Welfare policy in the presence of unionised labour and internationally mobile firms

In oligopolistic industries that are unionised and may be affected by offshoring, falling offshoring costs have a moderating effect on trade unions. They will accept lower sector wages in order to discourage mobile forms from leaving the country. Since such wages are independent of the workers' domestic outside opportunities, wage moderation - induced by deeper economic integration - creates leeway for the government to engage in redistributive policies even if this improves the workers' domestic outside options. Only if the latter become sufficiently attractive will redistribution induce some offshoring, and it is only at that level that further economic integration will lead to both wage moderation and offshoring activities. Therefore, our analysis suggests that rather than provoking a downsizing of the welfare state, offshoring defines an upper limit for the generosity of the welfare state below which redistribution becomes less instead of more distortive. --offshoring,import competition,wage bargaining,oligopoly,redistribution

Testing the Tax Competition Theory: How Elastic are National Tax Bases in OECD Countries?

To what extent do countries' corporate income tax (CIT) rates attract foreign tax bases? What are the revenue implications of a unilateral tax reduction when tax bases are internationally mobile? These questions are explored using a panel of annual data from 17 OECD countries spanning the period 1982 to 2005. We find significant international fiscal externalities in the form of CIT-induced resource flows. The magnitude, however, indicates that the extent of international corporate tax base mobility is rather modest. Moreover, we find that, on average, a unilateral CIT reduction results in a less-than-proportional increase in the CIT base, thus reducing CIT revenues. The results are robust across a wide range of specifications and point to potential gains from international tax policy coordination.tax competition, corporate income tax base elasticity, instrumental variables, international fiscal externalities, Laffer curve, panel data estimation

INDONESIA STRATEGY OF DIPLOMACY IN PROTECTING FEMALE MIGRANT WORKERS (TKW) IN SAUDI ARABIA DURING THE JOKOWI PERIOD

TKW is an Indonesian resident who meets the prerequisites to work abroad in a business relationship for a certain period. However, there are several problems in the implementation process, such as problems with pre-placement, placement period, and post-placement, which are considered to have many loopholes and are insufficient to protect TKW in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to determine the strategy of Indonesian diplomacy in the protection of Indonesian female workers (Tkw) in Saudi Arabia in the Jokowi era. The study results show that TKW is entitled to protection from their country of origin, namely Indonesia. In addition to the formation of several laws, there are also efforts being made. Such efforts include sending a letter to the King of Saudi Arabia, holding a meeting between the two countries, pleading with Saudi Arabia to protect TKW, who was sentenced to beheading. The request was made not only through letters but also through discussions between the country's two leaders

Flow Analysis in a Direct Borohydride-Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel-Cell Stack

Fuel cells are energy storage devices analogous to batteries in which electrochemical energy is directly converted into electrical energy. The main difference between a fuel cell and a battery is that a fuel cell is an open system allowing for chemicals to flow through while a battery is a closed system. As a consequence, a fuel cell can be turned off by simply stopping the flow. Fuel cells are also very energy dense, due to the fact that it is possible to store the chemicals that flow through them in separate tanks. Additionally, fuel cells do not pollute and, in theory, have a high current efficiency, making them an ideal long-lasting, flexible power source. Research in direct borohydride-hydrogen peroxide fuel cells is still in its early stages, but results have been promising and the assembly process of a low-cost stack design needs to be investigated. This paper concentrates on the development of a computational fluid dynamics model for the flow in a fuel cell with ionic potassium borohydride as the fuel and hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizer. Once this model is developed and verified, it is used in conjunction with the system chemistry to determine the maximum number of cells that can be stacked and the corresponding flow rate that allows every cell to produce power without running out of reactant. The solution is dependent on the current per square centimeter produced by test cells. The results of this study show that a test cell producing 0.4 A/cm2 can be scaled up to a stack of 15 cells with a flow rate of 115 ml/min using the analyzed stack design. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the internal flow through a single cell is conducted to determine possible locations for design improvement to accommodate a large number of high-power stacks (50 or more cells). These results show that the present cell design is adequate for initial stack testing, but not for making large high-powered stacks. Refinements of the fuel cell design will need to be done in the future to allow for more cells to be stacked for higher power outputs. The most important issue to address is reduction of the differential pressure at the inlet and outlet of the cell by eliminating the use of narrow tubing.http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2016/1061/thumbnail.jp

