Uber den Temperaturanstieg von Zahnen von Kunststoffzahnradern (1. Bericht) : Durch das Eingreifen von Kunststoffzahnradern erzeugte Warmemenge

A rise of the temperature on a plastic gear tooth surface in operation was measured with a thermopaint. The experimental result shows that the temperature on the tooth surface is high near the pitch point. This is not clarified by usual consideration that the friction on the tooth surface leads to the generation of heat. The result may be solved by considering as follows : Since the plastic material is viscoelastic, the change of the strain is delayed to that of the load acting on the tooth surface. Consequently the energy which is internally stored, as an external energy is usually absrobed in a dashpot, causes the generation of heat. The thermal energy is largely stored in a region of a single tooth contact, that is, near the pitch point

Uber den Temperaturanstieg von Zahnen von Kunststoffzahnradern (2. Bericht) : Uber die Gleichgewichtstemperatur von Zahnen von Kunststoffzahnrader

In the case of a plastic gear meshed with a steel pinion, the calculation formulas of the two kinds of heat quantities, generated in a plastic gear tooth and emitted from a rotating high temperature plastic gear tooth to atmosphere were deduced. Furthermore, the calculation formula of the equilibrium temperature of a plastic gear tooth was deduced. And by using these formulas, the equilibrium temperatures were calculated in some examples. On the other hand, by using a power absorption type gear testing machine, the test gears were driven in the same conditions as above mentioned examples, and the equilibrium temperatures of plastic test gears were measured. In comparison of calculation values of equilibrium temperatures with experimental values, both showed comparatively good coincidence

Cord Blood Transplantation from Unrelated Donors for Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Japan: The Impact of Methotrexate on Clinical Outcomes

Cord blood transplantation (CBT) from an unrelated donor is recognized as one of the major treatment modalities in allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) for children with hematologic malignancies. We analyzed the clinical outcomes of CBT for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Japan and identified the risk factors for the transplant outcomes. From 1997 to 2006, 332 children with ALL underwent CBT from unrelated donors, 270 of which had no prior transplant. Their disease statuses at transplant were first complete remission (CR) (n = 120), second CR (n = 71), and more advanced stages (n = 75). As preconditioning for SCT, total body irradiation (TBI) was given to 194 patients and, for the prophylaxis of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), methotrexate (MTX) was given to 159 patients. The cumulative incidents of neutrophil and platelet recovery (>20 K) were 88.5% and 78.4%, respectively. The incidents of grade II-IV, III-IV acute GVHD (aGVHD), and chronic GVHD (cGVHD) were 45.6%, 20.4%, and 19.2%, respectively, and treatment-related mortality was 22.6%. The 5-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) at CR1, CR2, and advanced status were 47.4%, 45.5%, 15.0%, and 63.7%, 59.7%, and 20.7%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that MTX with calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) was associated with decreased incidence of grade II-IV GVHD (CNI alone: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06-2.83, P = .027; CNI + prednisolone (PSL), HR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.03-2.50, P = .036), III-IV aGVHD (CNI alone: HR = 3.02, 95% CI = 1.55-5.91, P = 0.001; CNI + PSL, HR = 1.89, 95% CI = 0.93-3.83, P = .078), or cGVHD (CNI alone: HR = 1.78, 95% CI = 0.83-3.82, P = .143; CNI + PSL, HR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.24-4.82, P = .01), compared with CNI alone or CNI + PSL. At an advanced stage of disease, GVHD prophylaxis with MTX + CNI is associated with improved OS compared with CNI alone (CNI alone: HR = 3.20, 95% CI = 1.43-7.15, P = .005; CNI + PSL, HR = 1.47, CI = 0.67-3.20, P = .332). Our retrospective study showed that CBT for children with ALL is feasible and GVHD prophylaxis with MTX + CNI is associated with significant favorable outcomes in prevention of aGVHD and cGVHD as well as survival advantage in advanced cases

中国上海市小児における乳歯列形態の検討 : 正常咬合児72例の模型から

To obtain the dimensional data of the dental casts of growing and developing Chinese children, and to compare the data to the Japanese, we have performed dental examinations on children in the kindergarten attached to Shanghai Teachers\u27 University in Shanghai since 1996. As study materials, dental casts obtained between 1996 and 1999 from 72 Chinese children aged 3 to 6 years with normal primary occlusion were used to evaluate the mesio-distal crown diameters of the primary teeth, the sizes of the primary dental arch, and the standard values and frequency distributions of primary occlusion. 1. Males showed higher values in mesio-distal crown diameters in deciduous teeth, and the size of dental arch than females. 2. In regard to the interdental spaces both in the maxilla and mandible, primate and developmental spaces together were most frequently observed. 3. In regard to the occlusal relationship, the incidence of terminal planes was higher in the order of Vertical type > Mesial step type > Distal step type, and the incidence of primary canine occlusal relationship was higher in the order of type I>type III>type II. 4. The items that were thought to be characteristic of Chinese children were the frequency of only primate spaces, and the incidence of the Mesial step type of terminal plane and type III primary canine occlusal relationship