Safety Barrier Certificates for Stochastic Control Systems with Wireless Communication Networks

This work is concerned with a formal approach for safety controller synthesis of stochastic control systems with both process and measurement noises while considering wireless communication networks between sensors, controllers, and actuators. The proposed scheme is based on control barrier certificates (CBC), which allows us to provide safety certifications for wirelessly-connected stochastic control systems. Despite the available literature on designing control barrier certificates, there has been unfortunately no consideration of wireless communication networks to capture potential packet losses and end-to-end delays, which is absolutely crucial in safety-critical real-world applications. In our proposed setting, the key objective is to construct a control barrier certificate together with a safety controller while providing a lower bound on the satisfaction probability of the safety property over a finite time horizon. We propose a systematic approach in the form of sum-of-squares optimization and matrix inequalities for the synthesis of CBC and its associated controller. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach on a permanent magnet synchronous motor. For the application of automotive electric steering under a wireless communication network, we design a CBC together with a safety controller to maintain the electrical current of the motor in a safe set within a finite time horizon while providing a formal probabilistic guarantee

Magnetic nanoparticles: preparation, physical properties, and applications in biomedicine

Finally, we have addressed some relevant findings on the importance of having well-defined synthetic strategies developed for the generation of MNPs, with a focus on particle formation mechanism and recent modifications made on the preparation of monodisperse samples of relatively large quantities not only with similar physical features, but also with similar crystallochemical characteristics. Then, different methodologies for the functionalization of the prepared MNPs together with the characterization techniques are explained. Theorical views on the magnetism of nanoparticles are considered

Quantum dots: synthesis, bioapplications, and toxicity

This review introduces quantum dots (QDs) and explores their properties, synthesis, applications, delivery systems in biology, and their toxicity. QDs are one of the first nanotechnologies to be integrated with the biological sciences and are widely anticipated to eventually find application in a number of commercial consumer and clinical products. They exhibit unique luminescence characteristics and electronic properties such as wide and continuous absorption spectra, narrow emission spectra, and high light stability. The application of QDs, as a new technology for biosystems, has been typically studied on mammalian cells. Due to the small structures of QDs, some physical properties such as optical and electron transport characteristics are quite different from those of the bulk materials

Effect of Nano-Capsules Containing Risedronate on Calvarial Bone Formation in Rabbit: Radiography and Biochemical Investigation

Objective: The main purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of nano-capsules containing risedronate on calvarial bone formation in rabbit. Materials and Methods: Fifteen adult rabbits were allocated to the study. Four holes were created in the calvarial bone. Holes 1-4 were filled as described below: hole 1 was right unfilled and kept as control; hole 2 was filled with nano bone; hole 3 was filled using an autogenous bone; and hole 4 was filled with a mixture of nano-capsules containing risedronate. At 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgery, blood samples were obtained and red blood cell, white blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean cell volume, mean cell HGB and platelet counts were determined. Then animals were scarified and bone density was determined using radiography images. Results: Bone formation in nano risedronate + autograft and autograft were 0.31 ± 0.03 and 0.25 ± 0.02, respectively, while in nano risedronate and control groups were 0.11 ± 0.01 and 0.08 ± 0.02, respectively (P 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest nano risedronate + autograft has positive effects on calvarial bone defects healing in rabbit