9 research outputs found

    Représentativité et réactivité du systÚme de surveillance de la FiÚvre Jaune au Togo, 2004-2014: Representativeness and responsiveness of the Yellow Fever surveillance system in Togo, 2004-2014

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    Introduction: Peu d’informations sont disponibles sur le systĂšme de surveillance de la fiĂšvre jaune au Togo. L’objectif est d’évaluer la simplicitĂ©, la reprĂ©sentativitĂ© et la rĂ©activitĂ© de ce systĂšme. MĂ©thodes: Une Ă©tude transversale descriptive a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e de 2015 Ă  2016 Ă  l’Institut Na-tional d’HygiĂšne (INH) qui est le Laboratoire National de RĂ©fĂ©rence (LNR) pour les maladies Ă  po-tentiel Ă©pidĂ©mique du Togo. La base de donnĂ©es de 2004-2014 de la fiĂšvre jaune- rougeole -rubĂ©ole du LNR et le guide de surveillance intĂ©grĂ©e des maladies et riposte, le guide d’évaluation des systĂšmes de surveillance de Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s. Les mĂ©dianes, intervalles interquartiles et les proportions ont Ă©tĂ© calculĂ©s avec Epi Info 7 et Excel 2003. RĂ©sultats: Un cas suspect de fiĂšvre jaune nĂ©cessite une confirmation biologique qui se fait Ă  plusieurs niveaux. Le systĂšme est reprĂ©sentatif de tous les districts, toutes les annĂ©es et de toutes les populations du Togo. Un total de 3054 de cas suspects a Ă©tĂ© notifiĂ© dont 32 cas probables et 12 cas confirmĂ©s, par-mi lesquels, 8 Ă©taient des hommes. Environs 93,01 % (2833) des cas suspects ont Ă©tĂ© prĂ©levĂ©s dans les 14 jours suivants le dĂ©but des symp-tĂŽmes, 28,39% (866) des Ă©chantillons ont Ă©tĂ© acheminĂ©s dans les 72 heures et 77,95% des rĂ©sultats rendus dans les 7 jours rendant le systĂšme peu rĂ©actif. Conclusion: Le systĂšme de surveillance de la fiĂšvre jaune au Togo est reprĂ©sentatif, complexe et peu rĂ©actif. Il s’avĂšre nĂ©cessaire de mettre en place un systĂšme de convoyage rapide des Ă©chantillons. Introduction: Little information is available on yellow fever surveillance system in Togo. The simplicity, representativeness and responsiveness of this system were assessed. Material and Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from October 2015 to February 2016 at the Institut National d’HygiĂšne, the National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for epidemic prone diseases of Togo. We used the yellow fever-measles-rubella database, the integrated dis-ease surveillance and response guideline and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines for surveillance system evaluation. Medians, interquartile intervals and proportions were calculated and presented in tables and figures with Excel 2003 and Epi Info 7. Results: A yellow fever case must be confirmed at several reference levels making yellow fever surveillance complex. This surveillance system is representative of all districts, all years and all populations of Togo. A total of 3054 suspected cases were reported, including 32 probable cases and 12 confirmed cases. Of the confirmed cases, 08 were men. About 93.01% (2833) of the suspected cases samples were taken within 14 days after the symptoms onset, 28,39% (866) of samples were transported within 72 hours and 77, 95% of the results were available within 7 days, making the system unresponsive. Conclusion: The yellow fever surveillance system in Togo is representative, complex, and unresponsive due to the long delay in transporting samples to the NRL. A rapid sample conveying system is recommende

    Augmentation de la rĂ©sistance aux antibiotiques des EntĂ©robactĂ©ries isolĂ©es Ă  l’Institut National d’HygiĂšne de LomĂ© de 2010 Ă  2017: Increase in antibiotic resistance of Enterobacteriaceae isolated at the National Institute of Hygiene of LomĂ© from 2010 to 2017

