The Abbasid palace an analytical study of its wall-ornaments

Most researchers differ in their attitude towards the building inside Baghdad Citadel which used to be called “al-Ma’mun Palace”. Some scholars have given it the name “Abbasid Palace” implying that it was where a Caliph used to live. No ancient historical books mention Palace, or discuss it from the artistic point of view. The first chapter gives a general historical survey, to throw light on some of the buildings periods which preceded the construction of the ‘Abbasid Palace. In the second chapter a description is given of the plan of the building itself, which is compared with similar plans of other buildings in Islamic countries. In this chapter is also given a description of the ornament called muqarnasat (which used to be called stalactite). A comparison is made between this ornament in the Palace with that in other contemporary buildings. In the third chapter analytical studies are offered of the wall ornaments; discussing in detail the most important elements of design used in ornament throughout Islamic art and architecture; the particular connexions between those in the Abbasid Palace and in the other contemporary buildings are elucidated, as well as the history of the elements themselves in the Islamic and pre-Islamic world. The conclusion demonstrates both the period of the erection of the Abbasid Palace and the purpose it was designed to serve

An Integrated Firewall System Model In A Multiclient-Server Environment

As the Internet grows, and the use of computers is getting more common, the need to secure networks and protect them from the Internet, while still being able to access it, is increasing. The easiest way to achieve a lot of this protection is through firewalls. Firewall technology is the most widely deployed security technology on the Internet. Firewalls have been around for several years. They are a fact of life on the Internet and it is not likely they will disappear in the future. Ongoing development and research in the field of firewall technology have shown a continually addition of features and services to conventional firewall systems.This thesis introduces a new concept for applying the security policy rules by both firewall administrators and users. The proposed firewall system solves some known problems which arise with the use of conventional firewalls residing at the networks perimeter. The developed firewall system integrates the main network firewall and the second-line firewalls into one system by the use of client/server technology to facilitate firewall configuration in a way that affords more convenience to users providing the new integrated firewall using multiclient-server scheme. It centralizes security functions in a single point, simplifying configuration and administration. The new system makes it easier to configure and administrate a firewall in a way in which it is not a source of annoyance to users which offering them higher level of flexibility by giving them the chance to participate in the process of configuration of the firewall using the client side of the system and without affecting the network security policy. It also makes the progress of configuration and administration of the firewall system smoother by reducing the administrator efforts to maintain the system. Good results have been achieved by using the program package. Results show that this system helps keeping the network traffic as low as possible, increasing the efficiency of the network and reducing the threats of malicious data passing in the network. It reduces the efforts and cost of overall system administration and maintenance as well. In addition, it affords users a system which is acceptable and preferable more than conventional firewall systems

Numerical Modeling of Flood Wave Behavior with Meandering Effects (Euphrates River, Haditha-Hit)

A numerical model for routing of flood wave in a part of meandering river is presented. It is based on a modified form of the complete one-dimensional Saint- Venant equations of unsteady flow. These equations were modified such that flows in the meandering river channel, left over bank flood plain, and right over bank flood plain were all identified separately. Thus, the differences in hydraulic and geometric properties and flow-path distances were considered for all three divisions of the valley cross-section. This development differs from conventional one-dimensional treatment of unsteady flows in rivers with flood plain wherein the flow is either averaged across the total cross-sectional area (channel and flood plain) or the flood plain is treated as off-channel storage, and the reach lengths of the channel and flood plain are assumed to be identical. The weighted four-point implicit finite difference method is selected to solve a modified Sain-Venant equations for its versatility and computing efficiency. The numerical model was applied to the Euphrates river at the reach between Haditha dam and Hit city along (124.4 km) to make a sensitivity analysis of the following parameters: maximum flood wave discharge, maximum flood wave elevation, lag time of the peak discharge, lag time of the peak level, and time of arrival of flood wave to a seven major cities along the Euphrates river in a case study and comparing it with a same parameters produced when a conventional one-dimensional treatment of unsteady flows in river with flood plains where the meandering in river is neglected

The Hydraulic and Environmental operation for the Main Outfall Drain, Ad Dalmaj Lake and Al Hammar Marsh System

