Improving The Efficiency Of Video Transmission In Computer Networks

In-depth examination of current techniques for enhancing the efficiency of video transmission over digital networks is provided in this study. Due to the growing need for high-quality video content, optimizing video transmission is an important area of research. This review categorizes and in-depth examines a range of methods proposed in the literature to enhance video transmission effectiveness. ABR, DNN architecture, adaptive streaming, Quality of Service (QoS), error resilience, congestion control, video compression, and hardware acceleration for video provisioning are just a few of the cutting-edge techniques that are covered in the discussion, which ranges from the more traditional to the cutting-edge. This essay provides a methodical evaluation of the numerous tactics that are available, along with an analysis of their guiding principles, advantages, and disadvantages. The paper also offers a comparative analysis of various approaches, highlighting trends, gaps, and potential future research directions in this crucial domain, all of which help to create more efficient video compression and transmission paradigms in computer networks

HIGH PRESSURE CO2/N2 AND CO2/CH4 SEPARATION USING DENSE POLYSULFONE SUPPORTED IONIC LIQUID MEMBRANES (DPSILMS)

The separation of carbon dioxide from different sources (e.g. natural gas, flue gas, etc.) has become an important area of research. Some conventional methods of CO2 separation were used over the years including adsorption (with porous solids), absorption (with amines), cryogenic separation and membranes. Amongst these technologies, Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes (SILMs) technology has been developed in the past few years and became one of the promising techniques in CO2 separation from gas streams. SILMs technology combines the advantages of both membranes and ionic liquids (ILs) hence it has become an interest of many recent studies. Most of the synthesized SILMs in literature uses porous membranes to support the ionic liquids. Although these SILMs achieve high permeability of CO2, the separation selectivity to the other gas is very low due to the high permeance of the other gas. Another drawback of porous SILMs is the membrane failure with high pressures due to ionic liquid loss through the pores of the support membrane. In this work, we look alternative solutions to overcome these disadvantages by synthesizing SILMs using dense (non-porous) polymeric support by which limiting or eliminating ILs loss through the membrane and increase the selectivity of CO2 separation. Four types of ionic liquids (ILs) were blended with polysulfone (PSF) to produce functional dense polymeric-supported ionic liquid membranes (DPSILMs). These ionic liquids are 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bistriflamide [C4mim][NTf2] and Di-iso-propyl 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bistriflamide [DIP-C4mim][NTf2], Tributylmethylphosphonium formate [P4441][formate], and Tributylmethylammonium formate [N4441][formate]. The main aim of this study is to investigate the potential use of the synthesized DPSILMs in the industrial gas processing applications for high-pressure CO2 separation from N2 and CH4 streams with less or no loss of ILs. The synthesized DPSILMs were analysed using FTIR and SEM and showed a clear chemical and physical change in the structure PSF and well distribution of ILs in PSF. Binary mixtures of CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 (5 mol% CO2) were used in the study. Selectivity values for the prepared DPSILMs were obtained using a high-pressure membrane unit obtained from Rubotherm Präzisionsmesstechnik GmbH apparatus (System 2). The highest CO2/N2 selectivity values were 36 for both PSF-0.5 wt% [DIP-C4mim][NTf2], PSF-25 wt% [N4441][formate], 29 and 21 for PSF-0.5 wt% [C4mim][NTf2] and PSF-50 wt% [P4441][formate] respectively. Whereas the highest CO2/CH4 selectivity results were 70, 63, 47, and 32 for PSF-2.5 wt% [C4mim][NTf2], PSF-2.5 wt% [DIP-C4mim][NTf2], PSF-0.5 wt% [N4441][formate], and PSF-5 wt% [P4441][formate] respectively. Another system was used to measure the permeability of each gas (System 1) to be plotted then on Robeson's upper bound (2008) with other PSF blends in the literature for better comparison. The plot showed that the synthesized DPSILMs gave satisfying results and behave as well or better than different types of reported PSF blends. The highest CO2 permeabilities (with CO2/N2 separation measurements) obtained with each IL were 19, 13.6, 10.8, and 8.9 barrer with PSF-25 wt% [N4441][formate], PSF-5 wt% [p4441][formate], PSF-0.5 wt% [DIP- C4mim][NTf2], and PSF-5 wt% [C4mim][NTf2] respectively. However with CO2/CH4 separation measurements, the highest CO2 permeabilities were 17.3, 13.8, 12.5, and 11.5 barrer with PSF-12.5 wt% [P4441][formate], PSF-2.5 wt% [DIP-C4mim][NTf2], PSF-0.5 wt% [N4441][formate], and PSF-2.5 wt% [C4mim][NTf2] respectively. Stability measurements of the synthesized DPSILMs were conducted regarding ILs loss and CO2/CH4 separation efficiency. Stability results showed that DPSILMs with 5 wt% [P4441][formate] and [N4441][formate] showed about 30% and 20% ILs loss respectively at 10 bar after 12 hours with small reduction in CO2/CH4 selectivity; while no loss of [DIP-C4mim][NTf2] and [C4mim][NTf2] was observed.Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation) under NPRP Grant # [09-739-2-284

