Studies on Bluing Effect in the Petals of Red Rose VII. : Cytological Observation on the Epidermal Cells of Bluing Petals Incorporated into the Miscellaneous-type.

The miscellaneous-type of bluing in rose petals (YASUDA and KIKUCHI, 1978) was re-examined using the following five cultivars: Cardinal de Richelieu, Blue Boy, Reine des Violettes, Shigyoku, and Samurai. The massive structures appearing in the epidermal cells of their petals showed striking similarity to the anthocyanophore-like structure in some rose petals which was reported by YASUDA in 1974b, 1976 and 1979 at three points: 1) staining features both with ruthenium red and safranine, 2) developmental process, 3) behaviors against weak acids. From these results, it was proposed that the bluing pattern exhibited in such roses as five cultivars mentioned above should be separated from the miscellaneous-type as a new group of bluing, an anthocyanophore-type.Article信州大学理学部紀要 20(1): 15-20(1985)departmental bulletin pape

The Possibility of Precise Positioning in the Urban Area

A third civil frequency at 1176.45MHz will be added to the GPS system.QZSS (Quasi Zenith Satellite System) proposed by Japan will also have thenew signal. This new frequency and the advent of QZSS will greatly enhancethe accuracy, reliability and robustness of civilian GPS receivers. One of theseenhancements is that it is possible to determine the GPS phase ambiguitiesmore or less instantaneously. This performance will have a tremendous impacton navigation. In this paper, the possibility of precise positioning in the urbanarea is examined from a point of instantaneous ambiguity resolution.A typical QZSS constellation, a third civil frequency andambiguity_estimation for triple-frequency data is discussed. The simulator forprecise positioning includes multipath effect which has been developed is alsodiscussed. To reflect multipath effect, the following points are considered:Building reflection, building diffraction, ground reflection, antenna pattern, andcorrelator selection. It is confirmed that a third civil frequency could make itmuch easier to resolve ambiguities more quickly and the advent of QZSS helpsto increase visible satellites in the urban area (Asian area). Although nextgeneration satellite positioning system doesn’t provide perfect navigation,improved performance could be realized

Tree-Like Features Formed on Photoelectrochemically etched n-GaN surfaces ―Revelation of threading dislocations in GaN―

Electrochemical etching behavior of n-type GaN films grown on sapphire has been studied under UV (λ=325 nm) light illumination. As the cases for photoelectrochemical etching of n-type GaAs and InP, three different features appear on etched n-GaN surfaces depending on current density for etching; a high density (10^10 cm^<-2>) of tree-like protrusions at a lower c-urrent density, a relatively flat surface at an intermediate current density, and peeling of the film from the substrate at a higher current density. From the shape and the density of tree-like protrusions, in addition to the analogy of these results with those for n-type GaAs and InP, it is reasonable to conclude that tree-like protrusions formed at a low current density are due to threading dislocations involved in n-GaN films. Thus, the photoelectrochemical etching is found to become a convenient method to detect dislocations in n-type III nitride materials

The in vitro real-time oscillation monitoring system identifies potential entrainment factors for circadian clocks

BACKGROUND: Circadian rhythms are endogenous, self-sustained oscillations with approximately 24-hr rhythmicity that are manifested in various physiological and metabolic processes. The circadian organization of these processes in mammals is governed by the master oscillator within the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Recent findings revealed that circadian oscillators exist in most organs, tissues, and even in immortalized cells, and that the oscillators in peripheral tissues are likely to be coordinated by SCN, the master oscillator. Some candidates for endogenous entrainment factors have sporadically been reported, however, their details remain mainly obscure. RESULTS: We developed the in vitro real-time oscillation monitoring system (IV-ROMS) by measuring the activity of luciferase coupled to the oscillatory gene promoter using photomultiplier tubes and applied this system to screen and identify factors able to influence circadian rhythmicity. Using this IV-ROMS as the primary screening of entrainment factors for circadian clocks, we identified 12 candidates as the potential entrainment factor in a total of 299 peptides and bioactive lipids. Among them, four candidates (endothelin-1, all-trans retinoic acid, 9-cis retinoic acid, and 13-cis retinoic acid) have already been reported as the entrainment factors in vivo and in vitro. We demonstrated that one of the novel candidates, 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2 )(15d-PGJ(2)), a natural ligand of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), triggers the rhythmic expression of endogenous clock genes in NIH3T3 cells. Furthermore, we showed that 15d-PGJ(2 )transiently induces Cry1, Cry2, and Rorα mRNA expressions and that 15d-PGJ(2)-induced entrainment signaling pathway is PPAR-γ – and MAPKs (ERK, JNK, p38MAPK)-independent. CONCLUSION: Here, we identified 15d-PGJ(2 )as an entrainment factor in vitro. Using our developed IV-ROMS to screen 299 compounds, we found eight novel and four known molecules to be potential entrainment factors for circadian clocks, indicating that this assay system is a powerful and useful tool in initial screenings

Observation of the 4f146s2 1S0−4f135d6s2(J=2)4f^{14}6s^{2}~^1S_0- 4f^{13}5d6s^{2}(J=2) clock transition at 431 nm in 171^{171}Yb

