Does the heat generated by fluorescence-aided caries excavation system effect the pulp temperature of primary teeth irreversibly? An in-vitro evaluation of the temperature changes in the pulp chamber

This study aimed to analyze the effect of the Fluorescence Aided Caries Excavation (FACE) and the remaining dentin thickness on the temperature changes of the pulp chamber. Freshly extracted deciduous molars and a pulpal microcirculation model were use

BETTER WITH OZONE, OR NOT? AN IN-VIVO STUDY OF OZONE THERAPY AS A PRE-TREATMENT BEFORE FISSURE SEALANT APPLICATION.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate clinical achievements of ClinproTMSealant and Teeth mate F-1 fissure sealants with or without ozone treatment as well as retention, marginal discoloration, marginal adaptation and caries formation under in-vivo conditions. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 166 patients whose ages differs between 9-12 and 3 different groups were formed above them according to split mouth technique, in order to evaluate clinical achievements of fissure sealants with or without ozone treatment. Group 1: ClinproTMSealant and Teethmate F-1 were applied on a total of 104 first lower permanent molar teeth which were randomly selected from 52 patients. Group 2: ClinproTM Sealant and ClinproTM Sealant following ozone treatment were applied on 112 randomly selected teeth of 56 patients. Group 3: Teeth mate F-1 and Teeth mate F-1 following the ozone treatment were applied on 116 first lower permanent molar teeth which were randomly selected from 58 patients. Based on the modified USPHS criteria, the impacts on general achievement, retention, marginal fit, marginal discoloration and caries formation on occlusal surfaces were evaluated in 3rd,6th,12th,18th months. Chi-Square Test and Fisher’s Exact Test were used for analyses of the data. Results: In Group 1; Clinpro™Sealant showed higher clinical success rates in all observation periods. Considering marginal adaptation and retention, Clinpro™Sealant group was statistically significantly different in 18th month observations. In group 2 and group 3, there was not statistically significantly difference (p>0.05) between control and experimental groups but clinical success rates of Clinpro ™ Sealant and Teetmate F-1 with Ozone Treatment were higher than the same groups without ozone pretreatment during all observation periods. Conclusion: It was determined that, ClinproTMSealant yielded more successful results than the Teethmate F-1 under in-vivo conditions. Although there wasn’t any statistically significantly difference between Group 2 and Group 3 in which Ozone as a pretreatment method before performing fissure sealant was considered, the Ozone pretreatment method’s success rates were higher clinically according to Bravo, Alpha and Charlie Scores. It seems that performing Ozone Therapy before applying fissure sealant is a successful method for preventing pit and fissure sealants, clinically

Different epidemiology of bloodstream infections in COVID-19 compared to non-COVID-19 critically ill patients: A descriptive analysis of the Eurobact II study

Background: The study aimed to describe the epidemiology and outcomes of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HABSIs) between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 critically ill patients. Methods: We used data from the Eurobact II study, a prospective observational multicontinental cohort study on HABSI treated in ICU. For the current analysis, we selected centers that included both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 critically ill patients. We performed descriptive statistics between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 in terms of patients’ characteristics, source of infection and microorganism distribution. We studied the association between COVID-19 status and mortality using multivariable fragility Cox models. Results: A total of 53 centers from 19 countries over the 5 continents were eligible. Overall, 829 patients (median age 65 years [IQR 55; 74]; male, n = 538 [64.9%]) were treated for a HABSI. Included patients comprised 252 (30.4%) COVID-19 and 577 (69.6%) non-COVID-19 patients. The time interval between hospital admission and HABSI was similar between both groups. Respiratory sources (40.1 vs. 26.0%, p < 0.0001) and primary HABSI (25.4% vs. 17.2%, p = 0.006) were more frequent in COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients had more often enterococcal (20.5% vs. 9%) and Acinetobacter spp. (18.8% vs. 13.6%) HABSIs. Bacteremic COVID-19 patients had an increased mortality hazard ratio (HR) versus non-COVID-19 patients (HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.49–2.45). Conclusions: We showed that the epidemiology of HABSI differed between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. Enterococcal HABSI predominated in COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients with HABSI had elevated risk of mortality. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.org number NCT03937245. Registered 3 May 2019

