The effect of dispersing agent on the dyeing of polyester fabrics with disperse dyes derived from 1,4-diethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carbonitrile

1,4-Diethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carbonitrile (8), is synthesized by reacting ethyl cyanoacetate with ethyl amine to produce the amide 4, which when reacted with methyl propionylacetate, afforded compound 8. Compound 8 is then coupled with aromatic diazonium salts to give the corresponding arylhydrazono-1,4-diethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carbonitrile disperse dyes, 11a-d, whose structures were elucidated by using X-ray crystal structure determinations. A high temperature dyeing method was employed to apply these dyes for polyester fabrics. The relationship between dyeing properties and the concentration of dispersing agent present in a dye bath is evaluated

Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity, and applications of new azo pyridone disperse dyes on polyester fabric

Three components; ethyl cyanoacetate, ethyl amines, and methyl propionylacetate were condensed using solid supports in microwave to give 1,4-diethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carbonitrile (9) that was then coupled with aromatic diazonium salts to give the corresponding arylhydrazono-1,4-diethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carbonitrile disperse dyes, 10a-g. Structures of the afforded compounds were confirmed by (IR, NMR, EI/MS) and one of them was further confirmed by X-ray crystallography (10g). Fastness properties of the reported dyes were intensively examined against light, perspiration and washing fastness, exhibiting moderate, very good and excellent fastness levels, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the dyes were tested against different bacterial strains of Gram positive and Gram negative characteristics, and yeast, at where most of them showed promising activities against such test organisms

Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity of N1-Methyl-2-(1H-1,2,3-Benzotriazol-1-y1)-3-Oxobutan- ethioamide Complexes with Some Divalent Metal (II) Ions

A new series of Zn2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Co2+ complexes of N1-methyl-2-(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)-3-oxobutanethioamide (MBOBT), HL, has been synthesized and characterized by different spectral and magnetic measurements and elemental analysis. IR spectral data indicates that (MBOBT) exists only in the thione form in the solid state while 13C NMR spectrum indicates its existence in thione and thiole tautomeric forms. The IR spectra of all complexes indicate that (MBOBT) acts as a monobasic bidentate ligand coordinating to the metal(II) ions via the keto-oxygen and thiolato-sulphur atoms. The electronic spectral studies showed that (MBOBT) bonded to all metal ions through sulphur and nitrogen atoms based on the positions and intensity of their charge transfer bands. Furthermore, the spectra reflect four coordinate tetrahedral zinc(II), tetragonally distorted copper(II), square planar nickel(II), and cobalt(II) complexes. Thermal decomposition study of the complexes was monitored by TG and DTG analyses under N2 atmosphere. The decomposition course and steps were analyzed and the activation parameters of the nonisothermal decomposition are determined. The isolated metal chelates have been screened for their antimicrobial activities and the findings have been reported and discussed in relation to their structures

Pyrolysis of azetidinone derivatives: a versatile route towards electron-rich alkenes, C-1 allylation and/or homologation of aldehydes

Pyrolysis of beta-lactams and beta-thiolactams led essentially to stereoselective synthesis of the high energy electron-rich Z-alkenes. Extension of this methodology to the pyrolysis of 3-allyloxy derivatives gave a simple direct route to the synthetically important 4-pentenal. These pyrolytic transformations convert aldehydes to aryloxyalkenes (a protected homologation) and 4-pentenal (a C-1 allylation and homologation). The starting 3-aryloxy and 3-allyloxy-beta-lactams were synthesized by the standard Staudinger ketene-imine [2 + 2] cycloaddition. The corresponding beta-thiolactams have readily been obtained in good yields by thiation of beta-lactams with Lawesson's reagent.University of Kuwait/SC 02/11GF-S/GS01/01, GS02/01, GS01/03, GS01/0

Reverse saturation absorption spectra and optical limiting properties of chlorinated tetrasubstituted phthalocyanines containing different metals

