Multidirectional Approach to the Semantics of Have:Seeking a Unified Way of Teaching Its Polysemy to the EFL Students

Have is one of the most polysemous words. This workshop will discuss the semantics of have through three presentations and a discussion forum. The presentations will focus (i) on have in the causative constructions, (ii) on the “habitat segregation” of idioms using have, and (iii) on some constructions denoting location including constructions with have. In the discussion forum, we will discuss on the semantics of have and present an effective way of teaching the word to the EFL students.Article2015 Arts, Humanities, Social Sciences & Education PROCEEDINGS.2015:(2016)conference pape

Germline multigene panel testing revealed a BRCA2 pathogenic variant in a patient with suspected Lynch syndrome

There has been a rapid advance in germline multigene panel testing by next-generation sequencing, and it is being widely used in clinical settings. A 56-year-old woman suspected of having Lynch syndrome was identified as a BRCA2 pathogenic variant carrier by multigene panel testing. The patient was diagnosed with endometrial cancer at the age of 39 years, and total laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy were performed at the age of 49 years; however, bilateral oophorectomy was not performed at that time. As she had a family history of colorectal cancer and a history of endometrial cancer, Lynch syndrome was suspected. However, germline multigene panel testing revealed a pathogenic BRCA2 variant rather than pathogenic variants in mismatch repair genes. In this case, with conventional genetic risk assessment, we were unable to determine whether the patient had a high risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer; thus, germline multigene panel testing may provide valuable information to improve disease management strategies for patients in clinical settings. Particularly, germline multigene panel testing may be useful for detecting hereditary tumor syndromes if a patient does not present with a typical family history of cancer

Patient-derived ovarian cancer organoids capture the genomic profiles of primary tumours applicable for drug sensitivity and resistance testing

The use of primary patient-derived organoids for drug sensitivity and resistance testing could play an important role in precision cancer medicine. We developed expandable ovarian cancer organoids in<3 weeks; these organoids captured the characteristics of histological cancer subtypes and replicated the mutational landscape of the primary tumours. Seven pairs of organoids (3 high-grade serous, 1 clear cell, 3 endometrioid) and original tumours shared 59.5% (36.1-73.1%) of the variants identified. Copy number variations were also similar among organoids and primary tumours. The organoid that harboured the BRCA1 pathogenic variant (p.L63*) showed a higher sensitivity to PARP inhibitor, olaparib, as well as to platinum drugs compared to the other organoids, whereas an organoid derived from clear cell ovarian cancer was resistant to conventional drugs for ovarian cancer, namely platinum drugs, paclitaxel, and olaparib. The overall success rate of primary organoid culture, including those of various histological subtypes, was 80% (28/35). Our data show that patient-derived organoids are suitable physiological ex vivo cancer models that can be used to screen effective personalised ovarian cancer drugs

Calculating Organ Doses of Patients in Spiral CT Using EGS4 Monte-Carlo Simulation of Voxel Phantom

The doses of patients on X-ray CT imaging are higher than other general X-ray diagnoses. On the view point of radiation protection, the optimizations of X-ray CT imaging are very important. However, it is not easy to estimate patients\\u27 doses by direct measurements using dosemeters. We have calculated the patients\\u27 doses by the method of Monte-Carlo simulations. The mathematical phantom used in the simulations was a voxel phantom of a Japanese male, which have been developed in JAERI. It was based on the pictures of X-ray CT scanning for the whole body, and constructed of about 6.63 million voxels. The simulation code was EGS4, and the fortran compiler was g77 in a Pentium IV PC Linux machine. The geometry of the voxel phantom was included in the EGS4 user code. The material data of the voxels were soft tissue, lungs and bone data of ORNL. As the X-ray spectra with filters for each tube voltages, Birch\\u27s data were referred in the user code. For X-ray CT imaging conditions of calculations, some typical X-ray CT diagnoses were selected. As photon irradiation parameters, the exposure area, slice number, slice width and X-ray tube voltages were set. The center axis and X-ray tube focus positions were determined based on a real X-ray CT machine geometry. The energy depositions of organs were calculated, and patients\\u27 doses were estimated. The ratios of entrance surface dose and each organ doses can be obtained and used for the estimation of the doses. They are useful as indicators for the consideration of optimization on X-ray CT imaging in practice.11th International Congress of the International Radiation Protection Associatio