The effect of solar cells distribution on the Performance of solar panel

Three different distribution modules of silicon solar cells in a panel are used in this study . Each module consists of five identical circular silicon solar cells of radius (5cm) and then the total panel areas are identical. The five solar cells are arranged in the panel in different shapes: circular, triangular and rectangular .The efficiency for these three panel distribution are measured indoor and outdoor. The results show that the efficiency is a function of the cells distribution

Seroepidemiological Study of Measles Virus among Young Adults: Response to Revaccination

The 2011 Iraqi Measles Control Campaign had as its aim to improve immunization coverage among young adults' 17-24years and, in the longer term, prevention of measles epidemics. The aim of the study is estimation measles vaccination and revaccination efficacy by evaluate the seroprevalence of antibody and response to reimmunization in young adults. A previously vaccinated 189 young adult medical students were tested for measles specific IgG &IgM pre and post catch-up revaccination by using commercially available ELISA. To assess the seroprevalence of antibody response pre measles reimmunization in previously vaccinated young adults; 45 were found to be seronegative. To differentiate between primary and secondary vaccine failure, anti- measles IgM and IgG titers were assessed again 2-4 weeks after revaccination in 189 seronegative participants [45 seronegative, 144 seropositive individuals: 29 seronegative participants responded to revaccination anamnestically(P < 0.001)and developed immunity; 7 also showed IgM response (probably primary vaccine failure); 144 seropositive participants remained seroprotected without significant increase in antibody titer (P=0.577). Primary vaccine failure was fond to be 3.7%; while secondary vaccine failure was 11.6%.After revaccination, 85.1% were seroprotected. This study demonstrates the waning measles immunity in young adults in Iraqi medical students, which poses the potential risk of transmission of measles. Periodic Serological surveillance and revaccination of susceptible young adults are recommended

Third Order Nonlinear Properties of Rhodamine B Dye Doped PVA Polymer Determined by Eclipsing Scan Technique

Link to publisher's homepage at http://ijneam.unimap.edu.myNonlinear (NL) optical properties were observed in Rhodamine B (RB) dyes doped in poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymer films. Eclipsing Z‐scan (EZ‐scan) with a continuous wavelength of 532 nm was used to investigate the effect of dye concentration on its NL properties. The open aperture EZ‐scan indicates a reverse saturable absorption behavior (positive type) of NL absorption (NLA) coefficient (β) in the RB+VA matrix, whereas the closed aperture EZ‐scan exhibits transition from positive (focusing) to negative (defocusing) nonlinearity at increasing dye concentration. The NL refractive index 2, NLA coefficient , third‐order susceptibility 3, and second‐order hyperpolarizability increase with the increase in dye concentrations. The magnitude of the n2, , 3, and were in the order of 10‐12 (2/W), 10‐1 (/W), 10‐8 (esu), and 10‐12 respectively

Enhancement of Porous Silicon Formation by Using Ultrasonic Vibrations

Anodic electrochemical etching enhanced by ultrasonically is developed to fabricate luminescent porous silicon (PS) material. The samples prepared by the new etching method exhibit superior characteristics to those prepared by conventional direct current etching. By applying ultrasonically enhanced etching, PS microcavities with much higher quality factors can be fabricated. The improved quality induced by ultrasonic etching can be ascribed to increased rates of escape of hydrogen bubbles and other etched chemical species from the porous silicon pores surface

Molecular identification with sequences of infectious bronchitis virus isolations from broiler chickens in Nineveh

One of the most dreadful infectious viral disease that cause great economic losses for the poultry industry is the infectious bronchitis IB. The present study conducted to epidemiology and the molecular sequences of infectious bronchitis virus from broiler chickens’ fields in Nineveh governorate. The study covered seven regions around the Mosul city included (Al Msayed, Badoosh, Al?Qayara, Wanna, Basheeka, Al-shalalat , Al-hamdanya, and Bartalla) for the period extends from September 2022 to May 2023. The result recorded 16 suspected cases of IB. 14 of them have been diagnosed as IB virus by means of Polymerase Chain Reaction (Nested PCR). Most of the infections were in October and March, five cases of them were recorded in October, four cases in March, two conditions in September, and one case in other months of the study. (PCR), showed that the causative agent of IB in Al?Msayed, Badoosh, Al-Qayara, Wanna, Basheeka, Al shalalat , Al-hamdanya, and Bartalla) was from strain(AAS-IB01M Result showed a new strain which was submitted to the GenBank of the (NCBI) to be registere

Effect of Lupin (Lupinus albifrons) Flour on Microbial and sensory properties of local Yoghurt

