The impact of compost and expanded perlite on soil physical properties and water productivity under different irrigation practices

Finding an appropriate field management strategy for improving crop and water production becomes an imperious necessity because of the irrigation water deficiency in most of the agricultural fields in Iraq. Studying the response of soil properties to the applied soil amendments represents one of the critical parameters in agricultural field management for improving crop production and water use efficiency of Iraqi strategic crops. The effect of soil amendments (compost = 7.5 t/ha and perlite/0.1% Polyvinyl alcohol = 0.25 t/ha) on the water use efficiency and crop production under three levels of water depletion (30, 50, and 70%) of the available soil water was examined for wheat and barley crops. The study was applied under the sprinkler irrigation system. The experimental design was RCBD within 6 treatments and 3 replications for each wheat and barley. The results show that the soil amendments of expanded perlite and compost exhibit an improvement in the soil properties of soil bulk density and soil water content. Soil amendments, especially, the expanded perlite improved the crop yield and water use efficiency under all irrigation levels. The effect of expanded perlite shows the maximum effect on barley production under the 50% irrigation level with 3500 kg/ha. The irrigation level of 70% could be a worth-able management strategy if it is associated with the soil amendments of compost and expanded perlite. As a result, the effectiveness of expanded perlite increased with the increase in the drought of Iraqi soil

Evaluation of Nurses’ Attitudes toward Human Immuno Deficiency

Background: HIV nursing protocols, including rapid HIV testing, face weaknesses such as improper data collection and ambiguity. To reduce stigmatization, interventions should promote the adoption of nursing practices that influence stigmatization experiences. The International Nursing Network for HIV Research recommends collaboration, global partnerships, and scientific work to increase nurses\u27 impact in HIV research. Nurses\u27 experiences with HIV/AIDS patients can impact their health and the spread of the virus. Barriers to HIV treatment include lack of knowledge, demotivation, resistance, and lack of adherence to treatment guidelines. Nurse involvement in HIV prevention is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Objective(s): This study aims to evaluate nurses\u27 attitudes toward human Immuno deficiency. Methodology: A quasi-experimental design was conducted in 7 January 2024 to 7 May 2024, The study at Al Musayyib General Hospital in Babylon, Iraq, involved 100 nursing professionals in a health education program. The program aimed to improve nurses\u27 understanding and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS. The program\u27s effectiveness was assessed through questionnaires.  Results: The study found that nurses aged 23-less than 30 years, predominantly female, had moderate attitudes towards the human immunodeficiency virus. However, there was no significant relationship between nurses\u27 attitudes and sociodemographic variables or professional variables such as education, years of experience, knowledge development, or participation in training courses. The majority of nurses were urban residents. Conclusion: Healthcare professionals should therefore follow national infection prevention guidelines when working in hospitals. To increase nurses\u27 understanding and proficiency in this area, policy designers ought to train them in infection prevention. Further research should include a qualitative study in order to obtain more detailed information. Recommendation: Institutions may enhance their knowledge of HIV care practices by conducting frequent training sessions for nursing staff, personalizing instructional materials, gauging and reviewing attitude levels, encouraging peer learning, and expanding the scope of research. In order to provide effective HIV care, this will assist nurses in expanding their knowledge and adjusting their attitude

