healthy children as a control group from the period of September 2015-Augest 2016, the serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) and complement C3, C4 levels were measured also blood culture was done to identify the causative infection. Results: The mean serum concentrations of IgM, IgG and IgA in β-thalassemia major children were 1834.1 ± 312.2, 134.5 ± 40.3 and 212.7±89.6, respectively, and they were increased significantly (p≤0.05). The mean serum concentrations of C3 and C4 were consistently decreased in children and there were no significant differences (p≤0.05) between the two groups. The mean Hb of β- thalassemic children was 8.32±0.91 g/dl  and this lower from the level of control, RBC count is also low 3.7±0.7 but the levels of  WBCs  was higher in β- thalassemic children 10.4±1.67, several types of bacterial specious were isolated included  Staphylococcus aureus 30% (12 patients) , Escherichia coli 25%(10 patients) , Streptococcus pneumoniae 17.5% (7 patients), Salmonella enteritidis 10% (4 patients), Serratia  marcescens  7.5% (3 patients), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 5%(2 patients), Klebsiella pneumoniae 2.5%(1 patients) and Haemophilus influenza 2.5%(1patients).  Conclusion: The alteration in serum immunoglobulins and complements levels in thalassemia major children probably can be due to marked heterogeneity of the patients,

Experimental characterization of anti-icing system and accretion of re-emitted droplets on turbojet engine blades

In the framework of STORM, a European project dedicated to icing physics in aircraft engines, a cascade rig representative of an anti-iced engine inlet was tested in icing conditions. This mock-up integrates two rows of vanes, the upstream one being anti-iced using an Electro-Thermal Ice Protection System (ET-IPS). Experimental tests were performed to reproduce the following phenomena: runback water and droplet re-emission from anti-iced vanes, and accretion of re-emitted droplets on downstream vanes. A complete experimental database was generated, including the characterization of ice accretion shapes, and the characterization of electro-thermal anti-icing system (power limit for apparition of the runback water or ice accretion). In the current study, these data are compared to droplet trajectory simulation and ice accretion simulation results, for validating icing tools in engine environment. Influence of one-step and multi-step approaches have been investigated

TFE3 Translocation-Associated Renal Cell Carcinoma Presenting as Avascular Necrosis of the Femur in a 19-Year-Old Patient: Case Report and Review of the Literature

In the United States, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 3% of adult malignancies and 90–95% of all neoplasms arising from the kidney. According to the National Cancer Institute, 58 240 new cases and 13 040 deaths from renal cancer will occur in 2010. RCC usually occurs in older adults between the ages of 50 and 70 and is rare in young adults and children. We describe a case of a TFE3 translocation-associated RCC in a 19-year-old patient presenting as avascular necrosis of the femur. Due to the rarity of this malignancy, we present this case including a review of the existing literature relative to diagnosis and treatment

Differences between blood and cerebrospinal fluid glial fibrillary Acidic protein levels: The effect of sample stability

Introduction: Recent evidence has shown that the marker of reactive astrogliosis, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), has a stronger relationship with cerebral amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology in blood than in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This study investigates if pre-analytical treatment of blood and CSF contribute to these unexpected findings. Methods: Paired CSF and serum samples from 49 individuals (Aβ-negative = 28; Aβ-positive = 21) underwent a series of seven freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs). All samples were analyzed for GFAP and neurofilament light (NfL) using single molecule array technology including a fresh unfrozen sample from each patient. Results: FTC significantly affected CSF GFAP concentration (−188.12 pg/ml per FTC) but not serum GFAP. In the same samples, NfL remained stable. Serum GFAP had a higher discrimination of Aβ burden than CSF GFAP, irrespective of FTC, which also included unfrozen samples. Discussion: This study demonstrates large stability differences of GFAP in CSF and serum. However, this disparity does not seem to fully explain the stronger association of serum GFAP with Aβ pathology. Further work should investigate mechanisms of GFAP release into the bloodstream under pathological conditions