Amino acid sequence of reconstructed bacterial ancestral NDK, Bac4nh

Amino acid sequence of Bac4nh, a last bacterial common ancestor of nucleoside diphosphate kinase inferred using a non-homogeneous evolution model

Amino acid sequence of reconstructed last universal common ancestral NDK, Com3nh

Amino acid sequence of Com3nh, a last universal common ancestor of nucleoside diphosphate kinase inferred using a non-homogeneous evolution model

Amino acid sequence of reconstructed last universal common ancestral NDK, Com4nh

Amino acid sequence of Com4nh, a last universal common ancestor of nucleoside diphosphate kinase inferred using a non-homogeneous evolution model

La Petite presse : journal quotidien... / [rédacteur en chef : Balathier Bragelonne]

02 février 18691869/02/02 (A4,N1020)

La Petite presse : journal quotidien... / [rédacteur en chef : Balathier Bragelonne]

22 septembre 18691869/09/22 (A4,N1252)

Comparison of community structure using the weighted UniFrac method based on the 16S rRNA gene clone library data.

<p>(A) 3D plot resulting from PCoA. The percentages in the axis labels represent the percentages of variation explained by the first, second, and third principal coordinates (PC1 to PC3, respectively). (B) UPGMA (unweighted pair group method using average linkages) tree resulted from cluster analysis. * and ** indicate <i>p</i> values of <0.0001 and <0.005, respectively, determined by ANOSIM test between two groups of libraries. Data for the crusts (red), sediments (green), and seawater (blue) are shown. The rarefied number of sequences used in the calculation was 51 (i.e., the minimum number of clones for each clone library).</p

Archaeal and bacterial communities in deep-sea hydrogenetic ferromanganese crusts on old seamounts of the northwestern Pacific

<div><p>Deep-sea ferromanganese crusts are found ubiquitously on the surface of seamounts of the world’s oceans. Considering the wide distribution of the crusts, archaeal and bacterial communities on these crusts potentially play a significant role in biogeochemical cycling between oceans and seamounts; however little is known about phylogenetic diversity, abundance and function of the crust communities. To this end, we collected the crusts from the northwest Pacific basin and the Philippine Sea. We performed comprehensive analysis of the archaeal and bacterial communities of the collected crust samples by culture-independent molecular techniques. The distance between the sampling points was up to approximately 2,000 km. Surrounding sediments and bottom seawater were also collected as references near the sampling points of the crusts, and analyzed together. 16S rRNA gene analyses showed that the community structure of the crusts was significantly different from that of the seawater. Several members related to ammonia-oxidizers of <i>Thaumarchaeota</i> and <i>Betaproteobacteria</i> were detected in the crusts at most of all regions and depths by analyses of 16S rRNA and <i>amoA</i> genes, suggesting that the ammonia-oxidizing members are commonly present in the crusts. Although members related to the ammonia-oxidizers were also detected in the seawater, they differed from those in the crusts phylogenetically. In addition, members of uncultured groups of <i>Alpha</i>-, <i>Delta</i>- and <i>Gammaproteobacteria</i> were commonly detected in the crusts but not in the seawater. Comparison with previous studies of ferromanganese crusts and nodules suggests that the common members determined in the present study are widely distributed in the crusts and nodules on the vast seafloor. They may be key microbes for sustaining microbial ecosystems there.</p></div

List of the samples used in the present study.

<p>List of the samples used in the present study.</p

Venn diagrams showing numbers of unique and shared OTUs of <i>amoA</i> genes for the crust samples of the Takuyo-Daigo Seamount.

<p>Comparison of bacterial <i>amoA</i> OTUs (A) among habitat types and (B) among water depths, and archaeal <i>amoA</i> OTUs (C) among habitat types and (D) among water depths are shown. Numbers in circles and in parentheses indicate the numbers of OTUs. Names of the common OTUs among them are shown.</p

OTUs of commonly detected in the ferromanganese crusts and nodules.

<p>OTUs of commonly detected in the ferromanganese crusts and nodules.</p