Landslide Investigation Using Transient Electromagnetic Method (TEM): A Case Study on Al-Ja'ydyya- Salhuob Landslide / Jordan

In this study, Transient Electromagnetic (TEM) geophysical method was used at Al-Ja'ydyya- Salhuob landslide located along Amman- Irbid - Jerash highway aiming at investigating the subsurface layering's, thicknesses and to map the subsurface failure detachments and internal structures of landslide. Seventeen TEM Soundings were conducted to cover the study area. The interpreted TEM models suggests three to four principle subsurface units that are prevailing in the study area: The upper surface unit with resistivity 50-100 Ohm . m and thickness is ranging from 15m - 25m correlates with colluvial deposits. The second subsurface unit is interpreted to be a Clayey marl and Chalky marl and it has a resistivity range of  8-15 Ohm . m and has thickness in the range of 2 - 4m. This conductive unit were mapped throughout the whole study area. It is expected that this layer has a very significance role for rock sliding and mass movement.  The third subsurface resistive (>200 Ohm . m) unit is highly correlated with borehole logs and interpreted as a highly massive fractured limestone. The four subsurface unit is a  very low resistivity unit. It was detected beneath the whole study area  especially  the northern Salhoub landslide. It is interpreted as a saturated fractured limestone unit or marl, chalky filling fractured limestone. The internal subsurface fractures and boundaries of landslides were delineated and were found to be coincident with surface outcropped fractures. The slippage failure surfaces were delineated and mapped and shown clearly in The 2-D  E-W and NW-SE TEM models. Keywords: Transient Electromagnetic (TEM), Al-Ja'ydyya- Salhuob Landslide, Jorda

Integration of Vertical Electrical Sounding and Aeromagnetic Data Using GIS Techniques to Assess the Potential of Unsaturated Zone and Natural Basalt Caves for Groundwater Artificial Recharge in NE-Jordan

Geophysical data consisting of Aeromagnetic (AM) and Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) in addition to the extracted lineaments map for the northern part of Azraq basin were used with the aid of ArcGIS tools aiming at investigating the potential of natural basalt caves and unsaturated zone for the purposes of artificial groundwater recharge. The aeromagnetic data were analyzed using advanced processing techniques. The aeromagnetic interpretation was carried out qualitatively and quantitatively and correlated with the distribution and density of lineaments and caves location. The geo-electrical measurements were processed and interpreted to characterize the unsaturated zone in the study area. The surface watershed and watershedpoint areas were modeled and were considered within the integrated interpretation. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that highly fractured regions possessing low aeromagnetic intensity are of high potential for groundwater recharge; therefore, the central western part of the study area is considered of high potential for groundwater recharge. Regarding the natural basaltic caves, it is concluded that the Beer Al- Hamam and Al-Fahda caves are of high potential for groundwater artificial recharge and the possibility of using the other basaltic caves for groundwater artificial recharge and subsurface storages

Using Geophysical Methods to Image Near-Surface Cylindrical Pipeline: A Case Study on Engineering Applications, Jordan

Conventional and modern geophysical methods have become presently very popular and reliable tools to investigate the near- surface underground features for different applications, such as engineering, geotechnical, environmental and groundwater aquifer characterization. Geophysical prospecting techniques have gained great importance due to their non-invasive, cost- effective and fast field implementation. In this research, a geomagnetic survey and an electrical resistivity survey were used to investigate the magnetic and electrical resistivity anomaly responses and imaging of an underground Gas Pipeline (GPL). This GPL is in fact part of a major multinational project to transport gas from Egypt to Jordan and then to Syria, Lebanon and Turkey. Thus it crosses Jordan from Aqaba in the south to the Jordanian-Syrian borders in the north. The two geophysical methods were successful in locating and imaging the underground GPL down to depths of 1 to 4 meters within different soil materials. The geophysical response revealed the GPL in terms of its dimensions and extension. In addition, the geoelectrical study proved to be an effective tool in mapping the subsurface lithology variations and shallow structural features such of interest (e.g. fractures, crakes and joints). Thereby, this shows the advantages of geophysical techniques in identifying the optimum site for excavation in case of any encountered trouble that could occur in a similar sub-surface engineering construction, in terms of reducing the amount of excavation to be made

