Multi-Hop Wireless Sensor Network for Continuous Oxygen Tank’s Level Detection

Wireless sensor network technology is considered as one of the modern technologies that are used in a lot of areas to measure physical, chemical or environmental variables because of their low of cost and high efficiency in data transmission. This project aims to design a wireless sensor network that will be used to measure pressure or level of Oxygen gas inside the Oxygen tanks that are found in different places in hospitals in order to overcome the problem of the manual checking of tanks level, which may cause a lot of problems because of the lack of accuracy measurement and the absence of a continuous monitoring from the control room. The designing of this project will be based on the concept of multi-hop wireless sensor network using XBee modules. XCTU software will be used to update and configure XBee modules and PROCESSING software will be used to develop a program that reads data from XBee and show it in interactive way on the screen

Considering the Shrinking Physical, Social, and Psychological Spaces of Rohingya Refugees in Southeast Asia

Refugees experience shrinking social, economic, political, and physical spaces at astonishing rates. However, these shrinking spaces are challenging to trace simultaneously and are rarely considered in policymaking or analysis. Using the Rohingya case study, this paper implores policy analysis to include these spaces, conceptually categorizing them into physical, social, and psychological spaces. Here we chronologize the plight of Rohingya refugees and identify how their spaces have changed over time. Our findings reveal four primary causal relationships linked to Rohingya refugees\u27 fluctuating spaces, including: (I) Bangladesh\u27s policy framework has kept the Rohingya largely isolated, yet their public-private partnerships have expanded their space; (ii) Bangladesh has a robust social policy framework, which has contributed to expanding refugees\u27 spaces; (iii) Myanmar\u27s foreign policy framework contributed to justifying war crimes, severely restricting Rohingya\u27s space, and (iv) The lack of a social policy framework in Myanmar lead to a severe lack of protection mechanisms for the Rohingya

Architecture Design Methods According to Advance Human's

This paper explain design method as a ring or relationship link between theory and applied , and it discuss the important developments in the field of architectural design methods according to advance human's intellect & his technology ; firstly from intuition thinking ( according to try and error ) to the industrial revolution that is followed mathematical and rational limitation thinking , and this thought go directly to un-limitation thinking that’s followed new scientific revolution , and it is arrive to contemporary digital revolution . Beside this that paper search for a development relationship between architectural form and architectural design methods . Finally must be recommendation how to effect this important development in design methods and tools on the task of teach architectural design

Improvements of and Extensions to FSMWeb: Testing Mobile Apps

A mobile application is a software program that runs on mobile device. In 2017, 178.1 billion mobile apps downloaded and the number is expected to grow to 258.2 billion app downloads in 2022 [19]. The number of app downloads poses a challenge for mobile application testers to find the right approach to test apps. This dissertation extends the FSMWeb approach for testing web applications [50] to test mobile applications (FSMApp). During the process of analyzing FSMWeb how it could be extended to test Mobile Apps, a number of shortcomings were detected which we improved upon. We discuss these first. We present an approach to generate black-box tests to test fail-safe behavior for web applications. We apply the approach to a large commercial web application. The approach uses a functional (behavioral) model to generate tests. It then determines at which states in the execution of behavioral test failures can occur and what mitigation requirements need to be tested. Mitigation requirements are used to build mitigation models for each failure type. From those mitigation models failure mitigation tests are generated. Next, this dissertation provides an approach for selective black-box model-based fail-safe regression testing for web applications. It classifies existing tests and test requirements as reusable, retestable, and obsolete. Removing reusable test requirements reduces test requirements between 49% to 65% in the case study. The approach also uses partial regeneration for new tests wherever possible. Third, we present the new FSMApp approach to test mobile applications and compare the approach with several other approaches [88, 37]. A number of case studies explore applicability, scalability, effectiveness, and efficiency of FSMApp with other approaches. Future work makes suggestion on how to improve test generation and execution efficiency with FSMApp

Large area of ultrathin alumina membranes toward innovative heterogeneous nanostructure arrays for solar energy conversion

