Fixed-bed adsorptive removal of metanil yellow from simulated wastewater in a fixed-bed column by nitric acid-treated-H3PO4-activated carbon (NATPAAC) from oil palm fruit mesocarpfibre

We carried out fixed-bed column adsorption of metanil yellow from simulated wastewater on NATPAAC derived from oil palm fruit mesocarpfibre so as to determine the adsorption capacity, qe, of the carbon under the effects of inlet concentration, Co, carbon bed height, H and dye solution flow rate, Q. Our results indicate that the optimum qe was 15.982 mg/g by Co 25 mg/L, H 4.1cm and Q 8 mL/min. In the study, qe was observed to decrease with increase in Co and Q. The optimum bed height was 4.1cm. Our experimental data were modelled by applying Thomas and Yoon-Nelson kinetic models. Correlation coefficient, R2 values (generally above 0.85) show that the two kinetic approaches provide an effective model of the experimental data. We conclude that oil palm fruit mesocarpfibre has potential as a precursor for production of carbon for acid-dye removal from wastewater

Production and characterization of biodiesel from coconut extract (Cocos nucifera)

In this study, oil was extracted from coconut. The extracted oil was used to produce biodiesel and the oil and the biodiesel produced were characterised. Biodiesel fuels are alternative diesel fuels usually obtained from renewable sources, mainly, vegetable and animal oils. Oil was extracted from coconuts bought from a local market in Wukari Taraba State, Nigeria, by means of the solvent method. The extracted coconut oil was then characterized. This showed that the coconut oil has a density of 0.91 g, viscosity of 23 mm2/s, saponification value of 191 mg KOH/g, iodine value of 10 mgl2/g, acid value 1of 4.0 mg KOH/g and flash point of 266 °C. The biodiesel of the oil was produced using a transesterification process. The biodiesel was also characterized. Results obtained showed that the biodiesel has a density of 0.89 g, viscosity of 2.83 mm2/s, acid value of 0.18 mg KOH/g, saponification value of 91 mg KOH/g, iodine value of 8 mgl2/g, acid value of 0.18 mg KOH/g and flash point of 110 °C. The physicochemical properties of the biodiesel produce from coconut oil is comparable with that of standard biodiesel in the range of ASTM specifications

Comparative Analysis of Borehole Water Characteristics as a function of Coordinates in Emohua and Ngor Okpala Local Government Areas, Southern Nigeria

Comparative analysis of sixteen (16) borehole water supply sources collected from Emohua and Ngor Okpala Local Government Areas (hereafter referred to as LGAs) were carried out in December 2017 to March 2018. Physicochemical parameters were analyzed using analytical techniques and instruments to study the level of pollutant concentration as index of mine exploitation. Coordinates were used to differentiate the boreholes by way of some physicochemical parameters, while multiply analyses of variance was applied. The results obtained showed mean values of pH (4.66 ±0.05), conductivity (82.100 ±0.05), alkalinity (0.056 ±0.05), chloride (1.146 ±0.05), total dissolved solids (45.140 ±0.05), total organic matter (0.024 ±0.05), sulphate (0.030 ±0.05) and iron (0.357 ±0.05). The realized pH values indicate that the boreholes are acidic. Moreover, the Fe levels in some boreholes were above the permissible limit of the water standard. From the results of the ANOVA, the null hypothesis (H0) revealed significant differences in pH, Cl¯, TDS, conductivity, whereas other factors such as alkalinity, SO42¯, total organic matter and Fe were not significant in both LGAs. The coordinate results also showed that chloride increases as sulphate decreases in both LGAs. Furthermore, total organic matter increases with increase in alkalinity and Fe increases with increase in TDS in the two LGAs as well. This concludes that there is pollution in the two study areas

Inhibition studies of Spondias mombin L. in 0.1 HCl solution on mild steel and verification of a new temperature coefficient of inhibition efficiency equation for adsorption mechanism elucidation

This research investigated the inhibition behavior of Spondias mombin leaf (SML) extracts in 0.1 M HCl solution on mild steel at various concentrations and temperatures. The result reveals that the inhibition efficiency of the extract on the mild steel sheet increases with increasing concentration of the extract and decreases with increase in temperature. Therefore, the adsorption mechanism of the extract on the mild steel surface is physical. Calculated Correlation Coefficient (R2) values show that the process follows a Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The proposed temperature coefficient equation of adsorption mechanism was found to be appropriate