We report on the observation of the $4f^{14}6s^{2}~^1S_0- 4f^{13}5d6s^{2}(J=2)$ transition at 431 nm in $^{171}$Yb by depleting atoms in a magneto-optical trap formed by the $6s^{2}~^1S_0-6s6p~^3P_1$ intercombination transition. The absolute frequency of the transition to the $F=3/2$ state is determined to be $695~171~054~858.1(8.2)$~kHz against physical realization of Coordinated Universal Time maintained by the National Metrology Institute of Japan with a frequency comb. The $g$ factor of the transition to the $F=3/2$ state and the A hyperfine constant are measured to be $g_J=1.54(13)$ and 1123.273(13)~MHz, respectively. More precise spectroscopy of this transition can lead to searches for time variation of the fine structure constant and searches for new physics with isotope shift measurements.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Widely Extended [OIII] 88 um Line Emission around the 30 Doradus Region Revealed with AKARI FIS-FTS

We present the distribution map of the far-infrared [OIII] 88um line emission around the 30 Doradus (30 Dor) region in the Large Magellanic Cloud obtained with the Fourier Transform Spectrometer of the Far-Infrared Surveyor onboard AKARI. The map reveals that the [OIII] emission is widely distributed by more than 10' around the super star cluster R136, implying that the 30 Dor region is affluent with interstellar radiation field hard enough to ionize O^{2+}. The observed [OIII] line intensities are as high as (1-2) x 10^{-6} W m^{-2} sr^{-1} on the peripheral regions 4'-5' away from the center of 30 Dor, which requires gas densities of 60-100 cm^{-3}. However the observed size of the distribution of the [OIII] emission is too large to be explained by massive stars in the 30 Dor region enshrouded by clouds with the constant gas density of 10^2 cm^{-3}. Therefore the surrounding structure is likely to be highly clumpy. We also find a global correlation between the [OIII] and the far-infrared continuum emission, suggesting that the gas and dust are well mixed in the highly-ionized region where the dust survives in clumpy dense clouds shielded from the energetic photons.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan (PASJ

To a Mecca of Satellite Navigation Research

東京海洋大学名誉教授/大学院海洋科学技術研究科特任教

Low energy indium or gallium ion implantations to SiO2 thin films for development of novel catalysts

It has been demonstrated that indium (In) implanted silicon dioxide (SiO thin films catalyze a reaction of benzhydrol with acetylacetone. In this study, it is found that the threshold In ion incident energy for manifestation of the catalytic effect exists between 400 and 470 eV. Furthermore, a technique to implant gallium (Ga) to SiOfilms has been developed with highly controlled doses and injection energies for the formation of thin films that promote Ga catalysts. The efficiency of catalytic reactions by Ga implanted SiOthin films is yet to be improved. Unlike In implanted SiO2, the reason why no significant reaction was observed in the case of Ga implanted SiOfilms examined in this study seems that the Ga ion energy was so low that deposited surface Ga atoms should lack interactions with Si atoms for the manifestation of catalytic reaction. © 2014 The Surface Science Society of Japan.Satoru Yoshimura, Masato Kiuchi, Yoshihiro Nishimoto, Makoto Yasuda, Akio Baba, Satoshi Hamaguchi, Low Energy Indium or Gallium Ion Implantations to SiO2 Thin Films for Development of Novel Catalysts, e-Journal of Surface Science and Nanotechnology, 2014, Volume 12, Pages 197-202, Released April 26, 2014, Online ISSN 1348-0391, https://doi.org/10.1380/ejssnt.2014.197, https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ejssnt/12/0/12_197/_article/-char/e

Autoimmunity to citrullinated type II collagen in rheumatoid arthritis

The production of autoantibodies to citrullinated type II collagen and the citrullination of type II collagen were analyzed in rheumatoid arthritis. Autoantibodies to citrullinated type II collagen were detected in 78.5% of serum samples from 130 rheumatoid arthritis patients. Autoantibodies to native noncitrullinated type II collagen were detected in 14.6% of serum samples, all of which were positive for anti-citrullinated type II collagen antibodies. Serum samples were also positive for anti-citrullinated type II collagen antibodies in 1 of 31 systemic lupus erythematosus patients and 2 of 55 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. In contrast, sera samples from 24 systemic sclerosis patients, 21 dermatomyositis/polymyositis patients, 21 ankylosing spondylitis patients, and 18 psoriatic arthritis patients were all negative for anti-citrullinated type II collagen antibodies. Anti-citrullinated type II collagen antibodies and fragments of citrullinated type II collagen were found in the synovial fluid obtained from affected knee joints of 15 rheumatoid arthritis patients. Moreover, anti-citrullinated type II collagen antibodies were isolated from the synovium of affected knee joints in 8 rheumatoid arthritis patients using antigen/antibody immunocomplex dissociation buffer but not by using standard buffers. These findings indicate that autoantibodies that react with citrullinated type II collagen are specifically produced and that immunocomplexes composed of fragments of citrullinated type II collagen and autoantibodies are deposited in the inflamed articular synovium in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Assaying for the presence of anti-citrullinated type II collagen antibodies may therefore be useful for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis, and the deposition of these immunocomplexes in the articular synovium may be involved in pathogenesis