Pyrroloquinoline quinone supplemented diet enhances metabolism, feed intake and growth in common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) reared at low temperature

A pilot study was conducted to delineate the potential of dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) on Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758, at water temperature of 12-14oC using a recirculatory system with water flow rate of 1.8 l min-1. Six isonitrogenous (32% CP) and iso-caloric (16.7 MJ kg-1) diets were prepared with varying levels of PQQ viz. control (0 mg kg-1), T1 (0.2 mg kg-1), T2 (0.4 mg kg-1), T3 (0.6 mg kg-1), T4 (0.8 mg kg-1) and T5 (1.0 mg kg-1). Two hundred and sixteen common carp juveniles were distributed randomly into control and five treatment groups in triplicates with 12 fish per tub and fed twice daily at satiation level for 30 days. Results indicated that dietary quinone at 0.8 mg kg-1 significantly increased the feed intake and weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) as well as protein efficiency ratio (PER) were significantly higher (p<0.05) than non-quinone fed group. The thyroid hormone levels as well as digestive and metabolic enzyme activities were significantly higher (p<0.05) in treatments than in control. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in liver was significantly higher (p<0.05) in T1, T2 and T5. Catalase activity in gill was significantly higher (p<0.05) in control and lowest in T3 and T4. Therefore, quinone can be used as a feed additive for enhancing feed intake, enzymatic activities and growth during winter

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Not AvailableA 60-day feeding trial was conducted to determine the growth performance andexpression of insulin-like growth factor 1 gene (IGF-I gene) inLabeo rohitafingerlingsfed with either raw, soaked or fermented sweet potato leaf meal (SPLM) by com-pletely replacing de-oiled rice bran (DORB), following a completely randomizeddesign. Seven isonitrogenous (30%) and isocaloric (1.8 MJ/100 g) diets were pre-pared by replacing DORB with 50% and 100% raw, soaked and fermented sweetpotato leaf meal, maintaining DORB-containing diets as a control. Weight gain %,SGR (specific growth rate) and PER (protein efficiency ratio) were significantly(p0.05). Hence, the study concludes that the fer-mented sweet potato leaf meal usingChaetomium globosumcan replace 100% DORBin the diet ofLabeo rohitawithout any detrimental effect on growth performance.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableDigestible carbohydrate in fish feed has protein sparing effect and can reduce the protein requirement. In order to evaluate the effect of different carbohydrate level on the growth performance, physiology and amylase expression of striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) juveniles, a 60 day feeding trial was undertaken. Two purified (isonitrogenous and isolipidogenic) diet with varying digestible carbohydrate level i.e. 20% (T1) and 40% (T2) were prepared and fed to respective groups. Weight gain %, SGR, FER, PER were higher in T2 group. Both the groups showed similar survival rate. In T2, HSI was significantly higher than T1 group. In haematological study, WBC cell numbers declined with the increasing carbohydrate level, whereas RBC and Haemoglobin levels were similar. Amylase activity of both the groups exhibited similar trend as highest activity was recorded on 30th day which decreased gradually. Amylase gene expression also showed similar trend as with enzyme activity, although gene expression were similar after 45 days of feeding. Considering the growth and physiological responses, carbohydrate level in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus diet can be safely increased up to 40%.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableMoringa oleifera (Lam.) is one of the most common medicinal plants and has wide uses in traditional medicine around the globe and its medicinal value due to availability of various phytochemical substances in different plant parts. The aim of the present study was to screen and quantify the amount of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, sterols and tannins in leaves and seeds of Moringa. Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, sterols and tannins were screened in aqueous, ethanol, methanol and chloroform extracts of leaves and seeds. The aqueous extract was found to be the best having all five constituents. The finding of the study gives an indication to expect pharmacological role for Moringa leaves and seeds that can be seen as a potential source of useful drugsNot Availabl

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Not AvailableA 60-days feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the utilisation of sweet potato leaf meal (SPLM) for replacement of de-oiled rice bran (DORB) in the diets of rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) fingerlings. SPLM has good protein content (22.12%) and digestible energy content (11.81 MJ kg-1). Five iso-nitrogenous (30%) and iso-caloric diets (13.5 MJ kg-1) were prepared by replacing DORB with sweet potato leaf meal (SPLM) at 0% (C), 25% (T1), 50% (T2), 75% (T3) and 100% (T4). Each dietary treatment was tested in triplicates with 12 fingerlings per tank, following completely randomised design. The growth performance and feed utilisation parameters viz., weight gain % (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not significantly different (p>0.05) among treatments. The digestive enzyme activity remained unaffected except amylase activity, which increased significantly in 50% SPLM replacement group (T2). Chymotrypsin decreased significantly (p<0.05) in the treatment groups. Metabolic enzymes viz., ATPase activity of liver increased significantly (p<0.05) whereas ALP (alkaline phosphatase) activity in the intestine had irregular pattern. The present study indicates that DORB can be completely replaced by SPLM without affecting growth performance and digestive enzyme activity in the diet of L. rohita.Not Availabl