Ordered nanostructure arrays are attracting intensive scientific attention because of their many and varied applications. However, it is still a challenge to achieve ordered nanostructure patterning over a relatively large area (for instance on the wafer scale) by a technique that will allow high throughput, large pattern area and low equipment costs. Part of the work reported here is the achievement of facile transferring of ultrathin alumina membranes (UTAMs) which have been attached on wafer-scale substrates without any twisting, folding, cracking or contamination because of the unique design of the fabrication and transferring processes. The crucial element of this method is fixing the prepared 4-inch UTAM onto a wafer-scale substrate before removing the remaining Al and the alumina barrier layer. The thickness and surface smoothing of the UTAMs play a vital role in this process. By using these perfectly transferred UTAMs as masks, various nanostructuring patterns including nanoparticles, nanomeshes, and nanowire arrays have been fabricated on wafer-scale substrates with tunable and uniform dimensions. The method is a template method, which is not reliant on a specific requirement for the UTAMs, the substrates and the deposited materials. It thus provides a cost-effective platform for the fabrication of ordered nanostructures on large substrates for a range of applications in nanotechnology. The work has included fabricating hexagonal arrays of TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) with an excellent crystalline quality by techniques combining anodic aluminum oxide templates and atomic layer deposition (ALD). Absorption spectroscopic analysis showed that the optical absorption band edge of the TNTs exhibited a red shift as the diameter of the nanotubes was tuned to be larger and the distance between two nanotubes became smaller, while the wall thickness of the nanotube was kept constant. Subsequent finite-difference time-domain simulations supported the observation from the theoretical aspect and revealed a large near-field enhancement around the nanotubes for the arrays with densely distributed nanotubes when the corresponding arrays were illuminated. These were results which provided a new perspective on the shift of the optical band gap, which is of significance to research in photoelectronics. In addition, the prepared CdTe/TiO2 core-shell nanowire arrays with various diameters showed an improvement in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting and in photovoltaic properties. By tuning diameters of CdTe/TiO2 nanowire arrays, it was possible to achieve photocurrent as high as 1.1 mA cm-2. Unlike many previously reported heterogeneous photoelectrodes that adopt core/shell configurations and are based on connected UTAMs, in the present work TNTs╫Si and TNWs┼Si heterostructures with a configuration of TiO2 nanotubes or nanowires were prepared vertically rooted into Si substrate for PEC water splitting. The unique structure of the TNTs╫Si heterostructure enabled the PEC performance of TNTs╫Si heterostructures to be among the best of heterogeneous photoelectrodes based on TiO2 and Si, while maintaining excellent structural stability during the water oxidation reaction. In addition, the TNWs┼Si heterostructure served better to enhance the photovoltaic did the TNTs╫Si heterostructures. The fabrication technique enabled such heterostructure arrays to be easily produced on a large scale. Importantly, the fabrication strategy is universal, leaving enough space for structure optimization and selection of the materials for heterostructure arrays, which will benefit solar energy applications.Geordnete Nanostruktur-Arrays haben viel Aufmerksamkeit erfahren durch ihre vielfältigen Anwendungen. Jedoch ist es noch immer eine große Herausforderung geordnete Nanostrukturen über eine große Fläche (wie z.B. Wafer-Größe) durch Methoden die einen hohen Durchsatz bei großen Flächen und geringen Gerätekosten ermöglichen herzustellen. Hier, durch ein einzigartiges Design für den Herstellungs- und Transferprozess, konnten wir einen einfachen Transfer von wafer-großen gebundenen ultradünnen Aluminium-Membranen (UTAMs) auf Substrate ohne Verdrehen, Faltung, Einreißen oder Verunreinigungen erreichen. Das wichtigste unserer Methode ist das Anheften der 4 Inch großen UTAMs auf wafer-große Substrate vor dem Entfernen des Rückseitenaluminiums und der Aluminiumoxidschicht (sog. Barrier Layer). Es wird auch gezeigt, dass die Dicke und das Glätten der Oberflächen der UTAMs eine wichtige Rolle in dem Prozess spielen. Durch perfekt transferierte UTAMs als Masken werden viele unterschiedliche Nanostruktur-Anordnungen wie Nanopartikel, Nanomeshs, und Nanowire-Arrays auf wafer-großen Substraten hergestellt mit einstellbaren und einheitlichen Abmessungen. Weil es für UTAMs keine Limitierungen was Substrate und abzuscheidende Materialien gibt repräsentiert die Methode eine kostengünstige und effiziente Möglichkeit zur Herstellung von geordneten Nanostrukturen auf großflächigen Substraten für viele Anwendungen der Nanotechnologie. Zusätzlich wurden hexagonale TiO2 Nanotube-Arrays mit exzellenter Kristallqualität durch die Kombination von anodischen Aluminiumoxid (AAO)-Templaten und Atomlagenabscheidung (ALD) hergestellt. Durch spektroskopische Absorptionsmessungen haben wir beobachtet, dass die optische Absorptionsbandkante der TiO2 Nanotube-Arrays eine Rotverschiebung erfährt mit steigendem Durchmesser der Nanotubes und entsprechend kleineren Abstand zwischen den einzelnen Nanotubes, während die Wandstärke konstant gehalten wurde. Nachfolgende FDTD-Simulationen unterstützten diese Beobachtung im Blick auf den theoretischen Hintergrund und machten eine große Nahfeldverstärkung im Außenbereich der Nanotubes deutlich für Arrays mit dicht angeordneten Nanotubes wenn diese beleuchtet wurden. Demnach liefern diese Ergebnisse eine neue Perspektive auf die Verschiebung der optischen Bandlücke, was von großer Bedeutung für die Forschung im Bereich Photoelektronik ist. Andererseits zeigten die hergestellten CdTe/TiO2 Core-Shell-Nanowire-Arrays mit unterschiedlichen Durchmessern eine Verbesserung der photoelektrischen Wasserspaltung und der photovoltaischen Eigenschaften. Durch Modulation der Durchmesser konnte ein optimierter Photostrom von 1,1 mA/cm² erreicht werden. Im Gegensatz zu vielen vorherigen heterogenen Photoelektroden die Core/Shell Konfigurationen anwenden, basierend auf verbundenen UTAMs, TNTs╫Si und TNWs┼Si Heterostrukturen mit einer Konfiguration aus TiO2 Nanotubes oder Nanowires wurden vertical verwurzelt im Si-Substrat für PEC Wasserspaltung. Die einzigartige Struktur der TNTs╫Si Heterostrukturen ermöglicht eine PEC Performance, die unter den Besten der heterogenen Photoelektroden basierend auf TiO2 und Si ist, während eine exzellente strukturelle Stabilität während der Wasser-Oxidations-Reaktion gegeben ist. Zusätzlich kann die TNWs┼Si Heterostruktur die photovoltaischen Eigenschaften stärker als andere Heterostrukturen verbessern. Die Herstellungsmethode erlaubt es diese Heterostruktur-Arrays einfach und in Massenfertigung zu produzieren und ebenfalls wichtig, die Methode ist universell einsetzbar und lässt genug Spielraum für strukturelle Optimierungen sowie weitere Materialien für Heterostruktur-Arrays für Verbesserungen in Richtung solarer Energieanwendungen

