The truth about "it is true that..."

Deflationism, one of the influential philosophical doctrines of truth, holds that there is no property of truth, and that overt uses of the predicate "true" are redundant. However, the hypothetical examples used by theorists to exemplify deflationism are isolated sentences, offering little to examine what the predicate adds to meaning within context. We oppose the theory not on philosophical but on empirical grounds. We collect 7,610 occurrences of "it is true that" from 10 influential periodicals published in the United States. We classify and annotate these with respect to the positions of coordinating and subordinating conjunctions that they contain. This way we investigate the contextual relationships between the proposition following "it is true that" with its surroundings. Overall, 34 different syntactical patterns are encountered. In some occurrences of "true", the predicate acts in the same manner as a performative verb does. These occurrences, having been observed in linguistically reliable media, constitute pragmatic counter-examples to deflationism. © John Benjamins Publishing Company

An unusual complication after syndesmotic injury: retrotibial heterotopic ossification

A 27-year-old male patient sustained an isolated syndesmotic injury in the right ankle following a fall. His complaints subsided gradually within the first six weeks of conservative treatment. At the end of the third month, he returned to follow-up with posterior ankle pain. Radiological examinations revealed heterotopic ossification adjacent to the posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament and posterior capsule. His complaints disappeared only after local excision of the ossification. Heterotopic ossification may be a cause of persistent pain after ankle ligament injuries

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head after hip arthroscopy

WOS: 000295973300018PubMed ID: 21960450We report a case of a 61-year-old woman who underwent hip arthroscopy for a labral tear. The acetabular labrum was resected arthroscopically. Three months later, magnetic resonance imaging showed avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Theoretically, avascular necrosis following hip arthroscopy may result from traction on vessels supplying the femoral head, direct injury to such vessels during portal entrance, raised intra-articular pressure, prolonged operating time and damage to vessels during bony resection or osteochondroplasty for femoroacetabular impingement. We presume that avascular necrosis in our case was a result of a traction injury and increased intra-articular pressure

Metabolomics approach: Interpretation of changes in rat plasma metabolites after solifenacin treatment

Changes in metabolite levels of patients using the long-term drug can be comprehensively demonstrated by pharmacometabolomic studies. In this study, biological alterations induced by the administration of solifenacin succinate were investigated with a pharmacometabolomics approach on rat metabolism. Plasma samples obtained from rats were analyzed by LC-Q- TOF/MS/MS. METLIN and HMDB databases were used to identify metabolites. Data were processed and classified with MATLAB 2017b. 53 m/z values were found to be significantly different between the drug and control groups (p ≤ 0.01 and fold analysis > 1.5) and identified by comparing METLIN and HMDB databases. According to multivariate data analysis, changes in arachidonic acid, thromboxane A2, palmitic acid, choline, calcitriol, histamine phosphate, retinyl ester, l-cysteine, l-leucine, beta-alanine, l-histidine levels were found to be statistically significant compare to the control group. Differences in the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, aminoacyl-tRNA, tyrosine, tryptophan, metabolism of glycerophospholipid, cysteine, methionine, histidine, arachidonic metabolism have been successfully demonstrated by the metabolomics approach. Our study provides important information to explain the efficacy and toxicity of chronic administration of solifenacin succinate

Isolated HAGL lesion after arthroscopic Bankart repair in a professional soccer player

WOS: 000400001300022PubMed: 28335687Post-traumatic anterior shoulder instability commonly occurs following an avulsion of capsulolabral complex from glenoid (Bankart lesion) or rarely after humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligaments (HAGL lesion). Arthroscopic Bankart repair offers high success rates of healing. However, trauma following the treatment may cause implant failure or re-avulsion of the treated tissue. We aim to present the diagnosis and treatment of an isolated HAGL lesion in a professional soccer player who had previously undergone arthroscopic Bankart repair

FATIGUE STRENGTH OF ANTIBIOTIC-IMPREGNATED BONE CEMENT SAMPLES ON "DAY 0" AND "DAY 15"

