Effect of synthetic emulsifier and natural biosurfactant on feed process and quality of pelletized feed in broiler diet

A feed production trial was conducted to study the effect of synthetic emulsifier and natural biosurfactant the process and quality of pelletized broiler feed. A corn-soy based broiler diet was formulated with fixed ratio 2:1 of oil-to-water with two types of emulsifiers, namely glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinoleate synthetic emulsifier and lysophosphatidylcholine natural biosurfactant. T1: Basal diet with no water and no emulsifier; T2: Basal diet with water and no emulsifier; T3: Basal diet with water and synthetic emulsifier glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinoleate; T4: Basal diet with water and a natural biosurfactant lysophosphatidylcholine as comparative treatment. The treatment diets were manufactured by a commercial feed mill. The electricity cost and meal temperature were measured during the process of milling. Composite samples were collected from different processed points, tested for physical properties, chemical stability and biostability of pelletized feed. Pellet quality of emulsifier supplemented diets was significantly (p<0.05) improved in crumble and pellet intact form. Correlation between emulsifier and pelletize processed cost was not observed in this present study. No deteriorate effect was observed in hydrolytic rancidity (AV), oxidation rancidity (PV), mold count, moisture content and water activity. However, percentage of starch gelatinization on pelletized feed was significantly (p< 0.0001) improved in both types of emulsifier treated diets. These results demonstrated that the addition of emulsifier to broiler diet improved pellet quality to some extent although significant difference between synthetic emulsifier and natural biosurfactant was not observed

Effects of dietary oil sources and calcium : phosphorus levels on growth performance, gut morphology and apparent digestibility of broiler chickens

Abstract The study investigated the effects of varying dietary calcium (Ca) levels and sources of oil on performance of broiler chickens. A total of 378 one-day-old birds were fed 6% palm oil (PO), soybean oil (SO) or linseed oil (LO) in combination with three levels of Ca, 1%, 1.25% and 1.5%, for six weeks in a 3 x 3 factorial experiment. Birds fed diet supplemented with SO and PO had higher average daily gains, more abdominal fat and greater villi height compared with those fed LO. However, feed efficiency, apparent digestibility of organic matter, ether extract, crude protein and ash were similar across treatments. Regardless of oil source, the chickens fed diets containing 1.5% Ca had a lower bodyweight and apparent digestibility of organic matter, crude protein, ether extract and phosphorus (P) than those fed 1% and 1.25% Ca. In contrast, the birds fed 1.25% Ca had higher ash, Ca and P digestibility than did the 1% Ca birds. Interaction between source of oil and Ca level on mineral digestibility was significant. It can be concluded that palm oil could be used as an alternative to soybean and linseed oils to improve growth performance in broiler chickens. Moreover, increasing the level of Ca to 1.25% can improve broiler performance and apparent nutrient digestibility, regardless of the type of oil used in the current study. _____________________________________________________________________________________

The Growth Efficiency and Carcass Characteristics of Dorper Sheep Treated by Corn Inclusion as Energy into Palm Kernel Cake Based-Diet

This study investigated the effect of energy as partial replacement of a diet based on palm kernel cake (PKC) on the growth performance, nutrient intake, digestibility, carcass quality, and economic cost of Dorper sheep. Twenty-seven Dorper rams (initial body weight 15 ± 0.59 kg) were kept in individual pens and divided randomly into dietary groups consisting of T1: basal diet + 0% corn (control), T2: basal diet + 5% corn, and T3: basal diet + 10% corn. Feed intake was recorded on a daily basis. On day 110, 4 lambs from each group were randomly chosen and transferred into metabolism crates to determine nutrient digestibility and completely randomized design was used. The results showed that high feed intake was in T3 while, the DM, CP, NDF, and ADF digestibility were decreased significantly with the increasing level of corn as an energy source. The carcass cuts were not affected by the dietary treatments. Significant differences were noted in the non-carcass parts (heart, lungs and trachea, defattted kidneys, liver, spleen, and kidney fat) with T3 having the highest value. The feeding cost was slightly increased when PKC was replaced by corn. In conclusion, inclusion of 10% corn as a source of energy in 65.3% PKC as fattening diets had effects on growth BW, ADG, and organs performance on Dorper lambs