Azoles

Azole class of antifungal agents has been used in treatment of invasive fungal infections since 1944. The azoles classified as imidazoles or triazoles according to the number of nitrogen in the azole ring. Fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, ravuconazole, albaconazole and isavuconazole were reviewed in this manuscript

Uluabat Gölü ötrifikasyon kontrolü için maksimum alıcı ortam fosfor yüklerinin belirlenmesi

TÜBİTAK ÇAYDAG15.03.2006Bu çalışma, Uluabat Gölü'ne giden fosfor yüklerinin belirlenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Kalibrasyonu takiben, SWAT ile sediman ve fosfor taşımını modellenmiştir. Modelde kulandan arazi kullanımı ve diğer koşullar için göle yıllık 4 grP/m /yıl'lık bir fosfor yükü ulaştığını sonucuna varılmıştır. Uygulanan gübre miktarı, Emet ve Orhaneli havzalarından gelen yükler ve Uluabat Gölü etrafındaki tarımsal alanların varlığı, göle giden fosfor yüklerini etkilediği sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu faktörlerde yapılan iyileştirmeler sonucunda göle giden fosfor yükünün yarı yarıya azaltılabileceği hesaplanmıştır. Ancak, bu değer hedeflenen 1.0 gP/m2/yıl'dan fazladır Havza için oluşturulan fosfor indeksi, çalışılan havzanın güney kısımları hariç, diğer tüm tarım yapılan alanlarda yüksek fosfor taşınım riski olduğunu göstermiştir. Yağış miktarı ve gübreleme metodu, bu riski arttıran en önemli faktörler olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Gölde yapılan analizler, yaz aylarında alg, ÇO ve besin maddesi konsantrasyonlarının arttığını göstermiştir. Sınırlı sayıdaki ölçümler gölün fosfor kısıtlı olduğunu göstermektedir ancak toplam azotun toplam fosfora oranı nispeten sınırda olduğu için bu kuvvetli bir kısıtı göstermemektedir. WASP ile elde edilen sonuçlar, fosfor yükündeki %50'lik bir azalmanın gölde gözlenen P konsantrasyonlarını önemli ölçüde azaltabileceğini göstermiştir. Ancak sonuçların anlamlı olabilmesi için sediman aktivitesinin de modellenmesi gerekmektedir

The Evaluation of Vancomycin and Daptomycin Susceptibility by E-Test Method in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates

Introduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a nosocomial pathogen that can lead to epidemics and because of its multiple antibiotic resistance, it continues to pose a serious health problem all over the world. In many cases, MRSA becomes resistant to antibiotics in use today, which results in the need for the development of new anti-staphylococcal antibiotics. The first representative of cyclic lipopeptids, daptomycin, in this context, is a new antibiotic among effective anti-staphylococcal drugs. In this study, vancomycin and daptomycin susceptibilities of MRSA strains were investigated with the E-test method. Materials and Methods: In the study, the vancomycin and daptomycin susceptibilities of 51 MRSA strains isolated as cause of infection from various clinical specimens in our hospital were investigated in vitro between the years 2000 and 2006. Susceptibility tests were performed with E-test method by using vancomycin and daptomycin strips in Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) medium. Results: All strains of MRSA were sensitive to vancomycin and daptomycin with E-test method. Vancomycin minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) range was 0.5-1 µg/mL and daptomycin MIC range was 0.094-0.75 µg/mL. Daptomycin MIC50 was 0.25 µg/mL and MIC90 was 0.38 µg/mL; whereas, vancomycin MIC50 was 0.75 µg/mL and MIC90 was 1 µg mL. Conclusion: MIC values determined for vancomycin were at the highest level among the results. That may be taken as a sign of alarm for the resistance and clinical treatment failure of vancomycin. With the low MIC values, daptomycin seems to be a better option in the treatment of MRSA infections

