Antioxidant Potential of Psoralea corylifolia and Psoralea esculenta seeds: Comparative Study

The Psoralea corylifolia L. & Psoralea esculenta seeds are traditionally used herbal medicine, but its comparative antioxidant activity has not been studied. The methanolic crude extracts of Psoralea corylifolia & Psoralea esculenta seeds were screened for their free radical scavenging properties using ascorbic acid as standard antioxidant. Free radical scavenging activity was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. The overall antioxidant activity of Psoralea corylifolia was found to be the strongest. The IC50 values of the extracts found 0.14 ± 0 & 0.05 ± 0 mg/l respectively. The ascorbic acid levels found19.3 ± 0.10 &11.7 ± 0.49 mg/100g andthe carotenoids content were observed 28.65 ± 0.24 &16.82 ± 1.16 mg/100g in plant extracts. The highest total phenols content were found to be in Psoralea corylifolia with the value 31.2 ± 0.24 mg/g.The present study reveals that the selected plants would exert several beneficial effects by virtue of their antioxidant activity and may be taken for drug formulation. Keywords: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl, antioxidant, phenol, radical scavenger

Confusion Between the Seasonal Influenza (Flu) and the Pandemic Covid-19: A Short Communication

<p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection, while influenza viruses cause the seasonal influenza (flu). Since some of the symptoms are common, it can be difficult to distinguish between them solely on the basis of symptoms. In this review, we discussed about how people frequently confuse the seasonal influenza and the pandemic Covid-19. Although they share several similar characteristics, there are significant differences between them, and more is being discovered every day. Self-diagnosis and treatment are riskier and can result in more severe illnesses, so it is always preferable to see a doctor, get your symptoms evaluated to confirm the diagnosis, and receive the appropriate medication.</p&gt

English: English

The present study was designed to evaluate the beneficial synergistic effects of S-allyl Cysteine (SAC) and Taurine (TAU) on hyperglycemia, lipid profile and renal damage markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rats. Experimental T2DM was developed by administering an intraperitoneal single dose of nicotinamide (NA; 230 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (STZ; 65 mg/ kg) in adult rats. Control and diabetic rats were treated with SAC (150 mg/kg); TAU (200 mg/ kg) or SAC and TAU (75+100 mg/kg) combination for four weeks. Measurements of traditional markers of kidney toxicity in serum, such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), together with serum cholesterol/triglyceride such as serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) may yield a snapshot of renal damage and lipid profile in NA/STZ-treated rats. The variation in levels of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin and lipid profile was significantly augmented in SAC/TAU treatment group. The diabetic group showed elevated renal injury markers in serum, which were decreased significantly by SAC/TAU treatment. Thus the results of the experiment clearly indicate the potential of the SAC/TAU combination in improving diabetic complications

Augmentation and Evaluation of an Olive Oil Based Polyherbal Combination against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Experimental Model of Rodents

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that is prima facie a cause for numerous macro and micro vascular complications. A common macroscopic complication associated with diabetes is cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy refers to diseases of the heart muscle, where the heart muscle becomes enlarged, thick, or rigid. As cardiomyopathy worsens, the heart becomes weaker and is unable to conduct the right amount of blood through the body and maintain a normal electrical rhythm. This can lead to heart failure or arrhythmias. Chronic diabetes is one of the instigating factors behind the etiology of this cardiac complication. Type-II diabetes is associated with impaired glucose metabolism that increases the dependence of a diabetic heart on fatty acid oxidation to meet its functional demands, resulting in mitochondrial uncoupling, glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity and initially subclinical cardiac dysfunction that finally gives way to heart failure. The increasing diabetic population with cardiac disorders and the ironically decreasing trend in newer medications to counter this complication leave us at a crossroads for pharmacological management of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Keeping this in view, the present study proclaims a newly developed polyherbal combination (PHC) with three herbs, namely Tinospora cordifolia, Withania somnifera and Boerhavia diffusa based in olive oil and administered in fixed dose (PHC-6 and PHC-10) to screen its cardioprotective potential against a well-established experimental model for diabetic cardiomyopathy. The three herbs mentioned have been known through the traditional literature for their antidiabetic and cardioprotective roles, hence they became the obvious choice. The study follows an experimental model proposed by Reed et al., where the capacity of the β-cell is unobtrusively impeded without totally compromising insulin release, bringing about a moderate disability in glucose resilience. Various sophisticated parameters, namely intraventricular septum thickness of hearts, Western blot of α/β- MHC monoclonal antibody (Ab), cardiac pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity, medium chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD) enzyme, etc. showed promising results where treatment with PHC (PHC-6 and PHC-10) significantly (*** p p < 0.0001) prevented the symptoms of cardiomyopathy in subsequent groups when compared to disease control group

S-Allyl-L-Cysteine — A garlic Bioactive: Physicochemical Nature, Mechanism, Pharmacokinetics, and health promoting activities

S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC) is a sulfur-containing substance found in aged garlic extract (AGE), which has been observed to have numerous biological activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Compared to intact garlic, SAC has fewer odors and decreased toxicity, making it a more appealing option for individuals looking to gain the health benefits of garlic without experiencing unpleasant side effects such as indigestion and bad breath. SAC has been found to have potent antioxidant effects, protecting the body against oxidative stress and damage caused by free radicals. This may be particularly beneficial for those with chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer, where oxidative stress plays a key role in disease progression. Additionally, SAC has anti-inflammatory effects, which may help prevent or manage conditions associated with chronic inflammation, such as arthritis, asthma, and Alzheimer's disease. SAC is a chemically and physiologically fascinating substance with multiple pharmacological qualities, and as research continues into its potential health benefits, it may become an increasingly popular dietary supplement. The main aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive overview on physicochemical nature, mechanism, pharmacokinetics, and physiological functions of SAC