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Incest “Case Study”

The aim of the study was to apply the cognitive behavioral therapy to the incest case, to identify the characteristics of the victims of incest, and the characteristics of the perpetrator. There is no real percentage of prevalence for several reasons, including social stigma, fear of loss of breadwinner, family disintegration, and disbelief of the victim.... etc. The perpetrator is mostly a father or brother who may suffer from: psychological disorders, drug and alcohol abusers, sexual problems, organic deterioration of the brain cells or hardening of the cerebral arteries, or misinterpretation of stimuli issued by the victim, some think that he has the right to act as he pleases, and the act of abuse will not harm the victim.The victim is often a daughter or a sister in adolescence age, feelings of hatred, feelings of guilt, and problems with sex in adulthood are manifest. The extreme aversion of men leads to non-marriage, prostitution, multiple psychological and psychopathic crimes, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder which may lead to suicide, The victims in most cases are forced to silence the crime for several reasons including: fear of family disintegration, loss of the breadwinner, fear of loss of love and gifts from the offender, fear of the negative social outlook of the family ... etc. Keywords: Case Study, Incest, Victim, perpetrator, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

The mediating effect of brand trust on the relationships between dimensions of brand equity and purchase intention toward smartphone

It has been stated that the technology of smartphone greatly affects the behavior of people and their attitude toward the purchase. However, there are lack of studies on the purchase intention of customer regarding smartphone usage among young adults has been reported by several researchers at particular in Malaysia. Thus, the current study investigates the relationships between brand equity dimensions namely, brand awareness, perceived quality, brand association and brand loyalty on behavior intention to purchase the smartphone brands. Moreover, this study also explores the mediation effect of brand trust on the relationship between brand equity elements and purchase intention towards smartphone brand in Malaysia. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of brand trust (BT) on the relationship between brand awareness (BAW), perceived quality (PQ), brand association (BAS),brand loyalty (BLO), and purchase intention (PI) of smartphone brands in Malaysia. The findings of the study showed evidence of the significant and positive relationship between PQ, BLO, and PI; while BAW and BAS have insignificant relationship. The results also presented that BAS, PQ, and BLO have positive effect on PI, while BAW has insignificant influence. The results further support the positive relationship between BT and PI. Interestingly, the findings of the research further show that BT mediates the relationship between BAS,BLO, and PI. This empirical study provided fruitful implications to marketers by making significant contributions to the brand management. It also contributes to new knowledge on the existing body of brand management literature by systematically exploring the influence BAW, PQ, BAS, BT, and BLO on PI of smartphone brands in Malaysia. Marketers should improve brand quality, and enhance awareness which may encourage customers to purchase the smartphone brand

