The Role of Plasmids in Pathogenicity of Locally Isolated Plesiomonas shigelloides

one hundred and twenty diarrhea samples were collected from different hospitals in Baghdad, four isolates 3.3% (P1, P2, P3, P4) were obtained and identified as Plesiomonas shigelloides from these samples. Four isolates were also obtained and identified as the same bacteria from the environmental samples, two isolates 10% from twenty water samples (termed W1, W2) and two isolates 10% from twenty fish samples (termed F1, F2). Investigation of antibiotic susceptibility was done for all isolates. Some of the virulence factors were determined in this bacterium, like its ability to produce some enzymes. Ability of bacterial isolates to adhesion on epithelial cells was studied as one of important virulence factors; it was found that all isolates have the ability to adhesion on living and non-living surfaces. The plasmid profile for all isolates was studied, and the results showed that the plasmid profile was similar for all isolates. All isolates contained two small plasmid DNA bands approximately in the same sizes. The role of plasmids in pathogenicity of P. shigelloides P1 were studied, throughout cure this isolate using SDS. These results indicated that the trait of β-lactamas, haemolysin and proteinase production in addition to resistance trait for tetracycline and streptomycin were plasmids born. While the lipase and lecithinase production trait were chromosomal born in Plesiomonas shigelloides P1

THE PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES OF PROCYANIDINE ISOLATED FROM CRATAEGUS AZAROLUS (IRAQI ENDOGENOUS)

ABSTRACT Procyanidine was isolated and identified from fruit of Crataegus azarolus (Iraqi endogenous). In vitro and in vivo pharmacological actions of procyanidine were studied. Toxicological and histopathological studies of procyanidne on the mice indicated its safety. The LD 50 of procyanidine estimated to be about 100mg/kg. No antibacterial and antiinflammatory effects were seen with procyanidine. The antagonistic effect of procyanidine on the adenosine receptor was observed on the isolated jejunum of the rabbit. Procyanidine produced quite clear positive inotropic effect on the isolated, stimulated left atrium and papillary muscle of the rabbit, without any significant effects on the heart rate and blood pressure of experimental rats. Also procyanidine produced marked diuretic and natriuretic effects without any significant actions on the potassium excretion in the rat (16mg/kg I:V) and volunteers healthy subjects (50mg orally). The positive inotropic and diuretic actions of procynidine, most probably, are related to its antagonistic effects on the adenosine (Al) receptors. These dual (positive inotropic and diuretic) effects of procyanidine make it a good drug for the treatment of congestive heart failure

The Role of Plasmids in Pathogenicity of Locally Isolated Plesiomonas shigelloides

one hundred and twenty diarrhea samples were collected from different hospitals in Baghdad, four isolates 3.3% (P1, P2, P3, P4) were obtained and identified as Plesiomonas shigelloides from these samples. Four isolates were also obtained and identified as the same bacteria from the environmental samples, two isolates 10% from twenty water samples (termed W1, W2) and two isolates 10% from twenty fish samples (termed F1, F2). Investigation of antibiotic susceptibility was done for all isolates. Some of the virulence factors were determined in this bacterium, like its ability to produce some enzymes. Ability of bacterial isolates to adhesion on epithelial cells was studied as one of important virulence factors; it was found that all isolates have the ability to adhesion on living and non-living surfaces. The plasmid profile for all isolates was studied, and the results showed that the plasmid profile was similar for all isolates. All isolates contained two small plasmid DNA bands approximately in the same sizes. The role of plasmids in pathogenicity of P. shigelloides P1 were studied, throughout cure this isolate using SDS. These results indicated that the trait of β-lactamas, haemolysin and proteinase production in addition to resistance trait for tetracycline and streptomycin were plasmids born. While the lipase and lecithinase production trait were chromosomal born in Plesiomonas shigelloides P1.</jats:p