Effect of Synthetic Emulsifier and Natural Biosurfactant on Feed Process and Quality of Pelletized Feed in Broiler Diet

ABSTRACT A feed production trial was conducted to study the effect of synthetic emulsifier and natural biosurfactant the process and quality of pelletized broiler feed. A corn-soy based broiler diet was formulated with fixed ratio 2:1 of oil-to-water with two types of emulsifiers, namely glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinoleate synthetic emulsifier and lysophosphatidylcholine natural biosurfactant. T1: Basal diet with no water and no emulsifier; T2: Basal diet with water and no emulsifier; T3: Basal diet with water and synthetic emulsifier glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinoleate; T4: Basal diet with water and a natural biosurfactant lysophosphatidylcholine as comparative treatment. The treatment diets were manufactured by a commercial feed mill. The electricity cost and meal temperature were measured during the process of milling. Composite samples were collected from different processed points, tested for physical properties, chemical stability and biostability of pelletized feed. Pellet quality of emulsifier supplemented diets was significantly (p<0.05) improved in crumble and pellet intact form. Correlation between emulsifier and pelletize processed cost was not observed in this present study. No deteriorate effect was observed in hydrolytic rancidity (AV), oxidation rancidity (PV), mold count, moisture content and water activity. However, percentage of starch gelatinization on pelletized feed was significantly (p< 0.0001) improved in both types of emulsifier treated diets. These results demonstrated that the addition of emulsifier to broiler diet improved pellet quality to some extent although significant difference between synthetic emulsifier and natural biosurfactant was not observed. Abbreviations: AV, acid value; PV, peroxide value; amp, ampere; vol, voltage; T/h, tonne per hour; kW, kilowatt; Aw, water activity; PDI, pellet durability inde

Effects of dietary oil sources and calcium : phosphorus levels on growth performance, gut morphology and apparent digestibility of broiler chickens

The study investigated the effects of varying dietary calcium (Ca) levels and sources of oil on performance of broiler chickens. A total of 378 one-day-old birds were fed 6% palm oil (PO), soybean oil (SO) or linseed oil (LO) in combination with three levels of Ca, 1%, 1.25% and 1.5%, for six weeks in a 3 x 3 factorial experiment. Birds fed diet supplemented with SO and PO had higher average daily gains, more abdominal fat and greater villi height compared with those fed LO. However, feed efficiency, apparent digestibility of organic matter, ether extract, crude protein and ash were similar across treatments. Regardless of oil source, the chickens fed diets containing 1.5% Ca had a lower bodyweight and apparent digestibility of organic matter, crude protein, ether extract and phosphorus (P) than those fed 1% and 1.25% Ca. In contrast, the birds fed 1.25% Ca had higher ash, Ca and P digestibility than did the 1% Ca birds. Interaction between source of oil and Ca level on mineral digestibility was significant. It can be concluded that palm oil could be used as an alternative to soybean and linseed oils to improve growth performance in broiler chickens. Moreover, increasing the level of Ca to 1.25% can improve broiler performance and apparent nutrient digestibility, regardless of the type of oil used in the current study.Keywords: Broiler performance, dietary calcium levels, linseed oil, nutrient digestibility, palm oil, soybean oil, villus heigh

Mycoflora and natural occurrance mycotoxins in corn, soybean meal and wheat pollard in Malaysia