The role of the HCD/CAIAT Project in improving the ability of science teachers for constructing HCD test items in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The objective of this research is to participate in improving the quality of education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) by developing the skills of Saudi female science teachers in writing higher cognitive demand (HCD) questions of exemplary quality. It is an evaluative study that follows the descriptive method of research design by depending on a combination of both quantitative and qualitative inquiry. Therefore, various instruments for collecting data were employed. The sample size of 409 represents all of the female science teachers who work in the girls' schools in the urban area of Al Ahsa, a city in KSA. A suggested program called HCD/CAIAT is introduced and the main objective of the present evaluative research is to examine this project’s functional potential to improve the researched sample related practices. The project includes an innovative software package, the Computer Aided Item Analysis Technique (CAIAT) designed purposely for this research in the Arabic language to provide the sample teachers with the two parameters of classical item analysis that indicate the strengths or weaknesses of a test question (difficulty and discrimination). This package is introduced through a training course that also trains the teachers in skills of question construction and teaching on HCD level. The CAIAT is intended to stimulate the teachers' professional development (PD) by raising their awareness of the validity of their HCD test items and encouraging/assisting them to improve their HCD questions over time which is anticipated to help improve their instruction. This concept of utilising CAIAT for improving teachers' practices is breaking new ground and establishing a basis for further development in the field of study. The main purpose of the research is to answer the following two major questions. The first is to what extent can the HCD/CAIAT project assist female science teachers in Saudi schools to improve their ability to analyse their test questions, so as to write exemplary HCD test items and to teach at HCD level (Effectiveness dimension)? And the second is, to what extent could this be reflected in their on-going practice both for the test construction and for teaching (Adoption dimension)? The findings have indicated that the sample teachers' prior background in the researched concepts and skills (HCD and IAT) are limited. However, the effectiveness dimension findings showed that the teachers have successfully acquired all of the project's abilities/skills: knowledge of HCD concepts, skills of writing HCD instructional objectives and HCD questions, and using/utilising CAIAT successfully for assessing their test items. For the adoption dimension, the HCD/CAIAT package was successful in encouraging the teachers to adopt HCD and IAT which was a result of the successful role of the CAIAT software in stimulating the teachers' PD for learning (on their own) how to improve their assessment skills for HCD levels. Furthermore, the research has identified ten study variables, which are the teachers' background characteristics, in order to test the statistical significance of their role in the reported differences amongst the results found for the various aspects measured by the research data collection instruments. These teachers' characteristics are: educational qualification, prior training on test construction skills, prior training on IAT, key stage (intermediate/secondary), level of graduation (GPA/equivalent), years of experience in teaching, specialisation subject, prior experience in using computers, possess of a PC at home and ability to use some mainstream software packages. Statistically, the impact of these variables on the teachers' acquisition or adoption of the project's concept and skills was found very limited; which supports generalizability of the research findings. It is recommended that the Ministry of Education (MoE) at KSA adopt the HCD/CAIAT package in order to encourage all KSA female science teachers to tackle HCD levels in their instruction and assessment, which is very likely to have a positive impact on their efforts in teaching thinking and inducing creativity. Ten other recommendations were also suggested

Simulating the Performance of Solar Panels in Iraq

The solar energy is the most available, non-polluting and free source of energy. Solar photovoltaic energy is the fastest growing energy resource and it will someday become the dominant source of energy. Iraq is located 290N-370N latitude so, it has a good possibility of solar energy, which could be invested to generate the electrical power by the photovoltaic modules.  The used databases in this study are hourly data of irradiance were obtained from Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS) while air temperature and wind speed were obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather (ECMWF) for the period 1/1/2001-31/12/2012.  Mathematical MATLAB program has been created to estimate the cell temperature and electrical power of a monocrystalline module for 200 sites in Iraqi areas. This study states the effects of environmental parameters on both the cell temperature and the electrical power of a monocrystalline PV module. Irradiance on tilt surface, ambient temperature, and wind speed are the key environmental factors in this study. By using Arc GIS, maps of electrical power and cell temperature distributions of a monocrystalline were drawn based on NOCT model.It has found that the effect of solar radiation on the output electrical power from the PV module is greater than the effect of ambient air temperature. Also, it has found that the monthly electrical power received from the module is varied throughout the months for the study area where the highest electrical power was recorded in June and the lowest electrical power recorded in December. Also, it varies in different sites, the southern part of Al- Qadisyah, western part of Dhi-Qar, northern part of Al-Muthannia and southwestern part of Al-Anbar provinces recorded the highest values of electrical power while the lowest value in the eastern part of Dihok