2,3-Dimeth­oxy-5,12-tetra­cenequinone

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C20H14O4, is approximately planar [maximum deviation 0.168 (2) Å]. The two meth­oxy groups are slightly twisted relative to the plane of the 5,12-tetra­cenequinone system, with twist angles of 3.3 (3) and 5.6 (2)°. All O atoms are involved in intermolecular C—H⋯O inter­actions and the mol­ecules are arranged into slipped face-to-face stacks along the b axis via π–π inter­actions with an inter­planar distance of 3.407 (2) Å

A generalized complementarity approach to solving real option problems

This article provides a unified framework for analyzing a wide variety of real option problems. These problems include the frequently studied, simple real option problems, as described in More specifically, all of the present real option problems can be directly solved by reformulating their optimality condition as a dynamical system of generalized linear complementarity problems (GLCPs). This enables us to develop an efficient and robust algorithm for solving a broad range of real option problems in a unified manner, exploiting recent advances in the theory of complementarity problems. JEL classification: C61; C63; D92; E22; G3

Effect of Activating Metalinguistic Awareness on the Performance by Learners of English : Preliminary Research on Syntactic Intuition

外国語の学習においてメタ言語意識を活性化させることは重要だと考えられている。特に，日本のように限られた量のインプットしか与えられない環境においてはなおさらである。メタ言語意識は音韻的な側面，語彙的な側面，文構造や統語的な側面，語用論的な側面など多岐にわたるが，本稿では日本人中学生の統語的直観と品詞識別に関わる予備調査を行い，彼らの文法知識の一端を報告した。中学生にとっては難易度の高い英文中で，動詞を選ぶ課題と語の品詞を答えさせる課題を行い，その認識過程を言語化させた。その結果，統語的なメタ言語意識をもちつつある生徒はいるものの，多くの学習者は英文を読む際に語彙の意味に大きく依存する傾向があり，語彙に含まれる統語的な情報や知っている語や前後関係から文の構造を推測することが苦手であることがわかった。Activating metalinguistic awareness is thought to be significant in learning foreign languages. That is especially the case in Japanese schools, where very limited quantity of English is provided for learners. Metalinguistic awareness includes many aspects of language, such as phonology, morphology, syntax, and pragmatics. The present investigation focused on learners' syn1actic intuition, and two preliminary studies were conducted. In one, junior high school students were required to choose verbs while reading an extremely difficult text in English. In the second study, students were asked to identify the parts of speech of several words while they read another difficult text. The results indicated that the students depended too much on the meanings of words-not on syntactic information given in the context-when they read English passages

A way of improving Reading Skills : through Collaborative work

本研究の目的は，英文読解において協働的問題解決学習を取り入れることで，内容理解を深めさせる授業を開発することである。授業実践では，物語文の行間を読む際に，推論発問の後で仲間の考えを聞くことで，問いを解決し，問いを新たに生むなど，理解を深める様子が見られた。また，時間いっぱい意見を交わすグループが増えた。さらに，翻訳する際に，心情を考えながら場面に適した言葉を使うようになった。The aim of this study was to develop effective English lessons through ‘collaborative problem solving.’ In reading activities, it is necessary for students to consider the background of the subject matter and their feelings about it. Through collaborative problem solving in groups, students are able to express their own points of view. Listening to the ideas of other students leads to obtaining a better understanding of the background of the subject matter and cultivating their feelings about it. These activities also help Japanese students develop richer expression in the Japanese language

超硬小径ボールエンドミルによる深彫り加工に関する研究

関西大

Development of detection device for dugong calls

December 15-17, 2007, Royal Phuket City Hotel, Phuket, ThailandAn acoustical approach for research on marine mammals has been a very active research method in recent years. Dugong (Dugong dugon) is one of the highly endangered species, which are strictly-marine herbivorous and mainly inhabit coastal areas. In order to detect dugong calls from recorded data, several algorithms have been adapted by researchers in the analyzing process. However, the number of misses in the detection is still non-zero. The sound of snapping shrimp recorded in a wide range (2-300 kHz) is one of the main background noises that makes the detection of dugong calls difficult in warm shallow waters. Impulse elimination was employed in the system to get rid of the snapping shrimp noise. In order to improve the performance of the detection system by increasing the detection rate and decreasing the number of misses, two new algorithms were tested in the experiment. The experimental results for the new algorithms including impulse elimination and the cepstrum method are presented in this paper

Autosynchronized systolic unloading during left ventricular assist with a centrifugal pump

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate how the inflow cannulation site of the left ventricular assist system with a centrifugal pump would influence cardiac function on failing heart models. Methods: In 10 sheep, a left ventricular assist system was instituted by an outflow cannula in the descending aorta, two inflow cannulas in the left atrium and the left ventricle, and connecting those cannulas to a magnetically suspended centrifugal pump. A conductance catheter and a tipped micromanometer for monitoring the pressure-volume loop were also inserted into the left ventricle. Myocardial oxygen consumption was directly measured. Heart failure was induced by injection of microspheres into the left main coronary artery. The assist rate was varied from 0% to 100% at each inflow cannulation site. Results: The pump flow with left ventricular cannulation increased during the systolic phase and decreased during the diastolic phase, whereas it was constant with left atrial cannulation. Ejection fraction with left atrial cannulation decreased as the assist rate increased, whereas that with left ventricular cannulation was maintained up to 75% assist. The external work with left atrial cannulation decreased gradually as the assist rate increased, whereas the external work with left ventricular cannulation did not decrease until the assist rate reached 75%. The myocardial oxygen consumption in both cannulations decreased proportionally as the assist rate increased; they were significantly less with left ventricular cannulation at the 100% assist rate than with left atrial cannulation. Conclusion: Left ventricular cannulation during left ventricular assistance maintains ejection fraction and effectively reduces oxygen consumption.J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003;125:353-6

Trends in Surface Modification Technology of Metallic Materials

トピック