Desempenho de crescimento e resposta fisiológica de leitões desmamados alimentados com dieta suplementada com novos fitogênicos.

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the growth performance and physiological response of weaned pigs fed diets supplemented with a novel phytogenics (FCTNC). A total of 100 cross bred male pigs (Landrace × Duroc) with an initial weight of 6.31 ± 0.25 kg and weaned at 21 days were individually housed in a semi-open sided pens. Pigs were distributed into five treatments groups with five replicates, each replicates comprises of 20 pigs. Experimental diets were adequate in all nutrients recommended by NRC (2012). Treatment one (T1): basal diet without antibiotics; T2 (basal diet with neomycin at 1.5 g/kg-1); T3, T4 and T5 were fed basal diet with 5 g/kg-1, 10 g/kg-1 and 15 g/kg-1 respectively. Feed and water were offered unrestricted throughout the 56 days trial. Result revealed that there was effect of treatments (P ˂ 0.05) in average body weight gain (ADG), daily feed intake (ADFI), mortality and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Pigs in T4 (24.54 kg) and T5 (24.22 kg) had the highest weight gain, intermediate in T2 (21.55 kg) and T3 (22.51 kg) and lowest in T1 (12.83 kg) (P ˂ 0.05). There was a remarkable improvement in all the immune parameters examined among pigs fed FCTNC (P ˂ 0.05). Microbial population of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp decreased as the level of FCTNC increases (P ˂ 0.05). Conversely, Lactobacillus spp count were highest in T4 and T5 relative to the other treatments. Haematological parameters were significantly influenced (P ˂ 0.05) by the treatments. However, all values were within the normal range for a clinically healthy pigs. The study established that FCTNC could be fed to weaned pigs up to 15 g/kg-1 without having any negative effect on the health of animals.El objetivo de este experimento fue investigar el desempeño zootécnico y la respuesta fisiológica de lechones destetados alimentados con dietas suplementadas con un nuevo fitogénico (FCTNC). Un total de 100 cerdos machos mestizos (Landrace × Duroc) con peso inicial de 6,31 ± 0,25 kg y destetados a los 21 días se alojaron individualmente en corrales semiabiertos. Los cerdos se asignaron a cinco grupos de tratamiento con cinco repeticiones, cada una de las cuales constaba de 20 cerdos. Las dietas experimentales fueron adecuadas en todos los nutrientes recomendados por la NRC (2012). Tratamiento uno (T1): dieta basal sin antibióticos; T2 (dieta basal con neomicina a 1,5 g/kg-1); T3, T4 y T5 recibieron dieta basal con 5 g/kg-1, 10 g/kg-1 y 15 g/kg-1, respectivamente. Se ofreció alimento y agua sin restricciones durante los 56 días del experimento. Los resultados revelaron que hubo un efecto de los tratamientos (P ˂ 0.05) sobre la ganancia de peso corporal promedio (GMD), el consumo diario de alimento (ADFI), la mortalidad y la conversión alimenticia (CA). Los cerdos en T4 (24,54 kg) y T5 (24,22 kg) tuvieron la mayor ganancia de peso, intermedia en T2 (21,55 kg) y T3 (22,51 kg) y menor en T1 (12,83 kg) (P ˂ 0,05). Hubo una mejora notable en todos los parámetros inmunológicos examinados entre los cerdos alimentados con FCTNC (P ˂ 0.05). La población microbiana de Escherichia coli y Salmonella spp disminuyó con el aumento del nivel de FCTNC (P ˂ 0.05). Por otro lado, el conteo de Lactobacillus spp fue mayor en T4 y T5 en comparación con los demás tratamientos. Los parámetros hematológicos fueron influenciados significativamente (P ˂ 0.05) por los tratamientos. Sin embargo, todos los valores estuvieron dentro del rango normal para cerdos clínicamente sanos. El estudio estableció que FCTNC puede administrarse a lechones destetados hasta 15 g/kg-1 sin tener ningún efecto negativo sobre la salud de los animales.O objetivo deste experimento foi investigar o desempenho zootécnico e a resposta fisiológica de leitões desmamados alimentados com dietas suplementadas com um novo fitogênico (FCTNC). Um total de 100 suínos machos mestiços (Landrace × Duroc) com peso inicial de 6,31 ± 0,25 kg e desmamados aos 21 dias foram alojados individualmente em baias semiabertas. Os porcos foram distribuídos em cinco grupos de tratamentos com cinco réplicas, cada réplica composta por 20 porcos. As dietas experimentais foram adequadas em todos os nutrientes recomendados pelo NRC (2012). Tratamento um (T1): dieta basal sem antibióticos; T2 (dieta basal com neomicina a 1,5 g/kg-1); T3, T4 e T5 receberam dieta basal com 5 g/kg-1, 10 g/kg-1 e 15 g/kg-1, respectivamente. A ração e a água foram oferecidas sem restrições durante os 56 dias de experiência. Os resultados revelaram que houve efeito dos tratamentos (P ˂ 0,05) no ganho médio de peso corporal (GMD), consumo diário de ração (ADFI), mortalidade e conversão alimentar (CA). Suínos em T4 (24,54 kg) e T5 (24,22 kg) tiveram o maior ganho de peso, intermediário em T2 (21,55 kg) e T3 (22,51 kg) e menor em T1 (12,83 kg) (P ˂ 0,05). Houve uma melhoria notável em todos os parâmetros imunológicos examinados entre os porcos alimentados com FCTNC (P ˂ 0,05). A população microbiana de Escherichia coli e Salmonella spp diminuiu com o aumento do nível de FCTNC (P ˂ 0,05). Por outro lado, a contagem de Lactobacillus spp foi maior em T4 e T5 em relação aos outros tratamentos. Os parâmetros hematológicos foram significativamente influenciados (P ˂ 0,05) pelos tratamentos. No entanto, todos os valores estavam dentro do intervalo normal para porcos clinicamente saudáveis. O estudo estabeleceu que a FCTNC pode ser fornecida a leitões desmamados até 15 g/kg-1 sem ter qualquer efeito negativo na saúde dos animais

