SELECTION AND EVALUATION OF FOUR NOVEL NITROGEN REDUCTION PROBIOTICS ON GUT MICROFLORA, NITROGEN UTILIZATION, AND BROILER PERFORMANCE

The ruminal microorganisms are an excellent example of how the body adapts to different feeding sources on its own initiative. The ruminants, in contrast to monogastric creatures such as chickens, create an ideal environment for a group of microorganisms in the rumen compartment, which then uses their powers of cellulose digestion and nitrogen conversion to allow them to use the forge more efficiently than their monogastric counterparts, such as cattle (Davis, 1973; Wu, 1993). While the rumen microorganisms' nitrogen utilization is estimated to be greater than 67% of non-protein nitrogen (Firkins et al., 2007), the poultry nitrogen emission is estimated to be greater than 27 % of total emission (Battye et al., 1994). Based on that, the idea of presenting some nitrogen assimilation bacteria to broiler chickens was shaped to reduce the nitrogen emissions associated with poultry production. This study aims to investigate the effect of the bacteria strains Selenomonas ruminantium, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens A38, Ruminococcus albus strain 7, and Bacteroides ruminocola subsp. brevis B14 (new name Prevotella bryantii B14), on the broiler performance, dietary amino acids from bacterial protein availability, and the broiler gut microflora in three separate experiments. The first experiment was in vitro, the second experiment was in vivo, and the third was a bioinformatics experiment. To evaluate the effect of those novel probiotics on the broiler performance, nitrogen utilization, and the broiler cecal microflora's microbial diversity, richness, evenness, and composition. The results showed that the R. albus 7 had the highest nitrogen utilization (P > 0.05) in the first experiment, the highest BWG (P > 0.05), slightly the lowest FCR, slightly the lower nitrogen emission, slightly the higher body N/ feed N ratio, and slightly lower FC N/ feed N ratio in the second experiment. R. albus 7 treatment showed no significant effect on the broiler cecal microflora's microbial diversity, richness, evenness, and composition in the bioinformatic study in the third experiment. Based on these results, it was concluded that R. albus 7 is a potential novel nitrogen reduction probiotic