Early Career Aquatic Scientists Forge New Connections at Eco-DAS XV

A sense of kuleana (personal responsibility) in caring for the land and sea. An appreciation for laulima (many hands cooperating). An understanding of aloha ’āina (love of the land). The University of Hawai’i at Manoa hosted the 2023 Ecological Dissertations in Aquatic Sciences (Eco-DAS) program, which fostered each of these intentions by bringing together a team of early career aquatic ecologists for a week of networking and collaborative, interdisciplinary project development (Fig. 1)

Ideas and Perspectives: A Strategic Assessment of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Measurements In the Marine Environment

In the current era of rapid climate change, accurate characterization of climate-relevant gas dynamics-namely production, consumption, and net emissions-is required for all biomes, especially those ecosystems most susceptible to the impact of change. Marine environments include regions that act as net sources or sinks for numerous climateactive trace gases including methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The temporal and spatial distributions of CH4 and N2O are controlled by the interaction of complex biogeochemical and physical processes. To evaluate and quantify how these mechanisms affect marine CH4 and N2O cycling requires a combination of traditional scientific disciplines including oceanography, microbiology, and numerical modeling. Fundamental to these efforts is ensuring that the datasets produced by independent scientists are comparable and interoperable. Equally critical is transparent communication within the research community about the technical improvements required to increase our collective understanding of marine CH4 and N2O. A workshop sponsored by Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) was organized to enhance dialogue and collaborations pertaining to marine CH4 and N2O. Here, we summarize the outcomes from the workshop to describe the challenges and opportunities for near-future CH4 and N2O research in the marine environment

Carbon and nitrogen cycling in vegetated coastal ecosystems

Coastal ecosystems comprise a relatively small area of the ocean, yet they play a disproportionate role in greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O)) and nutrient cycling. Vegetated coastal ecosystems (e.g., mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrasses) are key drivers of coastal greenhouse gas and nutrient cycling because of their environmental characteristics (e.g., shallow depths, organic matter rich sediments, etc.). My dissertation addresses the role of vegetated coastal ecosystems in greenhouse gas budgets and biogeochemical cycling. In Chapter 1, I conducted a meta-analysis to quantify the global emissions of CH4 from mangrove, salt marsh, and seagrass ecosystems. Here I show that mangrove ecosystems contribute the most CH4 out of these vegetated areas to the global marine CH4 budget. Further, while a well-known negative relationship between salinity and CH4 fluxes exists for salt marshes globally, this relationship does not hold for mangrove or seagrass meadows, suggesting that other environmental drivers are more important for predicting CH4 fluxes in these ecosystems. In Chapter 2, I present in situ fluxes of CH4 and N2O across the sediment-water interface as well as air-sea fluxes in seagrass meadows and adjacent non-vegetated sediments in two temperate coastal lagoons. Here I demonstrate that seagrass meadows can be sources or sinks of CH4 and that N2O uptake can enhance carbon sequestration in seagrass meadows by ~10%. In Chapter 3, I quantify fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous across the sediment-water interface in seagrass meadows and adjacent non-vegetated sediments in the same two coastal lagoons. I found that both seagrass and non-vegetated sediments exhibited dissolved inorganic carbon emission and denitrification, and that dissolved inorganic phosphorous fluxes varied by site and not with vegetation presence. This dissertation highlights the dynamic role coastal ecosystems play in biogeochemical cycling and the importance of vegetated coastal ecosystems in coastal greenhouse gas budgets.2024-10-03T00:00:00

TwotemperateseagrassmeadowsaresmallsourcesofCH4andN2O-Al-Hajetal

Sediment-water interface methane and nitrous oxide fluxes and environmental data collected in East Harbor and Pleasant Bay, Massachusets July - September 2018 and 2019 (NPSE_2019_SWGHGFluxSummary.xlsx). Nitrous oxide and methane, air-sea fluxes, equilibrium, and % saturation in East Harbor and Pleasant Bay, Massachusets July - September 2019 (NPSE_2019_Air-Sea_Flux_06162022.xlsx).</p

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions complicate blue carbon assessments

