Betonarme bir yapının güçlendirme öncesi ve sonrası yapı performansının incelenmesi

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Anahtar kelimeler: Statik itme analizi, Betonarme yapıBu çalışmada performans kavramına dayalı, deformasyon kontrollü lineer olmayananaliz yöntemi olan Statik İtme Analizi Yöntemi anlatılmıştır. Bu yöntemkullanılarak yapıların deprem karşısındaki davranışları değerlendirilmiş, depremkuvvetine karşı güvenliğinin kontrolü ve güçlendirme çalışması anlatılmıştır. 1975Deprem Yönetmeliğine göre inşaa edilen betonarme bir yapı üzerinde ayrıntılı birşekilde anlatılan konuların bir uygulaması yapılmştır.Birinci bölümde bu çalışmanın amacı ve bu konunun önemi anlatılmaya çalışılmış,çalışma hakkında genel bir bilgi verilmiştir.İkinci bölümde performans kavramı açıklanmıştır. Yapısal ve yapısal olmayanperformans seviyelerinin, bu seviyelerin birleşiminden oluşan yapı performansseviyelerinin açıklamaları yapılmış ve hangi kriterlerden oluştukları anlatılmıştır.Üçüncü bölümde Statik İtme Analizi açıklanmıştır. Bu analizde kullanılan önemlikavramlar? kapasite spektrumu, talep spektrumu ve performans noktası detaylı birşekilde anlatılmıştır.Dördüncü bölümde Statik İtme Analizini yani deformasyon kontrollü yük artırımyöntemini daha kolay ve hızlı bir biçimde uygulayabilmek amacıyla kullanılanSAP2000 analiz programlarında, yapıyı modellemek için gerekli adımlaraçıklanmıştır. Dört katlı betonarme bir yapının mevcut durumdayken statik itmeanalizi ile göçme yükü ve deprem güvenliği tahkiki yapılmıştır. Elde edilen analizsonuçlarına göre yapıda güçlendirme çalışması yapılmış ve göçme yükü ile depremgüvenliği yeniden belirlenmiştir.Son bölümde analiz sonuçları karşılaştırılmış ve genel bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır.Key Words: Static Pushover Analysis, Concrete structureIn this work, Static Pushover Analysis Method which is a nonlineardeformationcontrolled analysis method according to performance concept has been described. Byusing this method, earthquake behaviors of buildings has been evaluated, securitycontrol against power of earthquake and retrofit works has been described. All themethods described in this work have been applied in detail to a building which hasbeen built according to 1975 Earthquake Regulations.In the first part, the purpose and importance of this work has been described andgeneral information about the work has been given.In the second part, performance concept has been described. Constructional and nonconstructionalperformance levels, and building performance levels comprised bythese levels has been described and the criteria they depend on has been given.In the third part, Static Pushover Analysis has been described. The importantconcepts used in this analysis are? capacity spectrum, demand spectrum andperformance point has been described in detail.In the forth part, necessary steps for modeling the building in SAP2000 analysisprogram which are used to apply Static Pushover Method, namely deformationcontrolled load increase method, faster and more easily, has been given. A concretebuilding with four floors has been investigated in terms of collapsing load with staticpushover analysis. According to the results of the analysis retrofit has been done?collapsing load and earthquake security has been determined.In the final part, a comparison between analysis results has been made and a generalevaluation has been provided

Real-world efficacy and safety of Ledipasvir plus Sofosbuvir and Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir +/- Dasabuvir combination therapies for chronic hepatitis C: A Turkish experience