Growth Performance, Semen Quality Characteristics and Hormonal Profile of Male Rabbit Bucks Fed Rubia Cordifolia Root Extracts

32 – 7 weeks weaned male rabbits (Newzealand × Chinchilla) weighing 611.3 ± 10 g were randomly distributed into 4 groups of 8 rabbits per treatment with one animal per replicate in a completely randomized design. Rabbits in treatment 1 (control) designated as T1 was fed basal diet with 0 mL Rubia cordifolia root extracts (RCE) while T2, T3 and T4 were fed basal diet with 20 mL, 40 mL and 60 mL per litre of water/day. Basal diet was formulated to meet the nutrient requirements of growing rabbits according to the recommendation of National Research Council (NRC, 1977). The experiment lasted for 12 weeks during which strict biosecurity measures were observed. Feed and water were also given ad libitum. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry of Rubia cordifolia root extracts reveals the presence of 21 bioactive compounds which accounts for 92.46 %. 9-Octadecenoic acid had the highest concentration (29.16 %) while 4-Methoxy-2-nitroformanilide had the lowest concentration (0.02 %). Average body weight gain (ADWG) and feed conversion ratio of rabbits in T4 were better (P˂0.05) compared to the other treatments. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) in T1 was similar to T2 and T3 but slightly higher than T4 (P˃0.05). Highest mortality was recorded in T1 (2.51 %) followed by T2 (0.05 %) none was recorded in T3 and T4 (P˂0.05). Testosterone, luteinizing hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone values were significantly (P˂0.05) influenced by the treatments while follicle stimulating hormone were not significantly (P˃0.05) different among the treatments. Semen results showed a significant (P˂0.05) decrease in sperm concentration, live sperm and motility with a significant (P˂0.05) increase in abnormal sperm compared to the other treatments. It can be concluded that Rubia cordifolia root extracts has bioactive compounds with therapeutic properties and could be tolerated by rabbit bucks up to 60 mL per litre without causing any negative effect on the general health and performance of animals

Growth Performance, Semen Quality Characteristics and Hormonal Profile of Male Rabbit Bucks Fed Rubia Cordifolia Root Extracts

32 – 7 weeks weaned male rabbits (Newzealand × Chinchilla) weighing 611.3 ± 10 g were randomly distributed into 4 groups of 8 rabbits per treatment with one animal per replicate in a completely randomized design. Rabbits in treatment 1 (control) designated as T1 was fed basal diet with 0 mL Rubia cordifolia root extracts (RCE) while T2, T3 and T4 were fed basal diet with 20 mL, 40 mL and 60 mL per litre of water/day. Basal diet was formulated to meet the nutrient requirements of growing rabbits according to the recommendation of National Research Council (NRC, 1977). The experiment lasted for 12 weeks during which strict biosecurity measures were observed. Feed and water were also given ad libitum. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry of Rubia cordifolia root extracts reveals the presence of 21 bioactive compounds which accounts for 92.46 %. 9-Octadecenoic acid had the highest concentration (29.16 %) while 4-Methoxy-2-nitroformanilide had the lowest concentration (0.02 %). Average body weight gain (ADWG) and feed conversion ratio of rabbits in T4 were better (P˂0.05) compared to the other treatments. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) in T1 was similar to T2 and T3 but slightly higher than T4 (P˃0.05). Highest mortality was recorded in T1 (2.51 %) followed by T2 (0.05 %) none was recorded in T3 and T4 (P˂0.05). Testosterone, luteinizing hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone values were significantly (P˂0.05) influenced by the treatments while follicle stimulating hormone were not significantly (P˃0.05) different among the treatments. Semen results showed a significant (P˂0.05) decrease in sperm concentration, live sperm and motility with a significant (P˂0.05) increase in abnormal sperm compared to the other treatments. It can be concluded that Rubia cordifolia root extracts has bioactive compounds with therapeutic properties and could be tolerated by rabbit bucks up to 60 mL per litre without causing any negative effect on the general health and performance of animals