Gastrointestinal and cutaneous anthrax: Case series

WOS: 000466503400007PubMed: 31073544Introduction: Anthrax is a zoonosis affecting herbivorous animals. Its agent is Bacillus anthracis and it is gram positive, aerobic or facultative anaerobic, immobile and has a capsule in the polypeptide structure. The incidence is gradually decreasing in the world and in our country. The disease is especially seen in areas where stock breeding is common. In this case series, 3 cases, one of them was mortal, took place after anthrax infected cow was eaten in February 2018 in Trabzon was shared. Case presentations: In the first case, as a result of the animal's meat was eaten, gastrointestinal anthrax and associated sepsis were seen. This patients blood culture was positive and she was died. Second case after contacting the patient who died, and third case after contacting the animal and eating its meat, diagnosed with cutaneous anthrax. Doxycycline treatment was started with cutaneous anthrax patients, these cases were recovered without any complications. Conclusion: We presented this article, to update our information about gastrointestinal anthrax and other anthrax types which are become a current issue again especially due to bioterrorism and also to keep it in mind in the differential diagnosis although it is rarely seen in our stock raising areas

Cost analysis and evaluation of nosocomial infections in intensive care units

Background/aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate nosocomial infections occurring in our hospital intensive care units (ICUs) and the risk factors for these, and to determine the effect of these infections on mortality and cost. Materials and methods: This retrospective study was performed via infection control committee surveillance data, ICU records, and information processing data between 1 January and 31 December 2013 at the Kanuni Education and Research Hospital. Results: A total of 309 nosocomial infections were observed in 205 out of 566 patients. The density of nosocomial infections was 25.4 in 1000 patient days. Hospitalization was prolonged, and APACHE II and Charlson comorbidity scores were high in patients developing nosocomial infections (P < 0.001). Of the patients diagnosed with a nosocomial infection, 170 died. Infections were determined as the cause of death in 62 (36.5%) of the nonsurviving patients with a nosocomial infection. Acinetobacter baumannii was identified in 46 (74.2%) of the patients that died from nosocomial infections. The mean cost in patients developing a nosocomial infection was 15,229.30 Turkish lira (TL), compared to 9648.00 TL in patients without a nosocomial infection (P = 0.002). Conclusion: Regular infection control education sessions need to be held and the number of nurses needs to be increased in order to be able to reduce this high mortality, morbidity, and cost

An Evaluation of Surgical Prophylaxis Procedures in Turkey: A Multi-Center Point Prevalence Study

WOS: 000373481300007PubMed: 27026760Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate compliance with guidelines in surgical prophylaxis (SP) procedures in Turkey. Materials and Methods: A point prevalence study involving 4 university, 5 education and research and 7 public hospitals was performed assessing compliance with guidelines for antibiotic use in SP. Compliance was based on the "Clinical Practice Guidelines for Antimicrobial Surgery (CPGAS) 2013" guideline. Results: Sixteen centers were included in the study, with 166 operations performed at these being evaluated. Parenteral antibiotic for SP was applied in 161 (96.9%) of these. Type of antibiotic was inappropriate in 66 (40.9%) cases and duration of use in 47 (29.1%). The main antibiotics used inappropriately in SP were ceftriaxone, glycopeptides and aminoglycosides. No significant difference was observed between secondary and tertiary hospitals in terms of inappropriate selection. Duration of prophylaxis was also incompatible with guideline recommendations in approximately half of surgical procedures performed in both secondary and tertiary hospitals, however statistical significance was observed between institutions in favor of tertiary hospitals. Conclusion: Antibiotics are to a considerable extent used in a manner incompatible with guidelines even in tertiary hospitals in Turkey. It must not be forgotten that several pre-, intra- and postoperative factors can be involved in the development of surgical site infections (SSI), and antibiotics are not the only option available for preventing these. A significant improvement can be achieved in prophylaxis with close observation, educational activities, collaboration with the surgical team and increasing compliance with guidelines. All health institutions must establish and apply their own SP consensus accompanied by the guidelines in order to achieve success in SP