Crisis? consequences on recapitalization and exposure for Cypriot and Greek cooperative banks

The financial crisis of 2008 transformed, in some countries, to economic and social one, created serious problems to the banking system. Capital basis and asset exposures, especially through the non-performing loans, have been the most important. Capital inadequacy caused the failure of banks that didn?t succeed to accomplish the capital requirements set by Basel II obligations.The treatment was not the same for all banks as only those considered as significant banks, for the economy, received capital aid from their state. The paper investigates through capital basis requirements and asset exposures the crisis? consequences on Cyprus and Greek cooperative banks. The consequences were cataclysmic for the cooperative banking systems of the two countries. In Greece, the cooperative banks did not receive any state aid, leading to the bankruptcy of many of them. In Cyprus, once all the cooperative banks were merged into the central cooperative bank, the latter received state aid as it was considered as a significant bank for the national economy. Moreover, the high level of non-performing loans and the new economic environment that the crisis had caused, forced the cooperative banks to change their asset exposures structure and their credit policy

Welfare policy in the presence of unionised labour and internationally mobile firms

In oligopolistic industries that are unionised and may be affected by offshoring, falling offshoring costs have a moderating effect on trade unions. They will accept lower sector wages in order to discourage mobile firms from leaving the country. Since such wages are independent of the workers' domestic outside opportunities, wage moderation - induced by deeper economic integration - creates leeway for the government to engage in redistributive policies even if this improves the workers' domestic outside options. Only if the latter become suffciently attractive will redistribution induce some offshoring, and it is only at that level that further economic integration will lead to both wage moderation and offshoring activities. Therefore, our analysis suggests that rather than provoking a downsizing of the welfare state, offshoring defines an upper limit for the generosity of the welfare state below which redistribution becomes less instead of more distortive

Penerapan Server Web Hosting Berbasis Linux Ubuntu pada Jaringan Komputer SD Negeri 15 Pangkalpinang

The purpose of this research is to implement Server Web Hosting based Linux Ubuntu in Computer System/network of Elementary School 15 (SDN 15) Pangkalpinang, because there is not available of Computer Server Web Hosting as storage media of website based application and school website at Elementary School 15 Pangkalpinang, makes the school wants to create a unit of Server Web Hosting. The research methods of this thesis is analitic method and design method where at analitic method , writer analyzes the needs and with the analysis writer designs the steps to be done. Then , kind of this research is applied research, it means to give solution of a certain problem practically and to support development activities or implementation of a system , such as database, programming language, network concept. In order that project implementation is on time , so project model is used. The result of this is Server Web Hosting which can give services like DNS Server, FTP Server, File Server, Mail Server that can be accessed by clients through certain links. The conclusion, after server is implementatied can facilitate every one to access any informations from Elementary School 15 fast and easily anytime

Emergency TeleOrthoPaedics m-health system for wireless communication links

For the first time, a complete wireless and mobile emergency TeleOrthoPaedics system with field trials and expert opinion is presented. The system enables doctors in a remote area to obtain a second opinion from doctors in the hospital using secured wireless telecommunication networks. Doctors can exchange securely medical images and video as well as other important data, and thus perform remote consultations, fast and accurately using a user friendly interface, via a reliable and secure telemedicine system of low cost. The quality of the transmitted compressed (JPEG2000) images was measured using different metrics and doctors opinions. The results have shown that all metrics were within acceptable limits. The performance of the system was evaluated successfully under different wireless communication links based on real data