Frequency of Sports Trauma in Elite National Level Greco-Roman Wrestling Competitions

Background: Trauma is an inescapable part of sports competitions. It occurs more frequently in contact sports such as wrestling. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of injury in Greco-Roman style wrestling competitions at national level. Patients and Methods: This descriptive epidemiological research included 50 Greco-Roman style wrestlers who participated in national level competitions between the years 2003 and 2008. A questionnaire was completed by each participant, itincluded; the number of injuries to skin, muscle tissue, bones and joints. The reliability of the instrument was evaluated by a test – retest method (r = 0.83, P = 0.0001). Results: The most frequent injuries encountered by the wrestlers were; skin lesions (62%), followed by muscle (22%), bone (9%) and joint (7%) injuries, respectively. Conclusions: Greco-Roman style wrestlers are at high risk of skin injuries.Therefore, they need appropriate instructions on how to avoid injuries and adequate care after their competitions

The role of pre-participation cardiac evaluation in the management of an athlete with premature ventricular contraction-induced cardiomyopathy: a case report.

Background: Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are commonly observed during pre-participation cardiac screening in elite athletes. There is an ongoing debate about the clinical significance of PVCs in athletes and whether burden, morphology, or both should be used to differentiate benign PVCs from PVCs suggestive of cardiac disease. Case summary: A 28-year-old male athlete was evaluated as part of the pre-participation screening programme. He was asymptomatic, without specific cardiac signs and symptoms. A 12-lead electrocardiogram showed bigeminy PVCs with infundibular morphology and left ventricular outflow tract origin. Left ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction without valvular lesions was detected on echocardiography. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed biventricular dilatation and dysfunction without evidence of myocardial fibrosis or fatty infiltration. A 48 h Holter monitoring showed 75191 PVCs (35% of total beats). Radiofrequency ablation was performed, and post-ablation assessments showed no PVCs with normalized ventricular function and dimension. Discussion: This case demonstrated that a high PVC burden of common morphology does not also represent a benign finding and requires a comprehensive evaluation to rule out any pathological condition. Furthermore, the present case highlights the critical role of pre-participation cardiac evaluation in identifying cardiac disease in asymptomatic athletes

Effect of 8 weeks Resistance Training on BDNF and TrkB in the Hippocampus of Adult Male Rats

Background & aim: Exercise enhances the synaptic plasticity and neuroprotective effects in the adult brain. However, it remains unknown that how plasticity molecules change following types of training. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of eight weeks resistance training on protein levels of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor(BDNF) and receptor of TrkB, in the hippocampus of adult male rats. Methods: In this experimental study, twelve adult male rats, 8 weeks of age, with an average weight of 200 to 225 grams were randomly divided into two groups, control and exercise respectively. The exercise was to increase the weight on the ladder. 24 hours after their last training session. The animals were killed and the hippocampus was removed for further testing. ELISA determined changes in protein levels. Data were analyzed by independent t test. Results: There was a significant difference between train and control groups In protein level of variables statically (p≤0.05). In addition, protein levels of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus of rats increased. Conclusion: Resistance training is beneficial for promoting hippocampal plasticity associated with BDNF signaling and consequently functional and cognitive benefits

Effect of Municipal Solid Waste Compost and Sewage Sludge on yield and Yield Components of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L. )

Abstract In order to investigate the effect of municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) and sewage sludge (SS) on yield and yield components of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) an experiment was conducted in greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Municipal solid waste compost at 0, 15, 30 ton/ha (C0, C15 and C30) and sewage sludge at 0, 15, 30 ton/ha (S0, S15 and S30) were used in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications. Results showed that municipal solid waste compost and sewage sludge and their interaction effects had significant effects on plant height, number of capsule per plant, number of seeds per capsule, number of seeds per plant, seed yield, biomass and 1000 seed weight. Increasing of sewage sludge amount from 15 to 30 ton/ha increased all measured parameters. But with increasing of municipal solid waste compost from 15 to 30 ton/ha, plant height, number of capsule per plant, number of seeds per capsule, number of seeds per plant, seed yield, biomass and 1000 seed weight were decreased. Interaction effects of municipal solid waste compost and sewage sludge showed that yield and yield components in all treatments were increased with the exception of treatment that contained 30 ton/ha municipal solid waste and 0 ton/ha sewage sludge (C30S0). Use of high amounts of municipal solid waste compost (>15 ton/ha) had a detrimental effect on yield and yield components of black cumin. Keywords: Nigella sativa, Municipal solid waste compost, Sewage sludge, Yield and yield component

Epidemiology of sports injuries referring to Kashan University of Medical Sciences Trauma Research Center from 2005 to 2011

Objective Among the injury types, sports ones constitute a considerable proportion of patients who refer to the medical centers. This research was conducted to examine the frequency of sports-related injuries referring to Kashan University of Medical Sciences Trauma Research Center from 2005 to 2011. Methods This was a retrospective research in which existing data from the data bank of Kashan University of Medical Sciences Trauma Research Center were employed. The data were extracted from the main source by SPSS version 16.0. Variables such as age, education, occupation and gender were analyzed. Results The highest proportion of injuries was observed in students (59.4) followed by workers (11.8). Upper and lower extremities were most commonly injured. The most frequent injury was strain (35.4), followed by sprain (27.7). Conclusion The results of this research showed that the majority of the sports trauma occurrs in students; therefore, they need more attention in regard to sports injuries. Preventive measures such as informing the coaches and teachers as well as increasing the students' awareness about the injury risk can decrease the incidences of sports injuries. © 2014 Daping hospital and the Research Institute of Surgery of the Third Military Medical University

Study of sport trauma in men's sport leagues of Kashan during 2008-9

Background: Athletes participating in sport competitions are faced with the risk of trauma. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of trauma injuries in men’s sport leagues of Kashan during 2008-9. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, all injuries during sport league competitions were recorded by attending the sport arenas during 2008-9. Results: A total of 160 trauma cases were recorded during 146 events. The highest number of trauma was observed in handball and taekwondo competitions with 45 (25.6%) and 35 (21.9%) cases, respectively. Conclusion: Athletes involved in sport leagues require appropriate training and adequate protection through the use of protective devices to avoid injuries