A highly non-aggregated series of peripherally tetra(2,6-diisopropylphenoxy) substituted phthalocyanines (Pcs) containing different metals (Al, Ga, In and Zn) were prepared and their nonlinear optical properties (NLO), including the optical limiting behavior were investigated. This study explores the effect of the implanted metals along with the peripheral chlorine atoms on the NLO of the prepared complexes, thereby improving their optical limiting performance. The best wavelength at which the Pc complex exhibits the strongest nonlinear effect was determined over the low absorption window region (420–590 nm) comprised between the Q and B bands using a nanosecond pulsed laser with the aid of a Z-scan technique. The excited state absorption cross sections (σeff) have been found to be wavelength dependent with common double peaks at 505 nm and around 485 nm and the highest value was calculated for Pc1–In (1.1 × 10−16 cm2). The figure of merit spectra show different spectral structure when compared to the excited state absorption spectra and the largest figure of merit value was found to be around 107 for Pc1–In derivative. In full agreement with reverse saturation results, the optical limiting measurements, carried out at 485 nm and 532 nm for each derivative, show very low optical limiting thresholds at the former wavelength. In the continuous wave excitation regime, the Z-scan measurements, which were carried out at 632.8 and 532 nm, showed strong refractive and absorptive nonlinear effects

Tetra and octa (2, 6-di-iso-propylphenoxy)-substituted phthalocyanines

This work reports on the synthesis of novel metal free, zinc, aluminum, gallium and indium tetra and octa (2,6-di-iso-propylphenoxy)-substituted phthalocyanine derivatives. UV-visible and 1H NMR analyses confirm that a non-planar conformation, adapted by the phenoxy substituents due to steric interaction in both derivative series, perfectly discourage cofacial aggregation. Fluorescence quantum yields vary as a function of the number of substituents on the ring periphery, while the fluorescence lifetimes display no distinct trend. Triplet quantum yields are significantly larger for the tetra 2,6-di-iso-propylphenoxy- substituted derivatives relative to their corresponding octa-substituted species. However there was no overall trend in the triplet lifetime values. For almost all of the phthalocyanine derivatives, singlet oxygen was produced with relatively good quantum yields. This study explores the possibility of fine-tuning their physicochemical properties by simple structural modification

Enaminones in a multicomponent synthesis of 4-aryldihydropyridines for potential applications in photoinduced intramolecular electron-transfer systems

Abstract An efficient three component reaction with enaminones, primary amines and aldehydes resulted in easy access to 1,4-dihydropyridines with different substituents at the 1-, 3-, 4-and 5-positions. Microwaves improved the reaction yield, reducing also considerably the reaction time and the amount of solvent used. Chiral primary amines gave chiral 1-substituted-1,4-dihydropyridines. The 4-(1-naphthyl) and 4-(phenanthren-9-yl)dihydropyridine derivatives exhibited an interesting photoluminescence behavior, which suggests their potential application as suitable photoinduced intramolecular electron-transfer systems. 44

A Facile Synthesis of New Monoazo Disperse Dyes Derived from 4-Hydroxyphenylazopyrazole-5-amines: Evaluation of Microwave Assisted Dyeing Behavior

A series of new monoazo disperse dyes containing pyrazolopyrimidine moieties was synthesized by coupling malononitrile or 3-aminocrotononitrile with 4-hydroxy- benzenediazonium chloride. Treatment of the resulting products with hydrazine hydrate yields the corresponding 4-arylazoaminopyrazoles, which then react with either 2,4-pentanedione and enaminonitriles or aryl-substituted enaminoketones to give the target pyrazolopyrimidine monoazo disperse dyes. Structural assignments of the dyes were made using both NMR spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic methods. A high temperature dyeing method, by microwave irradiation, was employed with polyester fabrics. Most of the dyed fabrics tested displayed moderate light fastness and excellent washing and perspiration fastness levels

Photochemistry of Benzotriazoles: Generation of 1,3-Diradicals and Intermolecular Cycloaddition as a New Route toward Indoles and Dihydropyrrolo[3,4-b]Indoles

Irradiation of benzotriazoles 1a–e at λ = 254 nm in acetonitrile solution generated the corresponding 1,3-diradicals which underwent intermolecular cycloaddition with maleimides to afford the corresponding dihydropyrrolo[3,4-b]indoles and with acetylene derivatives to afford indoles as the major products. This offers an interesting and simple access to such ring systems of potential synthetic and biological interest. The structures of the photoproducts were established spectroscopically and by single crystal X-ray crystallography