Research about connection between physiological feature and habitable area from a point of view against risk of photoinhibition in terrestrial photosynthetic organisms in Antarctica

第6回極域科学シンポジウム[OB] 極域生物圏11月17日（火）　統計数理研究所 セミナー室1（D305

Trends in places and causes of death among centenarians in Japan from 2006 to 2016

Aim Amid the global aging, an establishment of healthcare policies for the aged population is a common issue to be addressed. However, few studies on centenarians have reported place and cause of death (PoD and CoD, respectively) as indicators of end-of-life care quality. This study aimed to analyze trends in PoD and CoD among centenarians in Japan. Methods Data from death certificates from Japanese vital statistics were analyzed; 205 513 deaths occurred among centenarians (aged ≥100 years) in Japan during the period from 2006 to 2016. PoD prevalence was calculated for each CoD. Trends in PoD prevalence were analyzed using the Joinpoint regression model. Changing points, annual percentage changes, and average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) were calculated to examine trends. Results The number of deaths more than doubled from 10 340 in 2006 to 26 427 in 2016. PoDs were composed of hospitals (52.7%), nursing homes (31.4%), own homes (13.6%) and others (2.2%). Dementia and old age increased rapidly as CoD. Proportions of hospital and home deaths decreased, with AAPCs of −2.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], −2.6 to −1.9) and −2.3% (95% CI, −3.2 to −1.4), respectively. Conversely, the proportion of deaths in nursing homes rapidly increased, with an AAPC of 6.8% (95% CI, 6.0–7.7). Conclusions The results revealed changes in PoD among centenarians in Japan. Understanding these transitions is indispensable for health policy in aging societies

Effects of PPIs and vonoprazan on VEGF expression in cancer cells

Background. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are potent inhibitors of gastric acid secretion, used as first-line agents in treating peptic ulcers. However, we have previously reported that PPIs may diminish the therapeutic effect of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs in patients with cancer. In this study, we explored the effects of vonoprazan, a novel gastric acid secretion inhibitor used for the treatment of peptic ulcers, on the secretion of VEGF in cancer cells and attempted to propose it as an alternative PPI for cancer chemotherapy. Methods. The effects of PPI and vonoprazan on VEGF expression in cancer cells were compared by real-time rt-PCR and ELISA. The interaction of vonoprazan and PPIs with transcriptional regulators by docking simulation analysis. Results. In various cancer cell lines, including the human colorectal cancer cell line (LS174T), PPI increased VEGF mRNA expression and VEGF protein secretion, while this effect was not observed with vonoprazan. Molecular docking simulation analysis showed that vonoprazan had a lower binding affinity for estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α), one of the transcriptional regulators of VEGF, compared to PPI. Although the PPI-induced increase in VEGF expression was counteracted by pharmacological ER-α inhibition, the effect of vonoprazan on VEGF expression was unchanged. Conclusions. Vonoprazan does not affect VEGF expression in cancer cells, which suggests that vonoprazan might be an alternative to PPIs, with no interference with the therapeutic effects of anti-VEGF cancer chemotherapy

Differential effects of proton pump inhibitors and vonoprazan on vascular endothelial growth factor expression in cancer cells

Background. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are potent inhibitors of gastric acid secretion, used as first-line agents in treating peptic ulcers. However, we have previously reported that PPIs may diminish the therapeutic effect of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs in patients with cancer. In this study, we explored the effects of vonoprazan, a novel gastric acid secretion inhibitor used for the treatment of peptic ulcers, on the secretion of VEGF in cancer cells and attempted to propose it as an alternative PPI for cancer chemotherapy. Methods. The effects of PPI and vonoprazan on VEGF expression in cancer cells were compared by real-time rt-PCR and ELISA. The interaction of vonoprazan and PPIs with transcriptional regulators by docking simulation analysis. Results. In various cancer cell lines, including the human colorectal cancer cell line (LS174T), PPI increased VEGF mRNA expression and VEGF protein secretion, while this effect was not observed with vonoprazan. Molecular docking simulation analysis showed that vonoprazan had a lower binding affinity for estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α), one of the transcriptional regulators of VEGF, compared to PPI. Although the PPI-induced increase in VEGF expression was counteracted by pharmacological ER-α inhibition, the effect of vonoprazan on VEGF expression was unchanged. Conclusions. Vonoprazan does not affect VEGF expression in cancer cells, which suggests that vonoprazan might be an alternative to PPIs, with no interference with the therapeutic effects of anti-VEGF cancer chemotherapy