The purpose of this study was to identify the mycoflora and mycotoxins production in corn, soybean meal and wheat pollard in Malaysia. The study demonstrated that corn had significantly higher mycoflora counts as compared to other grains. Corn, wheat pollard and soybean meal contained at least one of the main mycotoxigenic genera such as Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., and Fusarium spp. and the most toxicogenic fungi (15.4% to 75%). All raw materials were contaminated with fungus and mycotoxins have been detected with a various concentration of aflatoxins (AF), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), and deoxynivalenol (DON). Overall results show that corn, soybean meal and wheat pollard contained a higher concentration of AFB2, DON and ZEA contamination. As conclusion, the presence of fungi and mycotoxins indicates the existence of contamination

Effects of bacterial organic selenium, selenium yeast and sodium selenite on antioxidant enzymes activity, serum biochemical parameters, and selenium concentration in Lohman brown-classic hens

This study compares the effects of sodium selenite, selenium yeast, and enriched bacterial organic selenium protein on antioxidant enzyme activity, serum biochemical profiles, and egg yolk, serum, and tissue selenium concentration in laying hens. In a 112-d experiment, 144 Lohman Brown Classic hens, 23-wks old were divided into four equal groups, each has six replicates. They were assigned to 4 treatments: 1) a basal diet (Con), 2) Con plus 0.3 mg/kg feed sodium selenite (SS); 3) Con plus 0.3 mg/kg feed Se-yeast (SY): 4) Con plus 0.3 mg/kg feed bacterial enriched organic Se protein (ADS18) from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteria. On d 116, hens were euthanized (slaughtered) to obtain blood (serum), liver organ, and breast tissue to measure antioxidant enzyme activity, biochemical profiles, and selenium concentration. The results show that antioxidant enzyme activity of hens was increased when fed bacterial organic Se (ADS18), resulting in a significant (P < 0.05) increase in serum GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT activity compared to other treatment groups. However, ADS18 and SY supplementation increase (P < 0.05) hepatic TAC, GSH-Px, and CAT activity, unlike the SS and Con group. Similarly, dietary Se treatment reduced total cholesterol and serum triglycerides concentrations significantly (P < 0.05) compared to the Con group. At 16 and 18 weeks, selenium concentration in hen egg yolks supplemented with dietary Se was higher (P < 0.05) than in Con, with similar patterns in breast tissue and serum. Supplementation with bacterial organic Se (ADS18) improved antioxidant enzyme activity, decreased total serum cholesterol and serum lipids, and increased Se deposition in egg yolk, tissue, and serum. Hence, organic Se may be considered a viable source of Se in laying hens

Fatty Acid Profile, Cholesterol and Oxidative Status in Broiler Chicken Breast Muscle Fed Different Dietary Oil Sources and Calcium Levels

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of three feeds containing 6% oils: palm oil (PO), soybean oil (SO) and linseed oil (LO); and three calcium levels (NRC recommendation, 1.25% and 1.50%) on the fatty acid profile, lipid oxidation and cholesterol concentrations of broiler breast meat in a 3 × 3 factorial experiment. A total of 378 one-day-old chicks were randomly assigned to the diets and fed for six weeks. Birds fed diet supplemented with LO, SO and PO had higher proportions of α-linolenic, linoleic and oleic acids, respectively. The LO diet increased the total n-3 fatty acids and decreased the n-6 : n-3 compared with the PO and SO diets. Birds fed the PO diet had higher oxidative stability and cholesterol compared with those fed the SO and LO diets. However, the level of cholesterol in all treatments was within the normal range. The level of calcium and interaction between source of oil and calcium level did not influence lipid oxidation, fatty acid profile and cholesterol level of broiler breast muscle. It can be concluded that dietary LO and SO enhanced n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, respectively, while dietary PO enhanced the oleic acid and oxidative stability of broiler breast muscle. Thus, this study showed that PO can be used as an alternative oil source in broiler diets with a positive effect on the oxidative stability of chicken meat refrigerated at seven days when compared with vegetable oils that are rich in linoleic and α-linolenic acid.Keywords: Chicken Meat Quality, Dietary Calcium Levels, Linseed Oil, Palm Oil, Soybean Oi