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    Introduction: La rĂ©sistance des EntĂ©robactĂ©ries aux antibiotiques est un problĂšme d’importance croissante en pratique mĂ©dicale. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de dĂ©terminer le profil de rĂ©sistance aux antibiotiques des EntĂ©robactĂ©ries isolĂ©es Ă  l’institut national d’hygiĂšne (INH) de LomĂ© et d’analyser son Ă©volution dans le temps. MĂ©thodes: Il s’agissait d’une analyse rĂ©trospective, sur une pĂ©riode de huit ans (2010-2017), portant sur l’ensemble des souches d’EntĂ©robactĂ©ries isolĂ©es des prĂ©lĂšvements pathologiques analysĂ©s au laboratoire de bactĂ©riologie de l’INH. RĂ©sultats: Au total, 5910 EntĂ©robactĂ©ries ont Ă©tĂ© isolĂ©es majoritairement des urines (59,59%), avec une prĂ©dominance d’Escherichia coli (63,93%) suivie de Klebsiella spp (22,86%). Entre 2010 et 2017, le taux de rĂ©sistance des souches d’Escherichia coli a augmentĂ© significativement de 18,69% Ă  39,26% (p< 0,0001) Ă  la Ceftazidime ; de 1,68% Ă  40,22% Ă  la Ceftriaxone (p< 0,0001) et de 42,37% Ă  63,23% (p< 0,0001) Ă  la Ciprofloxacine. La rĂ©sistance des souches de Klebsiella spp Ă  la Ceftazidime a augmentĂ© significativement de 25,26% Ă  42,54% (p< 0,0001) et celle Ă  la Ceftriaxone de 2,17% Ă  41,79% (p< 0,0001) respectivement de 2010 Ă  2017. Conclusion: L’augmentation de la rĂ©sistance des EntĂ©robactĂ©ries aux antibiotiques et surtout l’évolution des rĂ©sistances aux CĂ©phalosporines de 3e GĂ©nĂ©ration et aux Fluoroquinolones est un phĂ©nomĂšne rĂ©el. Ceci exposera Ă  des difficultĂ©s de prise en charge thĂ©rapeutique et nĂ©cessite la mise en place des dispositions idoines. Background: Antibiotic resistance in Enterobacteriaceae is a growing problem in medical practice. The objective of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of Enterobacteriaceae isolated at the National Institute of Hygiene (INH) of LomĂ© and to analyse its evolution over time. Method: This was a retrospective analysis, over a period of eight years (2010-2017), of all strains of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from pathological samples analysed in the bacteriology laboratory of the INH. Results: A total of 5910 Enterobacteriaceae were isolated mainly from urine (59.59%), with a predominance of Escherichia coli (63.93%) followed by Klebsiella spp (22.86%). Between 2010 and 2017, the resistance rate of Escherichia coli strains increased significantly from 18.69% to 39.26% (p<0.0001) to Ceftazidime; from 1.68% to 40.22% to Ceftriaxone (p<0.0001) and from 42.37% to 63.23% (p<0.0001) to Ciprofloxacin. Resistance of Klebsiella spp strains to Ceftazidime increased significantly from 25.26% to 42.54% (p< 0.0001) and to Ceftriaxone from 2.17% to 41.79% (p< 0.0001) respectively from 2010 to 2017. Conclusion: The increase in antibiotic resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and especially the evolution of resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones is a real phenomenon. This will lead to difficulties in therapeutic management and requires the implementation of appropriate measures

    Management of acute sickle cell priapism in an African (Togo) pediatric department includes conservative measures and intracavernous epinephrine which is safe and efficacious

