Influence de quelques facteurs environnementaux sur la germination d'Euphorbia heterophylla L. (Euphorbiaceae)

Influence of some Environmental Factors on Euphorbia heterophylla L. (Euphorbiaceae) Seeds Germination. In Ivory Coast, Euphorbia heterophylla appears as a weed in cotton fields. Effects of temperature, light and burying levels on its seed germination were tested. Temperature effects were monitored by means of 4 procedures, using a range of temperatures between 20 and 35 °C. The germination latency period can vary between 1 and 2 days, according to the temperature. After 4 days, germination rates were not longer related to temperature and were very similar. Germination can not happen without light. In order to measure the effect of burying levels, six series of 100 seeds were buried; the first at ground level, the others respectively 2, 4, 6, 8 and 9 cm deeper. Optimal germination rates were found for seeds that were buried between 0 and 6 cm

Antagonist potential of Trichoderma indigenous isolates for biological control of Phytophthora palmivora the causative agent of black pod disease on cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) in Côte d’Ivoire

The biodiversity of Trichoderma isolates from cocoa rhizosphere in cocoa production areas of Côte d’Ivoire, and their antagonist potential with Phytophthora palmivora using in vitro assays and bioassays, were investigated and screened for field trials. A total of 135 isolates were analysed at the species level by using sequence analysis of ITS1 and 2 of the rRNA region and a fragment of translation elongation factor 1a (tef1) gene. Sixty-four isolates were identified as T. virens, 60 as T. harzianum, 7 as T. spirale, two as T. asperellum and two unidentified. Forty-three Trichoderma isolates were in vitro confronted with P. palmivora on agar plates, and their antagonist activity was further evaluated by the damages on leaf discs and detached pods. Twenty-five isolates reduced the mycelial growth of P. Palmivora more than 50%. The isolate T17 assigned to T .virens was the best to reduce mycelium growth upto 97.9%. All of Trichoderma isolates with the exception of isolate T39 reduced foliar sensitivity to P. palmivora. Tweenty-six Trichoderma isolates reduced the pod sensitivity to P. palmivora more than 50%. Based on the combined analysis, T. virens T7, T. harzianum T40, T. asperellum T54 and T. spirale T4 isolates were selected for field trials

REVIEW OF MODELING PREFERENCES FOR DECISION MODELS

A group decision problem is set in environments where there is a common issue to solve, a set of possible options to choose, and a set of individuals who are experts and express their opinions about the set of possible alternatives with the intention to reach a collective decision as the unique solution of the problem in question. The modeling of the preferences of the decision-maker is an essential stage in the construction of models used in the theory of decision, operations research, economics, etc. On decision problems experts use models of representation of preferences that are close to their disciplines or fields of work. The structures of information most commonly used for the representation of the preferences of experts are vectors of utility, orders of preference and preference relations. In decision problems, the expression of preferences domain is the domain of information used by the experts to express their preferences, the main are numerical, linguistic, and intervalar stressing the multi-granular linguistic. This paper is a review of these concepts. Its purpose is to provide a guide of bibliographic references for these concepts, which are briefly discussed in this document

Liver abscess of children in Côte-d’Ivoire: retrospective analysis of a series of 30 cases

Objective: The aim of this study was to report the results of liver abscess management in children.Patients and methods: We conducted a retrospective and descriptive study of 30 cases of liver abscesses collected over 9 years (March 2007 to February 2016). The following variables were studied and results were judged on the clinical and ultrasound follow-up: age, sex, hepatodigestive past history, evolution delay, clinical presentation, size, site, and number of collected pouch, HIV serology, bacteriologic exams, and management modalities.Results: Our series was made up of 18 boys and 12 girls with a mean age of 5.4 years. A past history of bloody saddles was noted in five cases. Fontan’s triad combining a painful hepatomegaly with fever was observed in 25 patients. The collection was multiple in seven cases. The right lobe was found to be the most affected in 20 (66.7%) cases. The mean diameter was 11.8 cm with extremes ranging from 4 to 18 cm. The amoebic serology was positive in nine (30%) cases and Staphylococcus aureus was found in four cases. Four patients were subjected to an exclusive medical treatment. An ultrasound-guided evacuating puncture and drainage were carried out, respectively, in five and 17 patients. A laparotomy was carried out in four patients, of which two were after secondary abscess rupture. Mortality was nil. No recurrence was recorded with a mean follow-up of 4.5 years.Conclusion: Liver abscess is not exceptional in the Ivory Coast paediatric hospital environment and constitutes a medicosurgical emergency with a good prognosis whose well-coded management needs to be early.Keywords: children, liver abscess, managemen

