THERMAL STRESS ANALYSIS OF HEAVY TRUCK

While braking, most of the kinetic energy are converted into thermal energy and increase the disc temperature. This project consists of thermal stress analysis on heavy truck brake disc rotor for steady state and transient condition. The heat dissipated along the brake disc surface during the periodic braking via conduction, convection and radiation. In order to get the stable and accurate result of element size, time step selection is very important and all of these aspects are discussed in this paper. The findings of this research provide a useful design tool to improve the brake performance of disc brake system

Conceptual Design of Formula Varsity Weight Inspection Fixture Using TRIZ Method

This paper presents the application of Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) to develop new potential solutions at the conceptual design stage of the product. A case study on design of the new UTeM FV Malaysia weight inspection fixture was conducted using the TRIZ method. The design intent was to generate new solution to adress the limitation of the current process in term of difficulty to perform the weighing procedure while still maintaining the capability to be coupled with the existing measurement system. TRIZ engineering contradiction is used to model the problem followed by the application of TRIZ 40 inventive principles method as the model of solution. In the end of the design exercise, 2 new conceptual designs were produced for the new weight inspection fixture. The design improvement proposed was shown able to offer faster inspection process and reduce labour intensity in performing the weighing procedure, without changes to the existing measurement system. In addition, the TRIZ method applied in the project was also able to trigger new perspective in solving contradicting engineering problems using simple and systematic problem solving process

Product Design Improvement of Water Dispenser Tap using Triz Method

To produce the best solution for improving any product design that should be able to satisfy the design requirements (i.e., faster, better and cheaper), there were several stages typically involves the root cause analysis and idea generation activities. In this paper, product design improvement of a water dispenser is demonstrated using Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) method. The objective of this study was to find out the design solution which was able to solve the problem of water spill out that occurred after dispensing water from the dispenser tap. TRIZ Function Model and Engineering Contradiction method were used to model the problem, followed by TRIZ Contradiction Matrix and 40 Inventive Principles to generate potential solutions. The design improvement process based on the TRIZ method generated new concept design of water dispenser tap component which was able to eliminate the water spill out problem, while maintaining the existing dispensing function. In addition, the new dispenser tap conceptual design also required less component to operate compared with the existing design, hence, lowering the product cost

Computation of Eigenvalue-Eigenvector and Harmonic Motion Solution for Laminated Rubber-Metal Spring

This paper presents the modeling of multi-degree-of-freedom on laminated rubber-metal spring in axial direction displacement. Two methods are used which are firstly the eigenvalues and eigenvectors solution and secondly called harmonic motion solution. In eigenvalues and eigenvectors approach, equation of motion of laminated rubber-metal spring is developed using spring-mass system. Then, the equation was rewritten again in matrix and harmonic motion in order to reduce the difficulty and become realistic to be solved using characteristic equation. On the other hand, harmonic motion approach is started from governing equation in term of mode shape. By using this concept, two important equations are finally derived which are displacement and velocity. Using these two methods, finally the maximum displacements of laminated rubber-metal spring are plotted as well as in frequency domain axis. Two types of analysis are considered in this study which are undamped and damped system. Based on the results obtained, the maximum displacement occurred at undamped system. By increasing the number of degree-of-freedom, the displacement is slowly reduced

A STUDY OF DOUBLE-LAYERED WALL AND PRISM DEFLECTOR TO IMPROVE NATURAL VENTILATION IN A CONFINED SPACE

Natural ventilating and cooling strategies need to be considered as a substitute to the present  air conditioning system. However, the effectiveness of the natural air ventilation in providing cooler environment still needs further investigation. This study proposed a new method, using a double-layered wall and a prism deflector to improve air ventilation in a confined space. Experimental and simulation approaches were used in this study. The results yielded that  the double-layered wall and prism deflector configuration can be used to improve air ventilation in the confined space. The significant effect of the prism deflector was dependent on the combination of parameters used. The use of a 45° hole angle inner wall, and a higher prism deflector ratio were able to enhance the air ventilation more effectively

Analysis of Temperature, Pressure and Soot Density on a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine

In order to develop and improves the efficiency of the diesel engine, various of works and researches had been done. The most commonly research studies are internal combustion engine and the emmisions. This study focused on temperature, pressure and soot in a single cylinder diesel engine. Studies using experimental methods require a lot of cost, manpower, time and high technology equipment. Therefore, the simulation such as Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) can be used to conduct a study on the model engine by entering a few geometry settings and types of simulations to be performed. By using CFD FLUENT simulations, this study aims to investigate the distribution of temperature, pressure and soot formation in diesel internal combustion engine. In this study, CFD simulations were conducted on an internal combustion diesel engine model in 2D by using the eddy- dissipation model and non-premixed combustion. All engine parameters and dimensions have been taken from the actual engine model-KM186 KIPOR diesel engine. Results of simulations conducted have found that the maximum pressure obtained was 71.78MPa pressure with a temperature derived at 918K. Both the pressure and maximum temperature obtained from the crank angle of 720° (+0° ATDC). Soot formation is increased dramatically immediately after igniting fuel into the combustion chamber. During combustion, the average value soot density is 0.023284 kg/m3 at 732° (+12° ATDC)

Thermal Analysis of Ventilated Disc Brake Rotor for UTeM Formula Varsity Race Car

A new design of disc brake using ventilated rotor was developed for the UTeM Formula Varsity racing car. Compacted graphite cast iron (CGI) was proposed as the material for the disc brake rotor. Thermal analysis was performed in this project to assess the component performance using ABAQUS/CAE v6.7-1 finite element analysis software both in transient condition. Results from the analysis show that the maximum temperature generated on the disc brake surface at the end of the braking procedure for transient condition was within the allowable service temperature of the ventilated rotor material. Thus, the new disc brake rotor is safe for operation and is expected to perform successfully as per design requirement

THE EFFECT OF ASPECT RATIO ON MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES FILLED EPOXY COMPOSITE AS ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE ADHESIVE

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) filled epoxy resin is a type of Electrically Conductive Adhesive (ECA) that is used as interconnect materials in electronics application. Carbon-based conductive adhesive usually has inferior electrical conductivity to silver but mechanically superior in terms of its bonding integrity. The aim of this paper is to study the effect of aspect ratio on the electrical and mechanical properties of the composite adhesive. The aspect ratio of the two types of MWCNT fillers are of 55.5 and 1666.5. The filler loading for both MWCNTs varies from 5 wt.% to 12.7 wt.%. From the experimental study, the sheet resistance for the ECA with higher aspect ratio is approximately 4.42 kΩ/□ in comparison to only 44.86 kΩ/□ for the ECA with lower MWCNT aspect ratio. Morphological analysis of the ECA showed evidence of MWCNT distribution in the ECA with different diameter size. Nonetheless, the MWCNTs filled epoxy with lower aspect ratio exhibit higher shear strength with a maximum value of 8.08 MPa, in comparison to only 4.68 MPa to that of the ECA with higher MWCNTs aspect ratio, possibly due to the tendency in forming agglomeration of the MWCNT with smaller tube diameter, resulting in weaker interfacial strength

THE EFFECT OF DIESEL AND BIO-DIESEL FUEL DEPOSIT LAYERS ON HEAT TRANSFER

The adhesion of deposits on the combustion chamber wall surface affecting the heat transfer process in an engine that cause engine knock, increase NOx and increase soot generation during the combustion process.  The effect will be more significant when utilizing bio-diesel fuel due to its higher density and viscosity. Thus, this study is intended to investigate the effect of diesel and bio-diesel fuels deposit layers on heat transfer. In this study, deposit layer of diesel fuel (DF) and 5% palm oil based bio-diesel fuel blends (B5) were prepared for surface temperature at 250°C and 357°C by using a hollow cylinder heater. Then, the hollow cylinder covered with deposit layer in its inner surface was inserted in a heat transfer chamber apparatus to investigate its effect on heat transfer to surrounding. Deposit layer for DF that was prepared at surface temperature of 357°C was able to act as insulator which prevents the heat from transferring to the surrounding compared to deposit layer formed at lower surface temperature. However, deposit layer of B5 prepared at surface temperature of 250°C have better insulator properties compared to DF at the same surface temperature

Characteristics of Impingement Diesel SPray Adhesion on a Flat Wall

Many researchers since last decade have been looking forward to improving diesel engine performance through keeping low harmful emission. The aim of this study was to clarify the fundamental characteristics of nonevaporated impinging spray and adhesion behavior of fuel by measuring the adhering fuel mass on a wall. In this study, a fuel injection system, a high pressure vessel and an image processing unit for impingement spray were used. Experimental investigations were carried out with various injection pressures from 40 MPa to 170 MPa and ambient pressures from 0.1 MPa to 4.0 MPa. The impingement distances were set from 30 mm to 90 mm. The results showed the adhered fuel mass was affected by impingement distances. The adhered mass ratio was inversely proportional to injection pressure. At higher ambient pressure and higher the injection pressure, adhered mass fuel tended to decrease. Adhered fuel mass ratio had the potential to decline after reaching its peak when impingement velocity decreased beyond a critical velocity