Frequency of Meningitis in Neonatal Sepsis

Objective: The aim of current study was to examine the frequency of meningitis in infants having late onset sepsis (LOS). Bacterial sepsis and meningitis endure to be leading causes of illness and mortality in neonates around the world, predominantly in preterm neonates. They must be discovered and cured as soon as possible to avoid death or disability. Study Design: The Cross-Sectional method was used to conduct a study. Duration and Place of Study: The study period was July to December 2021. Data was collected from Pak Emirates Military Hospital (PEMH) NICU Rawalpindi. Material and Method: The study comprised a total of 110 individuals, both male and female. All of them were older than 3 days and had been hospitalized and diagnosed with late onset sepsis. A neonate was diagnosed with meningitis if his or her cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) had > 30 leukocytes/mm3 and any of these two: >200 mg/dl protein or 40 mg/dl glucose. Results: Out of 110 infants having LOS 38 were diagnosed with meningitis in which 21(55.2%) were male and 17(44.8%) were female. Overall mean weight of neonates was 2.38±1.72. A total of 24(63.1%) having low body weight and 22(57.8%) were premature. Meningitis was found to have a significant association with low bod weight and pre-term birth (p value<0.05). Conclusion: Meningitis was considerably high in neonates with (LOS). Low body weight and pre-term birth had significant association with meningitis having (LOS).

Role of green innovation and sustainable supply chain management in firm internationalization

Purpose: Purpose of this study is to explore the nature of relationship between internationalization of firms, sustainability of their supply chains, and the extent of their green innovations. Understanding of the relationship between these constructs is important because of the ever increasing sustainability awareness of consumers in the leading economies of the world. This awareness is now compelling importers of goods from cheap-labor countries to ensure that their suppliers comply with sustainability regulations. This compliance becomes very challenging because of the lack of control on second-tier and third-tier suppliers in a supply chain. First-tier suppliers in this case may drive this effort but need to be motivated enough to do so. In case of environmental sustainability, green innovation (GI) may provide a gradual, and thus more affordable and practical, move toward more eco-friendly ways. As far as the motivation to commit to sustainability and GI is concerned, internationalization and export business expansion may act as one of the most effective motivators for these suppliers. However, the nature of relationship between these three constructs, i.e. internationalization of firms, sustainability of their supply chains and the extent of their GI requires a better understanding.Design/methodology/approach: The work uses a novel data set collected from 146 medium and large textile firms operating in Pakistan. The partial least square-structural equation modeling approach is used for data analysis.Findings: All three constructs of internationalization, GI and sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) are significantly associated and thus complement each other.Originality/value: This work uses a novel agency theory perspective to analyze the relationship between internationalization, GI and SSCM. In that sense, the findings indicate that internationalization could be one of the incentives that can be used by the principals to deal with agents’ goal conflict and information asymmetry.</p