Assessment of knowledge of pharmacies and drug stores workers toward dengue and its management at Al-Mukalla district – Hadhramout-Yemen

Dengue fever (DF) is a mosquito borne disease that has spread rapidly in Al-Mukalla city in the last ten years, so a necessary requirement is to analyze the knowledge of healthcare providers, including pharmacists, toward dengue management and control in the country. This paper aims to assess the knowledge of pharmacies and drug store workers toward dengue management at Al-Mukalla district. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 pharmacies and drug store workers in Al-Mukalla district in 2020. A random sampling method was used to select the pharmacies and drug stores and data was collected by using pretest questionnaires. All statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS software, version 24. A total of 384 workers of pharmacies and drug stores, were enrolled. 361 were male (94%), and 23 were female (6%). The pharmacy diploma was the most qualified of the participants (58.1%). The majority of participants had 1–5 years’ experience (45.3%). The result showed that most workers of pharmacies and drug stores had knowledge of dengue fever disease (82.1%). Medical consultation was the most common choice of participation regarding dealing with warning signs of dengue fever (red spots or patches on the skin (59.1%) , nasal or gingival bleeding(66.9%), vaginal bleeding(74.2%), hematemesis (72.7%), and severe abdominal pain (46.4% ). The larger proportion of participants did not have knowledge of the WHO clinical management of dengue guideline (75.5%). This study showed that more than half of pharmacies and drug stores workers had knowledge toward management of dengue fever (57 %). This study revealed that the knowledge of pharmacy and drug store workers in Al-Mukalla district toward dengue fever management was not satisfactory. This result highlights the need for extensive scientific programs to increase the knowledge of pharmacies and drug store workers toward dengue management so this gap will be plugged

BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION OF DIALYSIS WATER AND DIALYSATE AT MUKALLA ARTIFICIAL KIDNEY CENTER IN MUKALLA CITY - HADHRAMAUT - YEMEN: RATE OF CONTAMINATION AND SENSITIVITY OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES TO ANTIBIOTICS

Objective: Water treatment systems are a vital factor in dialysis therapy and precise control of hemodialysis water bacteriological quality is predominantly important in order to assurance a better quality of life of the hemodialysis patients. The purpose of this study was to detect the level of contamination in hemodialysis water and dialysate by bacteria in Mukalla Artificial Kidney Center and investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolated bacteria.  Methods: Forty eight samples of water and dialysate were assembled weekly over a period of 3 months from 4 points. Bacteriological analysis of samples was carried out then antimicrobial susceptibilities patterns of isolated bacteria were concluded by disk diffusion method. Results: The mean of total count of bacteria for dialysis water and dialysate were higher than the recommended values (100 CFU/ ml). The isolated bacteria which colonized the hemodialysis systems were mostly Gram-negative bacilli as Pseudomonas sp., Serratia sp., Citrobacter sp. and Enterobater sp. In general, most of the isolated bacteria were poorly responsive to antibiotics. Conclusion:  In conclusion: Dialysis water and dialysate not passed to meet the bacteriological provisions for hemodialysis. To reduce the hazard of contaminants for hemodialysis patients, a sufficient system for water treatment, disinfection of hemodialysis system, and bacteriological contamination monitoring of the water and dialysate are necessary.               Peer Review History: Received 19 December 2019;   Revised 25 December; Accepted 7 January, Available online 15 January 2020 Academic Editor: Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr.  Maya Shaaban Eissa Hussein, Egyptian Russian University, Egypt, [email protected] Dr. Ali Abdullah A. Al-Mehdar, University of Basrah, Iraq, [email protected] Similar Articles: EXPLOSION OF HEPATITIS B AND C VIRUSES AMONG HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS AS A RESULT OF HEMODIALYSIS CRISIS IN YEMEN PREVALENCE AND GENOTYPING OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS AND EVALUATION OF HCV-CORE ANTIGEN TEST IN SCREENING PATIENTS FOR DIALYSIS IN SANA'A CITY, YEME

Effect of Reaction Time on the Blue Shift of Chemically Created Silver Nanoparticles

The structural properties of (Ag-NPs) nanoparticles prepared by the chemical method were examined using (XRD) diffraction. Additionally, the optical properties were tested using a UV-Vis spectroscopy instrument, and a scanning electron microscope was used to analyze the surface morphology, We found that (Ag-NPs) nanoparticles have the highest absorbance at wavelengths of (400)nm and that the granular size of these material ranges between (29 – 89)nm. And The morphology analysis further revealed that (Ag-NPs) particles are spherical in shape

STRESS TESTING MQTT SERVER FOR PRIVATE IOT NETWORKS

The rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the wide area of application rise the IoT concept to be the future of the internet. Indeed, IoT environment has a special nature with a lot of constraints in term of resource consumption. Moreover, the data exchanged between things and the internet is big data. In order to achieve efficiency in IoT communication, many technologies and new protocols based on these technologies have been developed. This paper aims to study the performance of Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) by implementing this protocol on test-bed network infrastructure and analyzing the performance properties such as delay jitter, packet loss and throughput for real time and non-real time scenarios. Finally, future research issues in MQTT protocol are suggested