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    Abstract Priapism is a well‐known urologic complication of sickle cell anemia. This study describes the results of a protocol for the treatment of acute priapism by intracavernous injection of epinephrine due to unavailability of etilefrine. A descriptive cross‐sectional study of 18 cases of acute priapism in sickle cell patients treated in the pediatric department of the Sylvanus Olympio CHU from January 1 to December 31, 2020. The average age was 21.7 ± 7.7 years, the youngest patient was 8 and the oldest was 32 years old. Students represented 61.1% of the patients. The hemoglobin profiles were homozygous SS (n = 14) and double heterozygous SC (n = 4). Most of the crisis (83.3%) occurred at night. Most of the patients (66.7%) came to the hospital before the sixth hour of crisis, one patient came by the 48th hour. Walking was the most self‐relief method tried by patients (67%). It was followed by a cold penile bath, attempted urination, body bath, and lastly lukewarm bath. Fourteen patients had a history of chronic intermittent priapism. The average pain intensity was 9.5 ± 0.9 with restlessness (33.3%) and crying (33.3%). Fifteen patients were treated upon admission with an intracavernosal injection of epinephrine, and three patients were first drained. Thirteen patients achieved remission immediately, while five patients required a second injection and only one had to be drained before remission. Tolerance was good. One patient had a borderline systolic blood pressure. One erectile weakness case was noticed and no cases of sexual impotence. Epinephrine by intracavernosal injection is an efficient treatment for acute priapism in sickle cell patients. Epinephrine, which has a good tolerance in pediatric and young adult patients, should be used in lieu of etilefrine due to its unavailability in areas where it is unavailable

    Prevalence of syphilis among female sex workers and their clients in Togo in 2011

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    Abstract Background During the last ten years, a resurgence of syphilis has occurred in many countries worldwide, including Togo. Previous studies have shown a wide range of syphilis infection among the female sex workers (FSWs), from 1.5 to 42.1%. In Togo, Key populations, including FSWs, are rarely involved in the sentinel surveillance programs to determine the prevalence of HIV and syphilis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of syphilis among female sex workers (FSWs) and their clients in Togo. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in December 2011 targeting FSWs and their clients in Togo. Among participant who consented, we collected blood samples for syphilis and HIV testing. Results In total, 1,836 participants (1,106 FSWs and 730 clients) were included in the survey. Their mean age was 28.6 ± 9 years. The prevalence of syphilis was 2.2% (2.2% among FSWs compare to 2.3% among their clients, p = 0.82). This prevalence was higher among FSWs over 30 years old compare to those less than 30 years old (Odd Ratio (OR) =5.03; 95% CI [1.95-13.49]). Single FSWs were three times less likely to have syphilis than those living in couple or married (OR = 3.11; CI 95% [1.16-8.83]). Brothel based or declared FSWs were 4 times more likely to be infected by syphilis than secret ones (OR = 3.89; CI 95% [1.60-9.54]). Out of the 1,836 participants of the survey, 165 (8.9%) were HIV positive. Having syphilis was associated with HIV infection (OR = 3.41; IC 95% [1.53-7.41]). Conclusion This study showed that: i) the prevalence of syphilis among FSWs and their clients was high; ii) syphilis was significantly associated with HIV infection. It is necessary to increase awareness campaigns and emphasize on condom use among this key population group

    Connaissance et attitude pratique des sages femmes sur la prevention de la transmission mere-enfant du virus de l’hepatite b a Lome (Togo)