Nanotechnology as a Novel Tool in Fisheries and Aquaculture Development: A Review

Application of nanotechnology has revolutionized many frontier areas; it is paving a way for the researchers for possible application in all sectors. Nanotechnology holds promise for various aspects of fisheries and aquaculture development, like fish health management, fish breeding, aquatic environment management and other areas. Nanotechnological intervention will help to meet the global challenges associated with aquatic organism production, including environmental sustainability, human health, disease control and food security. This aspect of aquaculture and Fisheries is still in infancy and require attention of the scientific fraternity for its widespread use to harness its potential benefit. In the present paper a review on the application of nanotechnology in fisheries and aquaculture is presented

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Not AvailableA 60-day feeding trial was conducted to illustrate the effect of suboptimal crude pro-tein (CP) levels on growth and physio- metabolic status of Anabas testudineus finger-lings reared in inland saline water (ISW) at 8 g/L salinity. Six isoenergetic (16 MJ/kg) and isolipidic (60 g/kg) diets with 240 (T24), 260 (T26), 280 (T28), 300 (T30), 320 (T32) and 340 (T34) g suboptimal CP/kg diet were formulated. Weight gain (%) and specific growth rate were significantly higher (p < .05) in T32 and T34 groups. Feed conver-sion ratio was significantly lower (p < .05) in T30 and T32 group than the other groups. The protein utilizing efficiency was significantly (p < .05) decreased beyond 320 g CP/kg diet. The protease activity was significantly increased (p < .05) up to 320 g CP/kg diet, whereas amylase activity was significantly higher (p < .05) in 240–260 g CP/kg diets. The transaminase enzyme activities were significantly higher (p < .05), and en-ergy demanding enzymes were significantly lower (p < .05) in 300–340 g CP/kg diets. Fish of T24 and T26 groups had lowest (p < .05) glycogen, erythrocyte count and total protein with highest (p < .05) glucose and antioxidant enzyme activities. In conclusion, feeding 320 g CP/kg diet is recommended for cost-effective growth of A. testudineusreared in ISW at 8 g/L salinity.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableTrifolium alexandrinum is commonly called as Berseem. It has been used to prepare berseem leaf meal (BLM) and leaf protein concentrate (BLPC). Proximate analysis revealed that the crude protein level in BLM and BLPC were 23.98% and 41.67% respectively. Level of anti-nutritional factor especially saponin content in BLM and BLPC were found to be 0.91% and 0.71% respectively. The alkaloids were higher in BLPC (5.55%) and BLM (3.46%). It has been recorded that saponin content reduced to 0.40% in BLM on 24 hours of water soaking. Evidence from the present study suggests that BLM and BLPC can be used as a good protein source in aquafeedNot Availabl

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Not AvailableA 60 days feeding trial was conducted to illustrate the effect of graded levels of protein on the growth and metabolic enzymes of grey mullet (Mugil cephalus L.) fin-gerlings reared in inland saline water (ISW). Six isoenergetic (16 MJ/kg) and isolipidic (60 g/kg) diets containing 240, 260, 280, 300, 320 and 340 g crude protein (CP)/kg diet were formulated and fed to triplicate. Weight gain %, specific growth rate, pro-tein utilizing efficiency, feed efficiency and RNA:DNA ratio were significantly higher (p .05) variations were observed for lactate dehydrogenase, oxida-tive stress enzymes, blood parameters and serum osmolality among all the treatment groups, but red blood cell count increases with increasing dietary CP levels. Based on the results, feeding dietary protein level of 300 g CP/kg is economically viable for rearing of grey mullet in ISW.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableA 45-day feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of feeding graded level of gelatinized starch (GS) on stress parameters, growth and immunity of Labeo rohita. Fish were fed with four semi-purified diets containing 30% crude protein with graded level of gelatinized starch, 30% (T1), 35% (T2), 40% (T3) and 45% (T4). The results exhibited higher weight gain % (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) in 45% GS fed group (T4) with significantly (p < 0.05) lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR). The blood NBT and serum complement 3 (C3), serum protein, albumin and globulin contents were increased with the increase in GS level in the diet. The SOD, catalase, alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in liver increased significantly (p > 0.05) with the increasing level of GS in the diet. In addition, the high carbohydrate level (CHO) 40% and 45% significantly upregulated the mRNA level of immune related genes like Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NFkB) and Interleukin (IL8) in both liver and kidney. Furthermore, highest percentage of survival was found in T4 group after challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila followed by T3 group. The results of the present study suggest that Labeo rohita fingerlings can utilize the high digestible carbohydrate upto 45% without af- fecting growth and immunity.Not Availabl