Magnetic field-induced one-magnon Raman scattering in the magnon Bose-Einstein condensation phase of TlCuCl3_{3}

We report the observation of the $A_{\rm g}$-symmetric one-magnon Raman peak in the magnon Bose-Einstein condensation phase of TlCuCl$_{3}$. Its Raman shift traces the one-magnon energy at the magnetic $\Gamma$ point, and its intensity is proportional to the squared transverse magnetization. The appearance of the one-magnon Raman scattering originates from the exchange magnon Raman process and reflects the change of the magnetic-state symmetry. Using the bond-operator representation, we theoretically clarify the Raman selection rules, being consistent with the experimental results.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Antioxidant α-tocopherol ameliorates glycemic control of GK rats, a model of type 2 diabetes

AbstractWe have shown recently that oxidative stress by chronic hyperglycemia damages the pancreatic β-cells of GK rats, a model of non-obese type 2 diabetes, which may worsen diabetic condition and suggested the administration of antioxidants as a supportive therapy. To determine if natural antioxidant α-tocopherol (vitamin E) has beneficial effects on the glycemic control of type 2 diabetes, GK rats were fed a diet containing 0, 20 or 500 mg/kg diet α-tocopherol. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test revealed a significant increment of insulin secretion at 30 min and a significant decrement of blood glucose levels at 30 and 120 min after glucose loading in the GK rats fed with high α-tocopherol diet. The levels of glycated hemoglobin A1c, an indicator of glycemic control, were also reduced. Vitamin E supplementation clearly ameliorated diabetic control of GK rats, suggesting the importance of not only dietary supplementation of natural antioxidants but also other antioxidative intervention as a supportive therapy of type 2 diabetic patients

Voxel‐based specific regional analysis system for Alzheimer’s disease utility as a screening tool for unrecognized cognitive dysfunction of elderly patients in diabetes outpatient clinics: Multicenter retrospective exploratory study

AIMS/INTRODUCTION: An efficient screening strategy for identification of cognitive dysfunction remains a clinical issue in the management of elderly adults with diabetes. A magnetic resonance imaging voxel-based specific regional analysis system for Alzheimer's disease (VSRAD) has been developed as an automated brain morphometry system that includes the hippocampus. We carried out a multicenter retrospective study to evaluate the utility of VSRAD for screening cognitive dysfunction in diabetes outpatient clinics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled patients with diabetes aged >65 years who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging scans for the purpose of a medical checkup between November 2018 and May 2019. Patients who were already suspected or diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment and/or dementia as well as those with a history of cerebrovascular disease were excluded. RESULTS: A total of 67 patients were enrolled. Five patients were diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment or dementia (clinical cognitive dysfunction). Patients with clinical cognitive dysfunction showed a significantly higher z-score in VSRAD analysis (2.57 ± 0.47 vs 1.15 ± 0.55, P < 0.01). The sensitivities and specificities for diagnosis of clinical cognitive dysfunction were 80 and 48% for the Mini-Mental State Examination, 100 and 89% for the z-score, and 100 and 90% for the combination of the Mini-Mental State Examination score and z-score, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: VSRAD analysis can distinguish patients with clinical cognitive dysfunction in the elderly with diabetes, and also shows reasonable sensitivity and specificity compared with the Mini-Mental State Examination alone. Thus, VSRAD analysis can be useful for early identification of clinical cognitive dysfunction in the elderly with diabetes

ニホンジン セイジョウ タイトウノウシャ ニ オケル ベータ サイボウ ノ キノウ オヨビ インスリン カンジュセイ ノ テイカ

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(医学)甲第10033号医博第2543号新制||医||816(附属図書館)UT51-2003-H454京都大学大学院医学研究科内科系専攻(主査)教授 中尾 一和, 教授 福井 次矢, 教授 清野 裕学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDA

Early phase glucagon and insulin secretory abnormalities, but not incretin secretion, are similarly responsible for hyperglycemia after ingestion of nutrients

AbstractAimsHypersecretion of glucagon and reduced insulin secretion both contribute to hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, the relative contributions of impaired glucagon and insulin secretions in glucose excursions at the various stages of T2DM development remain to be determined.MethodsThe responses of glucagon and insulin as well as those of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were examined before and after ingestion of glucose or mixed meal in Japanese subjects with normal or impaired glucose tolerance (NGT and IGT) and in non-obese, untreated T2DM of short duration.ResultsIn OGTT, T2DM showed a rise in glucagon at 0–30min, unlike NGT and IGT, along with reduced insulin. In MTT, all three groups showed a rise in glucagon at 0–30min, with that in T2DM being highest, while T2DM showed a significant reduction in insulin. Linear regression analyses revealed that glucose area under the curve (AUC)0–120 min was associated with glucagon-AUC0–30 min and insulin-AUC0–30 min in both OGTT and MTT. Total and biologically intact GIP and GLP-1 levels were similar among the three groups.ConclusionsDisordered early phase insulin and glucagon secretions but not incretin secretion are involved in hyperglycemia after ingestion of nutrients in T2DM of even a short duration

Efficacy and Safety of 6-Month High Dietary Protein Intake in Hospitalized Adults Aged 75 or Older at Nutritional Risk: An Exploratory, Randomized, Controlled Study

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of increased dietary protein in daily-life settings in Japan for 6 months on the activities of daily living (ADL) in adults aged 75 or older at nutritional risk. The study was an open-label, exploratory, randomized controlled trial conducted at seven hospitals in Japan. The study participants were adults aged 75 or older who were hospitalized for treatable cancer, pneumonia, fractures, and/or urinary-tract infection at nutritional risk. The primary outcome was change in grip strength, skeletal muscle, and ADL indices (Barthel index, Lawton score). One hundred sixty-nine patients were randomly assigned to the intensive care (IC) or standard care (SC) group; the protein intake goals (g/kgw/day) were 1.5 for IC and 1.0 for SC. There was a significant improvement in grip strength only in the IC group (1.1 kg: 95% CI 0.1 to 2.1) (p = 0.02). While the skeletal muscle index and ADL indices were not significantly improved in either group, the improvement ratio tended to be greater in the IC group. There was no decrease in renal function in either group. Thus, intervention of increased dietary protein in daily-life settings for 6 months in adults aged 75 or older with treatable cancer, pneumonia, fractures, and/or urinary-tract infection and at nutritional risk may be effective in ameliorating loss of muscle strength