Kuwait

Kuwait is such a significant country that it is necessary to examine its socio-economic structure and its relations with other countries. In this study, Kuwait's demographic, socio-political, sectoral, political and institutional structure, economic potential, financial relations are examined in general. According to this study, Kuwait's socio-political, demographic structure and its relations with other countries seems quite significant and decisive in the country's developing process. It has also been shown that petroleum has an important role in its economy and majority of the labour force is being employed in this sector. Relations of Turkey with Kuwait have been shaped upon the basis of friendship and brotherhood. © 2018, IGI Global. All rights reserved.2-s2.0-8502888847

Avrupa Borç Krizi Çerçevesinde Cesareti Kırılmış İşçi Etkisi ve İlave-İşçi Etkisi1

The debt crisis experienced in Europe has had several adverse effects on economies of countries. Employment is one of the adversely affected areas. The relationship between the labor force participation rate and unemployment is essentially examined within the framework of two hypotheses. These hypotheses are “The Discouraged Worker Effect” and “The Added Worker Effect”. The discouraged worker effect anticipates that workers looking for employment for extended periods of time will withdraw from the labor market due to losing hope in periods of economic recession. According to this hypothesis, it is expected that the labor force participation rate will increase once the unemployment rate decreases and vice versa. The added worker effect anticipates that if the worker who provides the livelihood of the family becomes unemployed, other members of the family will participate in the labor market. According to this hypothesis, it is expected that the labor force participation rate will decrease once the unemployment rate decreases and vice versa. This study aims to test whether these two effects apply to selected Euro zone countries (PIIGGS-Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece, Great Britain, Spain) during the European Debt Crisis. In the study, the unemployment rate and labor force participation rates of the selected countries were determined by using the Break Point Unit Root test. In the calculations made with the help of dummy variable models, the effect of discouraged worker was observed in Ireland, Great Britain and Portugal. The added worker effect is clearly seen in Greece. In Italy and Spain, added worker effect is more dominant than discouraged worker effect. The added worker effect is statistically significant in Portugal, Ireland, Greece and the Great Britain when it is calculated for part-time female employees. In Italy, there is no statistically significant relationship between part-time female workers and long-term unemployment. In Spain, added worker effect was found to be opposite and statistically significant. In other words, there is no added worker effect on part-time female workers and longterm unemployment data in Spain

Financial Literacy among University Students: “Case of Kırklareli University”

Bu çalışmada, Kırklareli Üniversitesi’nde okuyan öğrencilerin finansal okuryazarlık düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda öğrencilerin finansal okuryazarlık seviyelerinin tespit edilmesi amacıyla 558 öğrenci üzerinde gerçekleştirilen anket çalışmasından elde edilen veriler SPSS programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. İlk olarak anketlerin güvenilirliği Cronbach's Alpha katsayısı ile test edilmiştir. Ardından, demografik özelliklerin farklılık gösterip göstermediğini belirlemek için Pearson chi-squire test analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, öğrencinin yaşadığı yer ve yaşı, cinsiyeti, sınıfı, öğretim durumu, anne ve babasının eğitim durumunun finansal okuryazarlık üzerinde belirleyici bir etkisi bulunmazken sadece öğrencilerin okudukları bölüm ile finansal okuryazarlık arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak öğrencilerin bazı temel finansal konular hakkında bilgi sahibi olmalarına karşın yeterli düzeyde finansal okuryazar olmadıkları sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır.The aim of this study is to determine the financial literacy levels of the students studying at Kırklareli University. In this context, the data obtained from the survey conducted on 558 students were analyzed using SPSS program in order to determine the financial literacy levels of the students. First, the reliability of the questionnaires was tested with Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. Then Pearson chi-squire test analysis was performed to determine whether demographic characteristics differed. According to the results of the analysis, there is a significant relationship between students’ major and financial literacy while their age, gender, grade, educational background, educational status of their parents and the place they live do not have a decisive effect on financial literacy. As a result, it is concluded that they are not financial literate enough although students have knowledge about some basic financial issues