This study conducted and implicated in the General State Company for Dairy Products, Abu-Ghraib/ Baghdad/Iraq in February to April /2014. Two different sweet lupin seed (Jordanian, Egyptian) origin were used for this study which been imported from the local markets. Soaking and boiling process (de- bittering process) of lupin seeds was used to destroy thermo-labile anti-nutritional factors, such as trypsin inhibitors, phytic acid and to soften the seed. It was been found that, the concentration (2, 4, 6)% of lupin seed supplementation for each origin (Jordan and Egypt) are the best in dairy product supplementation after conducting many different tests to see the best degree of agreement by the specialized panelists in the dairy company. The physicochemical analysis of the supplemented yogurt with different concentration (2, 4, and 6) % of Jordanian and Egyptian lupin flour showed that, it does not affect the percent of fat content statistically. But, there were clear positive statistical significant differences in the total solid. Also, there were statistically positive correlation between lupin flour concentration addition and total solid of the yogurt product which does affect directly the texture of the yogurt. There were statistically positive correlation between lupin flour concentration supplement and the pH of the yogurt product which does affect directly the flavor and taste of the yogurt product by the consumers. Thus, increasing the concentration of the supplementation with lupin flour lead to decrease the acidity and increase the pH in yogurt products significantly. Sensory evaluation of the supplemented yogurt product were showed that the 2 and 4% of lupin flour for both origin were the highest positive effect on physicochemical and sensory scores (flavor, taste, acidity, texture and consistency, appearance, and the total properties). Also, it was found that, the period of storage (1-14 days) did not affect the physicochemical and sensory evaluation clearly of the supplemented lupin dairy product. Therefore, we recommended the possibility of supplementation of yogurt with sweet lupin flour for its healthier and structural effect on human health to these kind of products. Keywords: Dairy product, Supplementation, Lupin flour, Physicochemical properties, Sensory evaluation, microbial content. 

Nano-Particle doped polymers to improve contact lenses optical quality

Link to publisher's homepage at https://ijneam.unimap.edu.my/Polymer-based nanocomposites exhibit different optical virtues such as high refractive index (RI), Abbe number (νd) and visible light transmittance (T %) above 90%. These hybrid materials attract more interest in optoelectronic applications such in the ophthalmic optics. The aim of this work is to study the impact of contact lenses doped with aluminum nanoparticles on aberrated human eye. ZEMAX mainstream optical design software was used for eye modeling based on Liou & Brennan eye model and then the BHESP/PA/AL contact lens was applied. Ocular performance was evaluated by modulation transfer function (MTF), spot diagram root mean square (RMS) and the geometric encircled energy (EE) metrics. The used criteria show that the best visual performance is obtained when BHESP/PA/AL-CL is used (P < 0.0001) because it reduced the generated monochromatic and polychromatic aberrations inside the eye. The required balance between the refractive index and abbe number of the chosen polymer affect the transparency, transmittance and refractive errors correction

Optimal Sizing of Photovoltaic Irrigation Water Pumping System in Samara

Water pumping from wells and rivers for irrigation is a well established procedure on many farms in Iraq and is practical on various levels around the world. Typical irrigation systems consume a great amount of conventional energy through the use of electric motors and generators powered by fuel. The overall objective of this research was to determine the feasibility of using photovoltaic (PV) modules to power a water pump for a small-scale irrigation system in the North-West of Iraq (Samara). The study involved field observations, simulations of global solar radiation and PV electrical output. Field observations involved an installation of 24-monocrystaline silicon PV modules as shown in figure (1). This system was installed to give maximum power equal to (1960 watt) with maximum open circuit voltage (Voc = 175 volts) and maximum short circuit ( Isc= 14 Amp ). This module was connected to the pump via a charge controller and AC inverter. The parameters monitored were voltage, current, back-of-panel temperature, pressure, and flow. These observed parameters were used to determine PV electrical output and volume of water pumped. Site latitude, elevation, and panel tilt were applied to the solar radiation and PV electrical output models. PV electrical output and volume of water pumped were monitored between January 2000 and December 2000. As expected, an increase in power causes an increase in the volume of water pumped

General modulation transfer function fitting equation for human eye with contact lens

In this research, a general equation was derived to represent the modulation transfer function (MTF) of the human eye with the presence of the contact lenses (CL) and during the vision with monochrome or multi-wavelength (polychromatic) light. This equation was used to fit the MTF’s curves for the eye with pupil diameters (EPD) (2.5, 4, 6, and 8 mm). The fitting equation accuracy was revealed by using the standard deviation (STD). The results indicated that the image MTF is sensitive to (EPD). Moreover, eye vision degrades as (EPD) increases due to the increased spherical and chromatic aberrations. The new equation consists of two exponential terms in addition to a correction polynomial function (H) to fit the EPD effect. The results showed that H function with power two is sufficient to give a good accuracy when the EPD is less than 4 mm, while H with power five is necessary when the EPD is larger or equal to 5 mm.  Also, it is clear that the equation gives a high accuracy also in the case of vision with white light for the eye with the contact lens