The role of coastal wetlands as natural ‘blue carbon’ sinks may be counter-acted by emissions of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Site-specific fluxes of these two potent greenhouse gases from coastal wetlands show high spatial and temporal variability , making global estimates sensitive to statistical assumptions and uncertainties. Here, we review the magnitude of CH4 and N2O fluxes from mangroves, saltmarshes and seagrasses and identify direct and indirect drivers that can control production and consumption pathways. Significant research is required to better quantify fluxes and to understand factors causing flux variability from different transport pathways before restoration of coastal blue carbon ecosystems can be reliably used for climate mitigation

عقيدة ياقوت الحموي دراسة تحليلية The doctrine Of Yakott Al- Hamwi , analytical study

him the attention of historians and researchers , past and present were several studies that dealt with his life and upbringing and manners and qualities and elements of his personality and his age and elderly and writings , but there is an important aspect of his life Say to search a creed this encouraged us to go to research and study in this aspect because of its importance came to search the title ( the doctrine of Sapphire Hamwi analytical study ) ' and because the research focused on the doctrine of Sapphire class basis we have adopted sources of difference and Islamic beliefs to define the band , which was said to be influenced by their views , and it was for Magamat linguistic and geographical its role in the definition of certain terms of language and geographical locations

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions complicate the climate benefits of teal and blue carbon wetlands

Blue (coastal wetlands) and teal (inland wetlands) carbon ecosystems are long-term carbon sinks and are regarded as essential natural climate solutions. Yet, the same biogeochemical conditions favoring high carbon storage also promote the production of two potent greenhouse gases (GHGs)—methane and nitrous oxide—which can reduce the climate change mitigation potential of wetlands. Complex processes regulate the production and consumption of the two GHGs, complicating our understanding of wetlands’ net warming or cooling effects on the climate. This primer offers an overview of the current knowledge of wetland GHG dynamics and discusses management actions available to stakeholders to maximize blue and teal carbon potential. Improving our monitoring of these ecosystems will yield more realistic estimates and avoid misrepresenting their true climate change mitigation potential. This is vital for establishing sustainable financial mechanisms (through carbon credits) to manage these ecosystems at scale

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions complicate the climate benefits of teal and blue carbon wetlands

Blue (coastal wetlands) and teal (inland wetlands) carbon ecosystems are long-term carbon sinks and are regarded as essential natural climate solutions. Yet, the same biogeochemical conditions favoring high carbon storage also promote the production of two potent greenhouse gases (GHGs)—methane and nitrous oxide—which can reduce the climate change mitigation potential of wetlands. Complex processes regulate the production and consumption of the two GHGs, complicating our understanding of wetlands’ net warming or cooling effects on the climate. This primer offers an overview of the current knowledge of wetland GHG dynamics and discusses management actions available to stakeholders to maximize blue and teal carbon potential. Improving our monitoring of these ecosystems will yield more realistic estimates and avoid misrepresenting their true climate change mitigation potential. This is vital for establishing sustainable financial mechanisms (through carbon credits) to manage these ecosystems at scale

Fine-Scale Genetic Structure in the United Arab Emirates Reflects Endogamous and Consanguineous Culture, Population History, and Geography

The indigenous population of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has a unique demographic and cultural history. Its tradition of endogamy and consanguinity is expected to produce genetic homogeneity and partitioning of gene pools while population movements and intercontinental trade are likely to have contributed to genetic diversity. Emiratis and neighboring populations of the Middle East have been underrepresented in the population genetics literature with few studies covering the broader genetic history of the Arabian Peninsula. Here, we genotyped 1,198 individuals from the seven Emirates using 1.7 million markers and by employing haplotype-based algorithms and admixture analyses, we reveal the fine-scale genetic structure of the Emirati population. Shared ancestry and gene flow with neighboring populations display their unique geographic position while increased intra- versus inter-Emirati kinship and sharing of uniparental haplogroups, reflect the endogamous and consanguineous cultural traditions of the Emirates and their tribes

Better Together: Early Career Aquatic Scientists Forge New Connections at Eco‐DAS XV

A sense of kuleana (personal responsibility) in caring for the land and sea. An appreciation for laulima (many hands cooperating). An understanding of aloha 'āina (love of the land). The University of Hawai'i at Manoa hosted the 2023 Ecological Dissertations in Aquatic Sciences (Eco-DAS) program, which fostered each of these intentions by bringing together a team of early career aquatic ecologists for a week of networking and collaborative, interdisciplinary project developmen