Iraqi Marshlands which are located within the southern part of Iraq were dried after 1991. The dried marshes were re-flooded after year 2003. Because of the shortage of water that feeds the marshes during the last years, these marshes began to dry again. Therefore, finding new feeding sources became very necessary matter. The Main Outfall Drain, MOD, is suggested to be one of these sources to feed Al Hammar Marsh during the dry water years. Ad Dalmaj Lake which is located upstream of Al Hammar Marsh is mainly feeding by the MOD water and then the outfall of this lake is discharge again into the MOD. Therefore, the hydrological operation of this lake and then the quantity and quality of the outflow water from this lake into the MOD affected the water quality of Al Hammar Marsh when using the MOD water to feed the marsh. A hydrological and water quality routing model was prepared based on mass conservation low, mass balance model, and two scenarios were applied for Ad Dalmaj Lake feeding, constant inflow with variable outflow and constant outflow with variable inflow, based on the incoming and outgoing discharges. Each scenario includes six cases of lake maximum inundation area; 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60% and minimum inundation. For each case the inundation area varied with respect to the ET0 variation from minimum area during the month of maximum ET0 to maximum area, of this case, during the month of minimum ET0. TDS concentration was used as a measure of the salinity of the water because it fairly indicates the level of salinity problem. The variation of inflow and outflows discharges, water level, lake and marsh area, storage volume, and the water salinity within the lake and marsh were Results of applying these models with these flow scenarios and inundation cases show that the water salinity within Ad Dalmaj Lake and Al Hammar Marsh was out of the acceptable range of international standards for most of the studied cases. While for other cases it was unpalatable for drinking, several restrictions must be imposed when used for irrigation to prevent salts effects on crops, soil, and ground water, and not acceptable for livestock and unfit for poultry in most of the months during two operation years and in some months in the beginning of the first year, the water can be used for growing livestock and poultry

Dynamique du disque galactique à l'ère de Gaia : fonctions de distribution perturbées en présence de non-axisymétries

This thesis aimed to establish dynamical models of the Milky Way, taking into account the perturbations of its stellar disc. The recent data provided by the Gaia mission call for new methods to address this problem : a suitable framework to test the models of the Galaxy, encompassing the galactic bar and the spiral arms, is the objective of this theoretical work. I set out to recalculate the set of predictions of a perturbed distribution function in six-dimensions in the phase space outside the resonant zones and predicting the location of the resonant zones. We also considered the response of the distribution function under a time-dependent perturbation. My major result is that I was able to show that the locations of the resonances are shifted to lower azimuthal velocities when moving away in the vertical direction of the plane of the Galaxy, which was not well accounted for in the epicyclic approximation. Thus, the position of the moving groups in the uv plane as a function of the height z above the Galactic plane can be a powerful way of constraining the 3D structure of the Galactic potential as well as the resonances at the origin of these observed moving groups.Cette thèse se proposait d’établir des modèles dynamiques de la Voie lactée, en prenant en compte les perturbations de son disque stellaire. Les données récentes fournies par la mission Gaia appellent de nouvelles méthodes pour aborder ce problème : un cadre adéquat pour tester les modèles de la Galaxie, englobant la barre galactique et les bras spiraux, constitue l’objectif de ce travail théorique. Je me suis attelé à recalculer l’ensemble des prédictions d’une fonction de distribution perturbées en six-dimensions dans l’espace des phases hors des zones résonnantes et en prédisant l’emplacement des zones résonnantes. Nous avons également considéré la réponse de la fonction de distribution dans le cadre d’une perturbation dépendante du temps. Mon résultat majeur est que j’ai pu montrer que les emplacements des résonances sont déplacés vers des vitesses azimutales plus faibles lorsque l’on s’éloigne dans le direction verticale du plan de la Galaxie, ce qu’on n’arrivait pas à bien prendre en compte dans l’approximation épicyclique. Ainsi, la position des groupes mobiles dans le plan des vitesses uv en fonction de la hauteur z au-dessus du plan Galactique peut être un moyen puissant de contraindre la structure 3D du potentiel Galactique ainsi que les résonances à l’origine de ces groupes mobiles observés

Dynamique du disque galactique à l'ère de Gaia : fonctions de distribution perturbées en présence de non-axisymétries