Major Outbreak in Hıstory in the Context of Covid-19 and Its Economic Results

2019 yılının Aralık ayında Çin’in Hubei eyaleti Wuhan şehrinde ortaya çıkan Covid-19 salgını küresel çapta etkisini göstermiş ve bunun sonucunda, WHO tarafından 11 Mart 2020 tarihinde Pandemi olarak ilan edilmiştir. Pandemi ulusal sağlık sistemini kilitlerken bir dizi kendini güçlendiren sosyal ve ekonomik hasarlar gibi negatif dinamikleri de tetiklemiştir. Güçlü bağlantılı ve bütünleşmiş bir dünyada, hastalığın ölüm, yetersizlik ve belirsizliğin ötesindeki etkileri salgından bu yana belirginleşmiştir. Aşı veya etkili bir tedavinin yokluğunda, hükümetler benzeri görülmemiş sınırlama ve hafifletme önlemleri uygulayarak yanıt verdiler. Bu durum kısa vadeli büyük ekonomik kayıplara ve görülmemiş küresel ekonomik aktivitelerde düşüşe neden olmuştur. Salgın hastalıklarından kaynaklanan en önemli risk, toplum sağlığı olmakla birlikte ekonominin bütününde yarattığı çöküntü birbiri ile ilişkili krizleri de gündeme getirmektedir. Tarih boyunca insanlık birçok salgın hastalıkla karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Salgınlar kitlesel ölümlere neden olurken hastalıktankaynaklanan verimlilik ve işgücü kaybı ticaretin yavaşlaması gibi etkilerle ekonomik durgunluğa neden olmuştur. Covid-19, geçmişte yaşanan salgın hastalıklarla etkileri açısından benzerlikler göstermektedir. Ancak Covid-19’u diğer salgınlardan ayıran en önemli özellik sadece az gelişmiş ülkelerle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde yoğunlaşmaması ve gelişmişlik düzeyinin ötesinde bütün ülkeleri etkisi altına alması ve belirsizlik yaratmış olmasıdır. Dolayısıyla, hastalığın evrimi ve ekonomik etkisinin belirsizliği, politika yapıcıların uygun bir makroekonomik politika yanıtı formüle etmelerini zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada 20. ve 21.yy’daki belli başlı salgınların ortaya çıkardığı ekonomik ve sosyal değişim ile dönüşümler incelenmiştir. Bu değişimlerin ışığında Covid-19’un ekonomik etkileri için sürece ilişkin bazı öngörü ve önerilerde bulunulması amaçlanmıştır.The Covid-19 outbreak, which occurred in Wuhan, China's Hubei province in December 2019, had a global impact and was declared as an pandemic by WHO on March 11, 2020. While pandemic has locked the national health system, it has also triggered negative dynamics such as a series of self?strengthening social and economic damages. In a strongly connected and integrated world, the effects of the disease beyond death, insufficiency and uncertainty have become evident since the outbreak. In the absence of vaccine or effective treatment, governments responded by applying unprecedented containment and mitigation measures. This led to large short-term economic losses and a decline in unprecedented global economic activities. Although the most important risk arising from outbreak diseases is public health, breakdown throughout the economy also brings up related crises. Throughout history, humanity has faced many outbreaks diseases. While outbreaks caused mass deaths, the productivity and loss of labor caused by the disease caused economic stagnation, with effects such as slow trade. Covid 19 shows similarities with the effects of past outbreaks. However, the most important feature that distinguishes Covid-19 from other outbreaks is that it does not concentrate only on developing countries and underdeveloped countries, and it affects all countries beyond the level of development and creates uncertainty. Therefore, the evolution of the disease and the uncertainty of its economic impact make it difficult for policymakers to formulate an appropriate macroeconomic policy response. In this study, economic and social changes and transformations caused by major outbreaks in the 20th and 21st centuries were examined. In the light of these changes, it is aimed to make some predictions and suggestions about the process for the economic effects of Covid-19

Macroscopic complete resection is not associated with improved survival in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma

97th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Thoracic-Surgery -- APR 29-MAY 03, 2017 -- Boston, MAWOS: 000432369400123PubMed ID: 29510939Objective: Macroscopic complete resection (MCR) is the recommended surgical strategy in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Our objective was to analyze whether MCR influences survival in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Methods: Between 2002 and 2016, 154 patients underwent pleurectomy decortication (n = 90), extrapleural pneumonectomy (n = 42), or exploratory/diagnostic procedures (n = 22) in a single institution. Patient data were recorded in a prospective database. Patients who underwent surgical resection (n = 132) were analyzed according to MCR as a whole group and after propensity score matching based on gender, age, histology, clinical T and N status, adjuvant chemotherapy, and trimodality treatment. Kaplan-Meier survival and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: Median age was 56 years (range, 26 to 80 years) and 62 were women. One hundred ten had epithelioid histology. MCR was achieved in 75 patients (49%). In-hospital mortality was seen in 7 patients (4.5%). Preoperative chemotherapy was applied in 32 patients. One hundred thirty-three patients underwent adjuvant treatment (45 had chemoradiation). Mean follow-up was 21 +/- 19 months. Overall median survival, 2-year, and 5-year survivals were 18.1 months, 36%, and 16%, respectively. There was no difference in median survival between patients who underwent MCR (21.4 months) and who did not (16.3 months) (P = .6). Following propensity score matching (23 patients in each group), median survivals were similar (13.3 vs 14.2 months; P = .63). Conclusions: MCR was not associated with improved survival in malignant pleural mesothelioma. We need to clearly define MCR and identify subgroups of patients who would benefit from this principle because minimal versus extensive and location of gross residual disease may have different influences on survival.American Association for Thoracic Surger

In vitro evaluation of the erosive potential of viscosity-modified soft acidic drinks on enamel

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of viscosity-modified soft acidic drinks on enamel erosion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 108 bovine enamel samples (∅ = 3 mm) were embedded in acrylic resin and allocated into six groups (n = 18). Soft acidic drinks (orange juice, Coca-Cola, Sprite) were used both in their regular forms and at a kinetic viscositiy of 5 mm(2)/s, which was adjusted by adding hydroxypropyl cellulose. All solutions were pumped over the enamel surface from a reservoir with a drop rate of 3 ml/min. Each specimen was eroded for 10 min at 20 °C. Erosion of enamel surfaces was measured using profilometry. Data were analyzed using independent t tests and one-way ANOVAs (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Enamel loss was significantly higher for the regular (Coca-Cola, 5.60 ± 1.04 μm; Sprite, 5.49 ± 0.94 μm; orange juice, 1.35 ± 0.4 μm) than for the viscosity-modified drinks (Coca-Cola, 4.90 ± 0.34 μm; Sprite, 4.46 ± 0.39 μm; orange juice, 1.10 ± 0.22 μm). CONCLUSION: For both regular and viscosity-modified forms, Coca-Cola and Sprite caused higher enamel loss than orange juice. Increasing the viscosity of acidic soft drinks to 5 mm(2)/s reduced enamel erosion by 12.6-18.7 %. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The erosive potential of soft acidic drinks is not only dependent on various chemical properties but also on the viscosity of the acidic solution and can be reduced by viscosity modification