Histomorphological appraisal of orchidectomy specimens in a tertiary care centre of North Maharashtra-A descriptive observational study

Introduction:Testicular lesions are ranges from varied spectrum of non-neoplastic to neoplastic ones with diverse etiologies. Non-neoplastic testicular lesions usually preceded by neoplastic ones. The malignant tumors of testis constitute fourth most common cause of death in young males.Objectives:The present study was undertaken to study varied spectrum of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of testis in our tertiary care institute with emphasis on study of histomorphological patterns of testicular tumors.Material and Methods- Our study was a retrospective, descriptive and observational study over a period of 6 years from May 2015 to April 2021 in our tertiary care centre. We received 60 orchidectomy specimens over a study period. Histopathological slides were collected and reviewed for specific tumor/non-tumor category and results were analyzed.Results- We studied 60 orchidectomy specimens over a period of six years. As per age groups distribution, the childhood predominates in non-neoplastic category and 2nd to 4th decade in malignant category. Out of 60 cases (100%), majority (57%) were malignant testicular tumors. In the malignant category, non seminomatous germ cell tumor (56%) were most frequent finding with mixed germ cell tumor (68%) as predominant histopathological diagnosis. Leydig cell tumor and pure yolk sac tumor was rare findings. In non-neoplastic category, vascular causes (61%) like torsion, ischemic necrosis were major findings. Epidermoid inclusion cyst, acute and chronic orchitis, atrophy are rare findings.Conclusion – Neoplastic lesions were preceded by non-neoplastic lesions in our study. Variable testicular tumors were encountered in present study as per different age groups. Histopathological spectrum of testicular lesions was comparable with other parts of the country. We highlight the role of histopathological examination of each resected orchidectomy specimens as it’s most important to diagnosis and rule out malignant tumors