Background/Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the real-life efficacy and tolerability of direct-acting antiviral treatments for patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with/without cirrhosis in the Turkish population.Material and Methods: A total of 4,352 patients with CHC from 36 different institutions in Turkey were enrolled. They received ledipasvir (LDV) and sofosbuvir (SOF)+/- ribavirin (RBV) ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir +/- dasabuvir (PrOD)+/- RBV for 12 or 24 weeks. Sustained virologic response (SVR) rates, factors affecting SVR, safety profile, and hepatocellular cancer (HCC) occurrence were analyzed.Results: SVR12 was achieved in 92.8% of the patients (4,040/4,352) according to intention-to-treat and in 98.3% of the patients (4,040/4,108) according to per-protocol analysis. The SVR12 rates were similar between the treatment regimens (97.2%-100%) and genotypes (95.6%-100%). Patients achieving SVR showed a significant decrease in the mean serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels (50.90 +/- 54.60 U/L to 17.00 +/- 14.50 U/L) and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores (7.51 +/- 4.54 to 7.32 +/- 3.40) (p<0.05). Of the patients, 2 were diagnosed with HCC during the treatment and 14 were diagnosed with HCC 37.0 +/- 16.0 weeks post-treatment. Higher initial MELD score (odds ratio [OR]: 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-2.38; p=0.023]), higher hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.31-2.28; p=0.038), and higher serum ALT levels (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.21-1.83; p=0.042) were associated with poor SVR12. The most common adverse events were fatigue (12.6%), pruritis (7.3%), increased serum ALT (4.7%) and bilirubin (3.8%) levels, and anemia (3.1%).Conclusion: LDV/SOF or PrOD +/- RBV were effective and tolerable treatments for patients with CHC and with or without advanced liver disease before and after liver transplantation. Although HCV eradication improves the liver function, there is a risk of developing HCC.Turkish Association for the Study of The Liver (TASL

The Singularities Near the Corner of a Viscoelastic Fluid in a 2D Cavity

In this article finite differences are used to study viscoelastic incompressible flow of a Criminale Erickson Filbey fluid in a square cavity flow domain. In this case, the nature of corner singularities is examined in which the fluid is contained and the flow generated by the motion of one or more walls. The governing equations are formulated in terms of stream function and vorticity equation and the corresponding radial parts are defined by a fourth-order non-linear differential equations for Stokes flow. In recent years that mathematical formulations of viscoelastic flows often remain very complex velocity and stress field and then stress singularities are known to occur in several flows as in this article. Therefore, singularity behaviour became a very important current issue in fluid dynamics. However, this article is set up with the aim of examining the corner singularities for cavity driven flow in 2D for viscoelastic flow despite the Newtonian flow being well known. Then we show that the viscoelastic fluid has different singularity behaviour than the viscous fluid near the corner with respect to the shear-rate

Türkiye’de sosyal güvenliğin finansman açıklarının temel dinamikleri üzerine bir analiz

Sosyal güvenlik, sosyal, siyasal ve ekonomik boyutları olan sosyo-politik, moral ve psikolojik bir kavramdır. Temelde hem bireyi hem de toplumsal varlığı koruyan en önemli etkendir. Ancak sosyal güvenlik maliyeti olan bir olgudur. Sosyal güvenliğin bir talep bir de arz boyutu söz konusudur. Aslında sosyal güvenliğin temel sorunu arz ve talebin temel dinamiklerinde yatan ana çelişkilerdir. Bu nedenle sosyal güvenlik sorunlarının temel dinamiklerinin makro ve mikro boyutta ele alınması önem taşımaktadır. Makro boyutta sosyal devletin dönüşüm dinamiklerinin sosyal güvenlikteki yansımaları ve ortaya çıkardığı sonuçlar ile mikro boyutta sosyal sigorta kuruluşlarının yaşadığı sorunlar analiz edilmiştir. Sorunlara ilişkin trendler, bu trendlere ilişkin dinamik süreçler ortaya konduktan sonra; sunulan çözüm alternatiflerinin gerçekleşme imkanının olup olmadığının da bir kritiği yapılmıştır.Social security is a socio-political, ethical and psycholgical concept with its social, political and economical dimensions. Fundamentally it is the main factor that protects both the individual and the social entity. On the other hand social security is a cost bearing fact. Social security has both demand and supply dimentions. Indeed the main problem of social security is caused by the main contradictions between the main dynamics of demand and supply. For this reason it is important to discuss the main dynamics of social security problems in both macro and micro scale. Study aims to analyse the reflections and the results of the dynamics of transformation of the social state in macro scale and the problems of the social insuarance institutions in the micro scale. After explaning the problem related trends, dynamic trends related to these trends, a critique of the possibility of solution alternatives has been done

