Geology and Geohistory of the Northwestern Philippine Sea, with Special Reference to the Results of the Recent Japanese Research Cruises

1) Collection of acidic intrusive rocks, schists and other basement rocks, and Eocene Nummulites is one of the most remarkable results of the recent research cruises in the Philippine Sea. 2) Pre-Cenozoic island arc activity, such as regional low pressure metamorphism, volcanism, and acidic intrusion occurred and formed non-oceanic crust of the Daito Ridge Group Region. These rocks suffered upheaval and subsequent erosion, and then overlain by the shallow sea sediments containing Nummulites and other foraminifers. Differential subsidence occurred in the Oligocene and/or the Miocene. After then, whole Daito Ridge Group Region sunk 1000-2000 m. Activities of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge, such as volcanism, acidic intrusion, and upheaval occurred in the Eocene and the Oligocene. This ridge also sunk at least 600 m, since Late Miocene. It may be assumed that the Kinan Seamount Chain has not appeared before the development of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge. 3) Based upon the results of the recent studies, maturity of the island arcs and ridges is suggested

An Environment for Acquiring and Sharing Arithmetical Word Problems: For Problems Solved by Specific Solution Methods

To realize effective problem-solving practice, the ILE should have various kinds of problems in a large quantity. However, each ILE prepares the problems individually so far. Therefore, to secure enough problems in the quantity and variety is often difficult. To resolve this issue, we designed and developed an environment on internet, which provides a tool to make arithmetical word problems, and categorizes the problems with XML tags, then, supplies the problems for ILEs or users. In this paper, we introduce the description of problem data based on a problem-solving model for arithmetical word problems. Then, the way to make the problems in the environment is explained. The environment can verify logical structure of the problem, but cannot problem sentence. The verification arid revision of problem sentences are carried out when users use the/ problem. The experimental evaluation of this environment is also reported.本研究の一部は，科研費奨励A(13780292), 電気通信普及財団助成，およぴ人工知能研究振興財団の支援を受けた

Geology and geohistory of the northwestern Philippine Sea, with special reference to the results of the recent Japanese research cruises

Geology and geohistory of the northwestern Philippine Sea, with special reference to the results of the recent Japanese research cruise

Vaccine Based on Dendritic Cells Electroporated with an Exogenous Ovalbumin Protein and Pulsed with Invariant Natural Killer T Cell Ligands Effectively Induces Antigen-Specific Antitumor Immunity

(1) Background: Cancer vaccines are administered to induce cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTLs) specific for tumor antigens. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, the specific T cells activated by α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), play important roles in this process as they are involved in both innate and adaptive immunity. We developed a new cancer vaccine strategy in which dendritic cells (DCs) were loaded with an exogenous ovalbumin (OVA) protein by electroporation (EP) and pulsed with α-GalCer. (2) Methods: We generated bone marrow-derived DCs from C57BL/6 mice, loaded full-length ovalbumin proteins to the DCs by EP, and pulsed them with α-GalCer (OVA-EP-galDCs). The OVA-EP-galDCs were intravenously administered to C57BL/6 mice as a vaccine. We then investigated subsequent immune responses, such as the induction of iNKT cells, NK cells, intrinsic DCs, and OVA-specific CD8+ T cells, including tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells. (3) Results: The OVA-EP-galDC vaccine efficiently rejected subcutaneous tumors in a manner primarily dependent on CD8+ T cells. In addition to the OVA-specific CD8+ T cells both in early and late phases, we observed the induction of antigen-specific TRM cells in the skin. (4) Conclusions: The OVA-EP-galDC vaccine efficiently induced antigen-specific antitumor immunity, which was sustained over time, as shown by the TRM cells