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    Introduction : La prĂ©vention de la transmission mĂšre enfant (PTME) du virus de l’hĂ©patite B (VHB) implique une bonne connaissance du VHB et l’adoption de bonnes pratiques par les sages femmes (SF). L’objectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait d’évaluer les connaissances et les pratiques des SF sur la PTME du VHB.MĂ©thodes : Il s’agit d’une Ă©tude prospective, descriptive et analytique ; Ă©taient incluses dans l’étude, les SF travaillant dans la ville de LomĂ©.RĂ©sultats : 87 SF avaient rĂ©pondu aux questionnaires sur 134 SF (64,9%). Leur Ăąge moyen Ă©tait de 32,9±5ans. La plupart Ă©taient recrutĂ©es en pĂ©riphĂ©rie (41,4%) et travaillaient en salle d’accouchement (79,3%). La moitiĂ© ignorait que le VHB  se transmet au cours de la grossesse (65,5%) ou que le VHB ne se transmet par lors de l’allaitement (60,9%). La plupart des SF (90%) ne savait pas que le risque de transmission du VHB est corrĂ©lĂ© Ă  la prĂ©sence de l’AgHBe. Plus de la moitiĂ© des  SF (65,5%) ne connaissait pas l’existence de l’immunoglobuline anti VHB. Les SF de moins de 5ans d’anciennetĂ© professionnelle avaient la meilleure connaissance (p=0,0382) du vaccin anti VHB et de son intĂ©gration dans le PEV. Toutes les SF (97,7%) pratiquaient systĂ©matiquement le dosage de l’AgHBs, cependant 13,8% ne vaccinaient pas les nouveau-nĂ©s de mĂšres AgHBs positif Ă  la naissance. Presque la moitiĂ© (41,1%) des SF ne referaient pas les mĂšres AgHBs positif vers un spĂ©cialiste. Les SF recrutĂ©es dans les CHU avaient la meilleure pratique de la vaccination du nouveauné à la naissance (p=0,007). Les SF ayant moins de 5ans d’anciennetĂ© professionnelle avaient la meilleurs pratique du dosage de l’AgHBs (p=0,037).Conclusion : Les connaissances des SF sur la PTME sont moyennement bonnes. La pratique de la PTME par les SF serait influencĂ©e par la charge de travail. TrĂšs peu de mĂšres Ag HBs positif Ă©taient suivies en milieu spĂ©cialisĂ© aprĂšs accouchement.Mots clĂ©s : Connaissance, Attitude, Prevention de la transmission mĂšre-enfant, hĂ©patite B, Sage-femm

    Carcinome hepatocellulaire au cours de la grossesse : a propos d’un cas au chu campus de Lome (Togo)

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    Introduction: Le carcinome hĂ©patocellulaire (CHC) est une entitĂ© rare au cours de la grossesse. Le pronostic maternel et foetal est gĂ©nĂ©ralement mauvais. Objectif: rapporter notre expĂ©rience dans la prise en charge d’une jeune femme enceinte porteuse d’un carcinome hĂ©patocellulaire. Observation: Nous rapportons le cas d’une patiente de 37 ans admise au CHU Campus de LomĂ© Ă  un stade tardif avec insuffisance hĂ©patocellulaire. Nous avons analysĂ© l’ñge de la patiente, l’origine virale du cancer, l’existence d’une cirrhose sous jacente, l’ñge gestationnel. Conclusion: Le dĂ©pistage des virus de l’hĂ©patite B et C devrait ĂȘtre systĂ©matique chez toutes les femmes enceintes. Toutes les femmes enceintes porteuses du VHB ou VHC devraient ĂȘtres l’objet d’une surveillance et une prise en charge particuliĂšre afin de faciliter le diagnostic prĂ©coce du carcinome hĂ©patocellulaire sur grossesse.Mots clĂ©s: carcinome hĂ©patocellulaire, grossesse, Togo.English Title: Hepatocellular carcinoma in pregnancy: A case report a the university teaching hospital campus of Lome (Togo)English AbstractIntroduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rare entity during pregnancy. The maternal and fetal prognosis is generally bad.Aim: To report our experience in the case of a pregnant woman carrying hepatocellular carcinoma.Case report: We report the case of a 37 year old patient admitted to the University Teaching Hospital Campus of LomĂ© at a late stage with liver failure. We analyze the age of the patient, the viral origin of cancer, the existence of underlying cirrhosis, gestational age.Conclusion: Screening for hepatitis B and C should be routine for all pregnant women. All pregnant women with HBV or HCV beings should be monitored and special support to facilitate the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in pregnancy.Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, pregnancy, Tog

    Risk factors of hepatitis B virus surface antigen carriage and serological profile of HBsAg carriers in Lomé Togo, 2016

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    International audienceIn Togo, the prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen (HBsAg) among young people aged 15-24 years was estimated at 16.4% in 2010; however, risk factors for HBsAg carriage are poorly documented. We sought to identify risk factors for HBsAg carriage and the serological profile of HBsAg carriers in LomĂ© (capital city of Togo)
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