Making the psycho-technical method ıntegrated with the dimention of transactional analysis on the spiritual design of the business

İşletmeler, sosyo-teknik sistemlerdir. İnsan kaynakları bu sistemin sosyal boyutunu oluşturur. Verimlilik açısından işletme-işgören uyumu büyük önem arz eder. Nasıl ki, ruh insan organizmasının manevi varlığını temsil ediyorsa, aynı şekilde insan kaynakları da bir işletmenin ruhsal boyutunu oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle işletme-işgören uyumunda işgörenlerin kişilik özelliklerinin (ego durumlarının) belirlenmesi ve tasarımı işletmelerin ruh tasarımı anlamına gelmektedir.Businesses are socio-technical systems. Human resources form the social dimension of the system. The harmony between business and labour is very important form the point of view of productivity. Human resources constitute the spiritual side of the business just as the soul represents moral existence of the human organism. So, that the features (ego states) of labour are detemined and designed from the point of view of harmony between business and labour means the spiritual design of the business

Antibiotic Susceptibilities of iPseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae/i and iAcinetobacter baumannii/i Strains Isolated from Patients in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Objective:In this study, it was aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and <i>Acinetobacter baumanii</i> bacteria isolated from blood and endotracheal aspirate samples, and to start the appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment.Materials and Methods:The antibiogram results of the patients’ whose blood and endotracheal aspirate samples sent from Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine Pediatric Intensive Care Unit to our hospital between January 1, 2013-August 30, 2017, and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> bacteria reproduction detecting were evaluated retrospectively.Results:One hundred thirty-five samples sent from a total of 111 patients [65 male (63.6%), 56 female (36.4%)] with a median age of 17 months (7-112) were analyzed retrospectively. Of these samples reproduction of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> were detected in 68 [blood: 31, endotrakealaspirat (ETA): 37], <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> in 42 (blood: 22, ETA: 20), <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> in 25 samples (blood: 18, ETA: 7). Amikacin resistance rate was the lovest antibiotic (23.7%), while cefepime, ceftazidime, meropenem, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin resistance rates were 49.6%, 53.7%, 62.2%, 46.7% and 60%, respectively. Amikacin resistance was determined as 5.9%, 64.3% and 4% for <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, respectively.Conclusion:Our study also suggests that, clinicians should be more careful when deciding to use this drug because of the severe carbapenem resistance for <i>Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas</i> and <i>Klebsiella</i> in Intensive Care Units. It also reveals that amikacin is a good option in empirical treatment

Bee pollen increases hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor and suppresses neuroinflammation in adult rats with chronic immobilization stress

Chronic stress is a potential problem associated with anxiety, depression, and cognitive dysfunction. Bee pollen, a powerful antioxidant, has many therapeutic effects. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of one of the Anatolian bee pollens on depression/anxiety. 24 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups as control, stress, and bee pollen + stress. Bee pollen (200 mg/kg/day) was given to rats exposed to physical stress for 10 days. Open field test (OFT) and forced swimming test (FST) were applied to monitor the behavioral changes of the rats. After behavioral tests, the rats were euthanized. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels were measured by ELISA to evaluate neurological and biochemical changes in rat hippocampal tissue. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels in the brain were evaluated. According to the behavioral test results, bee pollen reduced anxiety-like behavior but did not affect depression-like behavior. We also found that bee pollen suppressed neuroinflammation while reducing oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in hippocampal tissues. Moreover, bee pollen significantly increased the level of BDNF in the hippocampus. In conclusion, bee pollen reduced oxidative damage and neuroinflammation caused by immobilization stress in rat brain tissue. Therefore, we suggest that bee pollen may be an effective natural compound in alleviating the negative effects caused by immobilization stress