The Use of Vector-Based GIS and Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) for Siting Water Harvesting Dams in Karak Governorate/ South Jordan

Jordan is the 4th poorest country in the world in terms of water resources. Although, Jordan receives an average annual rainfall of 8194 million cubic metre, it can only collect 360 million cubic meters in its existing dams. There is an urgent need to construct more dams in order to harvest the obtainable runoff which might help in overcoming the shortage in its water resources for domestic and agricultural uses.  Site selection of dams must be carried out using sophisticated tools and techniques. One of these techniques is GIS, which could be integrated with multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) to select the optimum sites for dams. In this research vector-Based GIS and multi-criteria decision making were used to select the optimum sites of dams in Karak governorate/ South Jordan. Rainfall, soil, slope, urban areas and roads comprise the selection criteria used in this research based on the use of weighted linear combination (WLC). Wadis, Roads, Urban Centres, Faults and Wells comprise the constraint factors used to erase the unsuitable areas for constructing dams based on the Boolean technique. The outcome of this research showed that there are 9 potential sites that could be utilized for constructing dams to harvest the surface water in the study area. Keywords: Jordan; Karak; Dams; Vector-Based; GIS; MCD

The Use of Electrical Resistivity Tomography to Investigate Basaltic Lava Tunnel Based on the Case Study of Al-Badia Cave in Jordan

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.5.2.161-177Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) was employed to conduct a geoelectrical survey near the Al-Badia lava tunnel located close to the Al-Bishyrria Village in Jordan. The technique enabled the mapping of the subsurface tunnel extension and description of its inner structure. To assess the quality of data and resistivity models, Schlumberger and Reciprocal Schlumberger electrode configurations were used to produce eight ERT profiles. As revealed by the examination of received potential, the implemented configurations exhibited a strong signal, producing an approximated reciprocal error of up to 6%. The findings of ERT models showed that the lava tunnel had a clearly outlined structure with an elliptical to rectangular shape. The modelled resistivity of the lava tunnel was obtained in proximity to 1000 Ω-m, with a better characterization being possible at resistivity exceeding 8000 Ω-m in 200 Ω-m of Fahda Vesicular Basalt medium. An exploration depth of 50 m revealed that the lava tunnel was 10 m deep and 5 m in diameter on the average. Furthermore, potential means of groundwater recharging were reported by the simultaneous detection of a number of resistivity anomalies of less than 50 Ω-m and lava tunnel. In addition, the lava tunnel was observed to extend and ramify beyond the area under investigation, indicating at the potential existence of multiple lava tunnel extensions in both the investigation area and in the basaltic flows, which could have adverse implications for future urban projects.</p

A comparison of machine learning models for the mapping of groundwater spring potential

Groundwater resources are vitally important in arid and semi-arid areas meaning that spatial planning tools are required for their exploration and mapping. Accordingly, this research compared the predictive powers of five machine learning models for groundwater potential spatial mapping in Wadi az-Zarqa watershed in Jordan. The five models were random forest (RF), boosted regression tree (BRT), support vector machine (SVM), mixture discriminant analysis (MDA), and multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS). These algorithms explored spatial distributions of 12 hydrological-geological-physiographical (HGP) conditioning factors (slope, altitude, profile curvature, plan curvature, slope aspect, slope length (SL), lithology, soil texture, average annual rainfall, topographic wetness index (TWI), distance to drainage network, and distance to faults) that determine where groundwater springs are located. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was employed to evaluate the prediction accuracies of the five individual models. Here the results were ranked in descending order as MDA (83.2%), RF (80.6%), SVM (80.2%), BRT (78.0%), and MARS (75.5%).The results show good potential for further use of machine learning techniques for mapping groundwater spring potential in other places where the use and management of groundwater resources is essential for sustaining rural or urban life

Volumetric modulated arc therapy for spine SBRT patients to reduce treatment time and intrafractional motion

Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) is an efficient technique to reduce the treatment time and intrafractional motion to treat spine patients presented with severe back pain. Five patients treated with spine stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) using 9 beams intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) were retrospectively selected for this study. The patients were replanned using two arcs VMAT technique. The average mean dose was 104% ± 1.2% and 104.1% ± 1.0% in IMRT and VMAT, respectively (p = 0.9). Accordingly, the average conformal index (CI) was 1.3 ± 0.1 and 1.5 ± 0.3, respectively (p = 0.5). The average dose gradient (DG) distance was 1.5 ± 0.1 cm and 1.4 ± 0.1 cm, respectively (p = 0.3). The average spinal cord maximum dose was 11.6 ± 1.0 Gy and 11.8 ± 1.1 Gy (p = 0.8) and V10Gy was 7.4 ± 1.4 cc and 8.6 ± 1.7 cc (p = 0.4) for IMRT and VMAT, respectively. Accordingly, the average number of monitor units (MUs) was 6771.7 ± 1323.3 MU and 3978 ± 576.7 MU respectively (p = 0.02). The use of VMAT for spine SBRT patients with severe back pain can reduce the treatment time and intrafractional motion

Jordanian chemistry (student) teachers beliefs about chemistry teaching and their views on educational

This work is an accumulative thesis consists of four main papers. The purpose of this thesis was, to investigate different aspects of (students) teachers beliefs about chemistry teaching in secondary schools for the case of Jordan - a country where the base of knowledge about teachers beliefs is very rare. The principle points that were primarily dealt with are achieving a general overview of chemistry teachers beliefs in Jordan while taking findings from a developed Western country (Germany) and research on a mid-western country with a development level between Jordan and Western Europe (Turkey) as external references. Beliefs to be researched were focusing on curricula and pedagogies in chemistry teaching and learning, the aims and objectives of chemistry lessons, and the nature of good education. Further investigations were made concerning explanations and beliefs for the reasons of the prevalent practice in chemistry education in Jordan and effects of ongoing reform

علاقة السياسة بالدين في الإسلام The Relationship Between Religion ¬¬And Politics In Islam

ملخص يتناول البحث علاقة الدين بالسياسة، والسياسة بالدين بمنظور إسلامي حيث إنه من الموضوعات المثارة على الصعيد الفكري والسياسي، كما أنه موضوع شائك محسوس في واقع المجتمعات الإنسانية. لقد حسمت الدول المعاصرة الأمر بتبني العلمانية بما فيها الدول الإسلامية التي جعلت الدين طقوساً وشعائر ومناسبات. لقد اهتم الباحث ببيان موقف الإسلام تحديداً وبيَّن أن السياسة جزء، من الدين الإسلامي بسبب شموليته، ولهذا ساق الأدلة القرآنية والنبوية والمنطقية ورد على دعاة العلمانية وبعض من تبعهم، مؤكداً أن السياسة جزء من الدين الإسلامي باعتبار كماله وشموله بالنصوص والاجتهاد. إن هذا الشمول هو الذي يميز الإسلام عن غيره. وإذا وجد الآخرون في العلمانية حلاً، فإن هذا الحل لواقعهم ولمحدودية التصورات في أديانهم بخلاف الإسلام الذي ينظم علاقات الإنسان كلها تنظيماً دقيقاً. الكلمات المفتاحية: الدين، السياسة، العلمانية. The Relationship Between Religion ­­And Politics In Islam Abstract This research is mainly conducted to tackle the relationship between politics and Islam and vice versa from this perspective of Islam. In fact, this relationship has become one of the most important issues in the lives of people on both the political and the intellectual levels. More importantly, in many countries, including some Islamic countries secular rituals have already been performed. Thus, the researcher is deeply concerned with clarifying the views of Islam and explaining that politics is a crucial part of Islam due to its inclusiveness. Therefore, some Quranic, prophetic, and logical evidence will be shown to secularists in an attempt to prove that politics and religion are inseparable, and also to prove that even some politicians, whether in authority or in political parties, go back to religious texts for their life issues. Key words: religion, politics, secularism