Estimation of some Immunological Factors in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم بعض معايير المناعة الخلوية لمرضى التدرن الرئوي من خلال تقدير مستويات الانترلوكينات IFN-γ )وIL-10و( IL-12   وتقدير فيتامين. D3  تم خلال الدراسة جمع عينات الدم من 50 مريضا بالتدرن الرئوي من المراجعات الى العيادة الاستشارية للأمراض الصدرية في الحلة -محافظة بابل خلال الفترة مابين شهر شباط 2016 إلى شباط 2017. ومن بين مرضى التدرن الرئوي، كان هناك 27 ذكور و23 إناث، وعمر المرضى يتراوح بين 12-80 عاما. تم قياس السايتوكينات وفيتامين D3باستخدام تقنية الاليزا. أظهر متوسط ​​تركيز مصل الدم IL-10  وIL-12 أن هناك زيادة معنوية (p˂ 0.05) في مرضى التدرن الرئوي بالمقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة (4.024 و1.049) بغ / مل , (51.563 و13.514) بغ / مل على التوالي.  في حين لم يظهر متوسط ​​تركيز مصل IFN-γ زيادة معنوية (p˃0.05) في مرضى التدرن الرئوي مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة (36.505 و25.019) بغ / مل. أظهر متوسط ​​تركيز مصل الدم ل VD3 انخفاضا معنويا (p ˂ 0.05) في مرضى التدرن الرئوي مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة (18.186 و29.321) نغ/ لThis study aimed to assess the status of cell mediated immunity for pulmonary tuberculosis patients through evaluation levels of Interleukins (IFN-γ ,IL-10, IL-12) and estimation vitamin D3 . Whole blood samples collected from 50 pulmonary tuberculosis patients who are admitted to consultant clinic for respiratory diseases in Hilla – Babylon province during the period from February 2016 to February 2017. Out of the pTB patients, there were 27 males and 23 females, the patients age range was between 12-80 years. Cytokines levels and vitamin D3 estimated by using ELISA technique. The mean of serum concentration of IL-10  and IL-12 revealed that there is a significantly increased (p˂ 0.05) in pulmonary tuberculosis patients as compared to controls (4.024 and 1.049)pg/ml (51.563 and 13.514) pg/ml ,respectively. While, the mean of serum concentration of IFN-γ showed no significant increasing (p˃0.05) in pulmonary tuberculosis patients compared to controls (36.505 and 25.019)pg/ml.  The mean of serum concentration of VD3 showed a significant decreasing (p˂ 0.05) in pulmonary tuberculosis patients as compared to controls (18.186 and 29.321) ng/ml. Conclusions: The results provide a good correlation between the levels of  IL-10 , IL-12, IFN-γ and Vitamin D3 with the cellular immunity against pulmonary tuberculosis

The Concept of Love between Philosophy and Sufism in the Arab Theater

تتنوع مفاهيم الحب في الحياة الانسانية ما بين الذوات جميعها وتشمل صفات الحب وادواته والمفاهيم القريبة منه ان كان ذلك روحيا متصوفا او سلوكيا واقعيا ما بين الحبيب وحبيبته. يضمن البحث اربعة فصول يتضمن(الفصل الاول الاطار المنهجي)، مشكلة البحث المتمركزة بالاستفهام الآتي: ما هي المنطلقات الفكرية والروحية لمفهوم الحب في النص المسرحي العربي؟، بينما تجلت أهمية البحث بوصفه دراسة ترسخ اسس وقيم وفلسفة مفهوم الحب في النص المسرحي العربي ويهدف البحث الى التعرف على فلسفة الحب سلوكيًا وروحيًا في متن النص المسرحي العربي. أما حدود البحث فقد اختار الباحث زمنيا عقدا من (1995-1998) لثلاث بلدان مختلفة واختتم الفصل بالتعريف الاجرائي للبحث،اما (الفصل الثاني الاطار النظري) فقد ضم مبحثين ومؤشرات الاطار النظري الاول منها الحب في الاديان السماوية، اما الثاني فقد تناول الحب بين الفلسفة والتصوف عند كل من الغزالي وابن عربي وابن حزم، اما (الفصل الثالث اجراءات البحث) فقد ضم مجتمع البحث وعينته التي قام الباحث باختيارها بصورة قصدية بما يتوافق مع موضوع بحثه ومشكلته وهدفه واعتمد الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي كمنهجية بحث واستند على مؤشرات الاطار النظري كأداة لبحثه لتحليل عينته وختامها نتائج البحث (بالفصل الرابع) واهمها استخدم الكاتب المسرحي اللغة النثرية للتفاهم والتواصل مع الذوات لمفهوم الحب السلوكي والواقعي واحيانا يستخدم اللغة الشعرية من ابيات للتحاور الروحي الصوفي.The concepts of love in human life vary among all the subjects including the characteristics of love, its tools, and related concepts, whether this is spiritual, Sufi, or realistic, between the lover and his beloved. The research contains four sections: section one presents the methodological framework, the research problem which rests on: “What are the intellectual and spiritual principles of the concept of love in the Arabic theatrical text?” While the importance of the research lies in establishing the foundations, values ​​and philosophy of the concept of love in the Arab theatrical text. The research aims to identify the philosophy of love behaviorally and spiritually in the body of the Arab theatrical text. As for the limits, a decade from (1995-1998) for three different countries is chosen. Section two includes two subsections related to the indicators of the theoretical framework, the first of which is love in the divine religions, while the second deals with the love in philosophy and mysticism according to Al-Ghazali, Ibn Arabi and Ibn Hazm. Section Three includes the research community which is chosen intentionally in accordance with the topic of the research. The research adopts the descriptive and analytical approach as a research methodology and is based on the indicators of the theoretical framework as a tool for the research to analyze the sample and arrives at the research results. Section four tackles the playwright's use of prose used for understanding and communicating behavioral and realistic love and sometimes poetic language is also used for Sufi spiritual dialogue