This thesis aimed to establish dynamical models of the Milky Way, taking into account the perturbations of its stellar disc. The recent data provided by the Gaia mission call for new methods to address this problem : a suitable framework to test the models of the Galaxy, encompassing the galactic bar and the spiral arms, is the objective of this theoretical work. I set out to recalculate the set of predictions of a perturbed distribution function in six-dimensions in the phase space outside the resonant zones and predicting the location of the resonant zones. We also considered the response of the distribution function under a time-dependent perturbation. My major result is that I was able to show that the locations of the resonances are shifted to lower azimuthal velocities when moving away in the vertical direction of the plane of the Galaxy, which was not well accounted for in the epicyclic approximation. Thus, the position of the moving groups in the uv plane as a function of the height z above the Galactic plane can be a powerful way of constraining the 3D structure of the Galactic potential as well as the resonances at the origin of these observed moving groups.Cette thèse se proposait d’établir des modèles dynamiques de la Voie lactée, en prenant en compte les perturbations de son disque stellaire. Les données récentes fournies par la mission Gaia appellent de nouvelles méthodes pour aborder ce problème : un cadre adéquat pour tester les modèles de la Galaxie, englobant la barre galactique et les bras spiraux, constitue l’objectif de ce travail théorique. Je me suis attelé à recalculer l’ensemble des prédictions d’une fonction de distribution perturbées en six-dimensions dans l’espace des phases hors des zones résonnantes et en prédisant l’emplacement des zones résonnantes. Nous avons également considéré la réponse de la fonction de distribution dans le cadre d’une perturbation dépendante du temps. Mon résultat majeur est que j’ai pu montrer que les emplacements des résonances sont déplacés vers des vitesses azimutales plus faibles lorsque l’on s’éloigne dans le direction verticale du plan de la Galaxie, ce qu’on n’arrivait pas à bien prendre en compte dans l’approximation épicyclique. Ainsi, la position des groupes mobiles dans le plan des vitesses uv en fonction de la hauteur z au-dessus du plan Galactique peut être un moyen puissant de contraindre la structure 3D du potentiel Galactique ainsi que les résonances à l’origine de ces groupes mobiles observés

Dynamique du disque galactique à l'ère de Gaia : fonctions de distribution perturbées en présence de non-axisymétries

Cette thèse se proposait d’établir des modèles dynamiques de la Voie lactée, en prenant en compte les perturbations de son disque stellaire. Les données récentes fournies par la mission Gaia appellent de nouvelles méthodes pour aborder ce problème : un cadre adéquat pour tester les modèles de la Galaxie, englobant la barre galactique et les bras spiraux, constitue l’objectif de ce travail théorique. Je me suis attelé à recalculer l’ensemble des prédictions d’une fonction de distribution perturbées en six-dimensions dans l’espace des phases hors des zones résonnantes et en prédisant l’emplacement des zones résonnantes. Nous avons également considéré la réponse de la fonction de distribution dans le cadre d’une perturbation dépendante du temps. Mon résultat majeur est que j’ai pu montrer que les emplacements des résonances sont déplacés vers des vitesses azimutales plus faibles lorsque l’on s’éloigne dans le direction verticale du plan de la Galaxie, ce qu’on n’arrivait pas à bien prendre en compte dans l’approximation épicyclique. Ainsi, la position des groupes mobiles dans le plan des vitesses uv en fonction de la hauteur z au-dessus du plan Galactique peut être un moyen puissant de contraindre la structure 3D du potentiel Galactique ainsi que les résonances à l’origine de ces groupes mobiles observés.This thesis aimed to establish dynamical models of the Milky Way, taking into account the perturbations of its stellar disc. The recent data provided by the Gaia mission call for new methods to address this problem : a suitable framework to test the models of the Galaxy, encompassing the galactic bar and the spiral arms, is the objective of this theoretical work. I set out to recalculate the set of predictions of a perturbed distribution function in six-dimensions in the phase space outside the resonant zones and predicting the location of the resonant zones. We also considered the response of the distribution function under a time-dependent perturbation. My major result is that I was able to show that the locations of the resonances are shifted to lower azimuthal velocities when moving away in the vertical direction of the plane of the Galaxy, which was not well accounted for in the epicyclic approximation. Thus, the position of the moving groups in the uv plane as a function of the height z above the Galactic plane can be a powerful way of constraining the 3D structure of the Galactic potential as well as the resonances at the origin of these observed moving groups