Substance Abuse in Addicts Referred to Public and Private Substance Abuse Treatment Centers

Aims Drug addiction is a mental, social, and economic problem that comes from abnormal and illicit consumption of substances such as alcohol, opium, hashish, and etc., making the addict psychologically and physiologically dependent to those substances. This study was designed and performed to evaluate the pattern of drug abuse change in the addicts visiting addiction treatment centers of Kashan City, Iran. Instrument & Methods This retrospective descriptive research was performed on 4066 persons referred to addiction treatment and harm reduction therapy centers, monitored by Kashan University of Medical Sciences, during 2004 to 2008. After coding, data were entered into the SPSS 16 software. Chi-square and one-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data. Findings The main reasons of the tendency to drugs were not having fun (72.5%), family problems (55%) and not having knowledge (22.7%). The use of opium was the highest in all the years while the crack was used by 7.1% of drug addicts in 2004 and increased to 76% in 2007. 92.8% of drug abuses were through fumigation, 33.7% through injection, 48% orally and 8.6% through inhalants. Conclusion Youths are the most vulnerable age group to drug addiction. Easy access to illegal drugs, wrong friends, and curiosity are of the significant factors spreading drug addiction

Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Related Risk Factors among the Water-Counter Manufacturer Workers

Aims Musculoskeletal disorders are common occupational hazards and disabilities in developing countries. This study was to assess postures and determine musculoskeletal disorders in employees of a water flow meter manufacturing factory in Iran. Materials & Methods In this descriptive analytical study that was done among workers of Iran Ensheab Factory from Water-Counter Manufacturing industry in Qom province in 2013, 85 workers from different departments were selected by objective sampling method. Demographic data of the workers like age, sex, period of work experience, weight and height were recorded in a checklist and “Rapid Upper Limb Assessment” approach and Nordic questionnaire were used for data gathering. Data analysis was done by SPSS 16 software using independent T and Chi-square tests. Findings There was a significant correlation between musculoskeletal disorders and movement postures of shoulder, lumbar, pelvic and knee. There were significant correlation between work experience (p<0.05) and unit of working (p<0.05) and musculoskeletal disorders. Conclusion Most of the workers of water-counter manufacturing industry are from level 2 according to “Rapid Upper Limb Assessment” approach and lumbar disorders are the most prevalent work-related musculoskeletal disorders