Sustainable environment through using porous materials:a review on wastewater treatment

Porous materials play an important role in creating a sustainable environment by improving wastewater treatment's efficacy. Porous materials, including adsorbents or ion exchangers, catalysts, metal–organic frameworks, composites, carbon materials, and membranes, have widespread applications in treating wastewater and air pollution. This review examines recent developments in porous materials, focusing on their effectiveness for different wastewater pollutants. Specifically, they can treat a wide range of water contaminants, and many remove over 95% of targeted contaminants. Recent advancements include a wider range of adsorption options, heterogeneous catalysis, a new UV/H2O2 procedure, ion exchange, Fenton oxidation, membrane activities, ozonation, membrane bioreactor, electrochemical treatment, wet air oxidation, and a carbon capture methodology utilizing various porous materials. A particular focus for innovative research is on developing technologies to synthesize porous materials and assess their performance in removing various pollutants from wastewater at varying experimental conditions. Porous materials can be essential in designing wastewater treatment systems to address the critical environmental issues of water stress and safe drinking water worldwide.</p

Sustainable environment through using porous materials:a review on wastewater treatment

Porous materials play an important role in creating a sustainable environment by improving wastewater treatment's efficacy. Porous materials, including adsorbents or ion exchangers, catalysts, metal–organic frameworks, composites, carbon materials, and membranes, have widespread applications in treating wastewater and air pollution. This review examines recent developments in porous materials, focusing on their effectiveness for different wastewater pollutants. Specifically, they can treat a wide range of water contaminants, and many remove over 95% of targeted contaminants. Recent advancements include a wider range of adsorption options, heterogeneous catalysis, a new UV/H2O2 procedure, ion exchange, Fenton oxidation, membrane activities, ozonation, membrane bioreactor, electrochemical treatment, wet air oxidation, and a carbon capture methodology utilizing various porous materials. A particular focus for innovative research is on developing technologies to synthesize porous materials and assess their performance in removing various pollutants from wastewater at varying experimental conditions. Porous materials can be essential in designing wastewater treatment systems to address the critical environmental issues of water stress and safe drinking water worldwide.</p

Sedimentology, Palynofacies, and Hydrocarbon Potential of the Early Cretaceous Sarmord Formation from Khabbaz and Kirkuk Oil Fields, Northern Iraq

The Early Cretaceous Sarmord Formation of northern Iraq has been studied from two subsurface sections, Kirkuk Oil Field (well K-229) and Khabbaz Oil Field (well KH-14), through petrographic, palynolofacies and organic geochemical analyses. The study reveals presence of two groups of microfacies settings. The first is the inner ramp, and the second represents the middle to outer ramp setting. The palynofacies study indicates that the amorphous organic matter is the predominant components (87-96%), followed by phytoclasts (3-11%) and palynomorphs (0-3 %). One main palynofacies type has been identified, which includes three secondary palynofacies types (PF1 A, PF1B, and PF1C) and refers to suboxic to anoxic basin condition. Thermal alteration index measured for the KH-14 well, indicated an immature to mature (TAI= 2, +2, 3) level, while, for the K-229 well mostly immature (TAI= -2, 2). The Rock-Eval analysis indicates that the TOC wt.% content of the samples range between 0.11% and 0.82% (average 0.29%) and 0.17% and 0.56% (average 0.35%) for K-229 well and KH-14 well, respectively. The Tmax values show that the most of analyzed samples of the both sections located in the immature zone, while the few samples from K-229 refer to mature zone. Another immature stage evidence is the shape of pyrograms with minor S1 and the large S2 peak, Tmax value less than 435°C, and PI around 1.0; all these criteria support the immature stage for these rock samples