WOS: 000329084300017Objective: In this study, we aimed to assses the maximum efficious amount of teicoplanin in a mixture of 40 g CMV3 bone cement mixture, through the fatigue strength factor calculations. Material and Method: Five different doses of teicoplanin (0 mg, 400 mg, 800 mg, 1600 mg ve 3200 mg) were added to 40 g CMV3 bone cement mixture using the third generation cementing technique, then "day 0" and "day 15" groups were formed. Samples that were obtained on day 0 and day 15, were tested through fatigue strength machine to determine the rotational compressive strengths, intake/pulling strengths and four-point bending strengths. Day 0 and day 15 samples were compared statistically according to their fatigue strength values against the varying concentrations of antibiotic mixtures while day samples served as controls. Results: The "day 15" group that had various proportions of antibiotic which release to the surrounding was' compared to "0 mg" control group. While a meaningful reduction could not be identified between 400 mg and 800 mg doses (p>0.05) meaningful (p<0.001) strength reduced was identified between 1600 and 3200 mg doses. Day 0 and day 15 groups "fatigue-treated was applied on equal terms and group 0, 400, and 800 mg of antibiotic mixed samples did not yield any meaningful resistance differences with four points test. However, there was a statistically significant difference between 1600 and 3200 mg of the samples mixed with antibiotics (p<0.0001, p<0.0002). Conclusion: From the fatigue strength aspect, we assesed that 800 mg teicoplanin, is the maximum "efficious" amount of dose that can be added to 40 g CMV3 bone cement mixture

Targeting Periostin Expression Makes Pancreatic Cancer Spheroids More Vulnerable to Natural Killer Cells

Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) characteristically has a dense tumor microenvironment, which results in poor patient prognosis. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are the most abundant cells in the PaCa microenvironment and the principal source of collagen. Periostin, a matricellular protein, is produced specifically by PSCs and promotes the aggressiveness of PaCa cells by facilitating extracellular collagen assembly. Here, we aimed to decrease extracellular collagen assembly by suppressing periostin, thereby increasing the cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells. Periostin expression was suppressed in PSCs (called PSC-P) using CRISPR-Cas9. PaCa cells (BxPC-3) were co-cultured with PSC and PSC-P cells in a 3D environment to form tumor spheroids mimicking the tumor microenvironment. The extracellular collagen production of spheroids was evaluated by Masson’s trichrome staining. The cytotoxic activity of NK-92 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy via CD107a staining. Cell death in BxPC-3 cells was evaluated by measuring Annexin-V and PI positivity using flow cytometry. As a result, periostin suppression decreased extracellular collagen and increased the infiltration of NK-92 cells into spheroids, and induced cell death in PaCa cells. In conclusion, we suggest that periostin might be a therapeutic target for PaCa and further analysis is warranted using in vivo models for proof-of-concept

Targeting Periostin Expression Makes Pancreatic Cancer Spheroids More Vulnerable to Natural Killer Cells

Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) characteristically has a dense tumor microenvironment, which results in poor patient prognosis. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are the most abundant cells in the PaCa microenvironment and the principal source of collagen. Periostin, a matricellular protein, is produced specifically by PSCs and promotes the aggressiveness of PaCa cells by facilitating extracellular collagen assembly. Here, we aimed to decrease extracellular collagen assembly by suppressing periostin, thereby increasing the cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells. Periostin expression was suppressed in PSCs (called PSC-P) using CRISPR-Cas9. PaCa cells (BxPC-3) were co-cultured with PSC and PSC-P cells in a 3D environment to form tumor spheroids mimicking the tumor microenvironment. The extracellular collagen production of spheroids was evaluated by Masson&rsquo;s trichrome staining. The cytotoxic activity of NK-92 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy via CD107a staining. Cell death in BxPC-3 cells was evaluated by measuring Annexin-V and PI positivity using flow cytometry. As a result, periostin suppression decreased extracellular collagen and increased the infiltration of NK-92 cells into spheroids, and induced cell death in PaCa cells. In conclusion, we suggest that periostin might be a therapeutic target for PaCa and further analysis is warranted using in vivo models for proof-of-concept