Natural Product Chemistry Research in Iraq

Abstract  Today's west an east scientists developed synthetic drugs but because of problems of the side effects and high cost in addition to resistant developed which not happened in using natural drugs this push the scientist in all over the world to look for new drugs from natural compounds. In Iraq. Since 1980 up today we started a plan led by scientist in Chemistry ,Pharmacology, Physician ,Biology in all universities &amp; medical research centers and we started to develop anew methods for extraction ,isolation,identication of active constituent and trying the active constituent biologicaly and Pharmacologicaly in invitro and invivo on experimental animals . We started screening of more than thousand plants which indigenous in Iraq and take the knowledge from folkloric physician and old information about these from ancient books and references we found around two hundred promising plants we developed methods of extraction , isolation using chromatography and trying to evaluate their efficacy .We managed to prepare drugs to treat warts from ficus caria vitexin from cratagus azorolus, prosoptatin anew antihyperlipidemic drug from prosopis farcta etc. A new method of isolation and identification by new phytochemical methods and new experimental tool for each active constituent are as example how to separate alkaloids, cardiac glycosides inotropic agents , polyphenoles etc. In addition to bacteriological ,toxi-pathological methods then pass to prepare anew natural drugs prepared with highly sophisticated methods and with highly efficiency which may be better than synthetic drugs and more safe .</jats:p

Natural Product Chemistry Research in Iraq

Abstract &nbsp;Today's west an east scientists developed synthetic drugs but because of problems of the side effects and high cost in addition to resistant developed which not happened in using natural drugs this push the scientist in all over the world to look for new drugs from natural compounds. In Iraq. Since 1980 up today we started a plan led by scientist in Chemistry ,Pharmacology, Physician ,Biology in all universities &amp; medical research centers and we started to develop anew methods for extraction ,isolation,identication of active constituent and trying the active constituent biologicaly and Pharmacologicaly in invitro and invivo on experimental animals . We started screening of more than thousand plants which indigenous in Iraq and take the knowledge from folkloric physician and old information about these from ancient books and references we found around two hundred promising plants we developed methods of extraction , isolation using chromatography and trying to evaluate their efficacy .We managed to prepare drugs to treat warts from ficus caria vitexin from cratagus azorolus, prosoptatin anew antihyperlipidemic drug from prosopis farcta etc. A new method of isolation and identification by new phytochemical methods and new experimental tool for each active constituent are as example how to separate alkaloids, cardiac glycosides inotropic agents , polyphenoles etc. In addition to bacteriological ,toxi-pathological methods then pass to prepare anew natural drugs prepared with highly sophisticated methods and with highly efficiency which may be better than synthetic drugs and more safe

Vitexin Anew Antihypertensive Drug (Isolated from prosopis farcta [Iraq endogenus] plants)

Vitexin was isolated and identified from pods of prosopis farcta (Iraqi endogenous). In vitro and in vivo cardiovascular actions of vitexin were studied. Vitexin produced positive inotropic effect which was not related to B1 adrenergic receptor activation. Vitexin has a vasodilator activities and it could reverse thevasoconstrictor response of isolated pulmonary artery to potassium chloride and phenylphrine. Vitexin has produced a significant increase in ejection fraction in volunteers with mild heart failure. Also vitexin has produced a significant increase in urinary flow and urinary sodium and potassium excretions in healthy and mild hypertensive volunteers, it’s significantly reduced mean arterial blood pressure of the mild hypertensive volunteers. The positive inotropic effect of vitexin is most properly related to the inhibition of phosphodiesterase enzyme by vitexin. The vasodilator activities of vitexin could be mostly associated to the increase in cGMP (attributed to phosphodiesterase inhibitory effect of vitexin) and the activation of K+-channels. The diuretic effects of vitexin could be attributed to the inhibition of Na-Cl symporter system in the renal distal tubule. The most likely mechanisms of action of vitexin as a hypotensive compound are through its vasodilator and diuretic effects. So this agent could be a best new antihypertensive drug compared with present antihypertensive drugs which are in the market now. In addition to that vitexin can be used in heart failure as cardiotonic dru