Improvement of yam’s productivity by using human urine as fertilizer

L’alimentation des populations et la gestion des excréta constituent un défi majeur pour les pays en développement, notamment la Côte d’Ivoire. Il y a donc une nécessité d’améliorer les conditions de vie de cette population en exploitant les opportunités économiques qu’offrent les déchets, notamment l’urine. Dans ce sens, une étude sur la valorisation de l’urine en culture d’igname (Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata) a été effectuée sur deux campagnes agricoles. Cette étude avait pour objectifs d’une part, d’évaluer les effets de l’urine sur la croissance, le développement et le rendement de l’igname et d’autre part, d’envisager les possibilités de stabiliser la production d’igname sur une même surface vu son exigence en fertilisant. Ainsi, un essai avec trois traitements (fertilisation à l’urine, fertilisation à l’engrais chimique et un témoin) a permis de montrer que les urines ont un effet significatif sur les paramètres de croissance (l’indice foliaire et la matière sèche totale) et le rendement en tubercules frais d’igname. En outre, la réplication du même essai sur le même site avec les mêmes traitements a montré que la production de l’igname demeure stable quand le sol est fertilisé à l’urine. L’urine est à promouvoir en culture d’igname pour préserver les végétations encore primaires et celles en friche vu sa forte demande et ses exigences en fertilisant

Fat Content and Fatty Acids Profile in Follow-on Formulas Commercialized in Côte d'Ivoire

This study evaluates the follow-on formula for infants. These products are available under several brands in the Ivorian market. In order to verify their conformity to the WHO standards a post-market control by gravimetric method and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry is executed to evaluate the quantity and quality of fat products contained in the milks of brands available in Côte d’Ivoire. Out of the nine brands of milks analyzed, only four of them were close to the values revealed by their manufacturers, whereas the other products had their values below their respective indications

Diversite Floristique des Plantes à Potentialité Décorative Issues des Formations Naturelles du Nord de la Côte d’Ivoire

This study carried out in the Sudanese field of Côte d'Ivoire aims to contribute to the safeguarding of Ivorian flora through the valorization of plants with decorative potentiality of the North of Côte d'Ivoire. The inventory method used is the roaming survey. It consisted of walking in different directions around large cities with different backgrounds and listing all the plant species with decorative potential encountered, regardless of their size. These species have been analyzed at the National Center for Floristics (NCF). These surveys allowed usto collect 287 plant species divided between 220 genera and 79 botanical families, with a predominance of herbs. The most abundant families are Fabaceae, Apocynaceae and Acanthaceae. Of these species, 73.5% are Phanerophytes and 0.3% epiphytes. Also, an Ivorian endemic species (GCI) Cyphostemma ornatum A.Chev. exHutch. & Dalziel (Vitaceae) was also enumerated. Thirteen species or 4.52% are considered introduced species (i). At the ecological level, hydrophytic species and the species like Senna podocarpus Guill. & Perr. (Fabaceae) which is a hardy plant has been inventoried. These results show a great decorative floristic richness in the Sudanian field. This work contributed to the knowledge of the composition and the diversity of the plants with decorative potentiality of the Sudanese field of Côte d'Ivoire.Cette étude réalisée dans le domaine soudanais de la Côte d’Ivoire a pour objectif de contribuer à la sauvegarde de la flore ivoirienne à travers la valorisation des plantes à potentialité décorative du Nord de la Côte d’Ivoire. La méthode d’inventaire utilisée est le relevé itinérant. Elle a consisté à parcourir dans différentes directions autour des grandes villes ayant différents milieux et à recenser toutes les espèces végétales à potentialité décorative rencontrées, sans tenir compte de leur taille. Ces espèces ont été analysées au Centre National de Floristique (CNF). Ces relevés nous ont permis de récolter 287 espèces végétales réparties entre 220 genres et 79 familles botaniques, avec une prédominance des herbes. Les familles les plus abondantes sont celles des Fabaceae, des Apocynaceae et des Acanthaceae. Parmi ces espèces, 73,5 % sont des Phanérophytes et 0,3 % des épiphytes. Aussi, une espèce endémique ivoirienne (GCI) Cyphostemma ornatum A.Chev. exHutch. & Dalziel (Vitaceae) a été également recensée. Treize espèces soit 4,52% sont considérées comme espèces introduites (i). Au niveau écologique, des espèces hydrophytes et l’espèce comme Senna podocarpus Guill. &Perr. (Fabaceae) qui est une des plantes rustiques a été inventoriée. Ces résultats montrent une grande richesse floristique décorative dans le domaine soudanien. Ces travaux ont contribué à la connaissance de la composition et de la diversité des plantes à potentialité décorative du domaine soudanais de la Côte d’Ivoire

A new method to determine the diet of pygmy hippopotamus in Taï National Park, Côte d’Ivoire

This research was funded by “Fond des donations” of the University of Neuchâtel and the “Willy Müller Award” of the Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire.Diet determination of endangered species is an essential element in defining successful conservation strategies and optimising captive breeding programmes. In this study, we developed a new diet identification system, derived from standard faecal analysis, to determine the diet of an elusive and endangered herbivore, the pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis). We collected faecal samples from 10 free-ranging individuals covering a combined home range area of about 50 km2 in Taï National Park, Côte d’Ivoire. In subsequent laboratory analyses, we extracted a large number of leaf epidermis fragments from spatially separated faecal samples and compared them with a reference plant database. Using Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) of epidermis fragments combined with direct visual inspection, we identified the most frequently consumed plant species, which revealed that pygmy hippopotami qualified as intermediate feeders. Their diet was based on at least seven species of monocotyledonae, dicotyledonae and fern groups, with a preference for a small number of other plant species. We evaluate the merit of our method and discuss our findings for developing effective conservation and captive breeding strategies in an endangered species with a wild population of less than 2500 adult individuals.PostprintPeer reviewe