Study of a pair of coupled continuum equations modeling surface growth

In this communication we introduce a pair of coupled continuum equations to model overlayer growth with evaporation-accretion due to thermal or mechanical agitations of the substrate. We gain insight into the dynamics of growth via one-loop perturbative techniques. This allows us to analyze our numerical data. We conclude that there is a crossover behaviour from a roughening regime to a very long-time, large length scale smoothening regime.Comment: 21 pages, 13 figures. Submitted to J. Phys.: Condens. Matte

Relation of Lipid Profile with Ischemic Stroke

Objective: To evaluate correlation of blood total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides, and the TC:HDL ratio as risk factors for ischemic stroke.Materials and Methods: After ethical approval from hospital ethical board this case control study was conducted in the department of neurosurgery and neurology Lahore General Hospital Lahore/Punjab Institute of Neurosciences/ Postgraduate Medical Institute/Ameerudin Medical College Lahore. Duration of study was two years from October 2015 to October 2017. A total of 600 patients were included in the study after obtaining written consent from patients. After completion of data collection, data was entered in computer software SPSS version 23 and analyzed for continuous and categorical variables. Continuous/numerical variables were presented as mean and SD and categorical variables were presented in form of numbers and percentages. Independent t-test and chi-square test were applied to see significance of data. P value less than or equal to 0.05 was considered as significant.Results: Overall, 100% (n = 600) patients were included in this study. The study comprised of two equal groups, 50% (n = 300) in each, i.e. cases and controls. The controls had mean total cholesterol (TC), High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides 220.76 ± 4.29 mg/dL, 54.02 ± 4.45 mg/dL and 153.99 ± 2.68 mg/dL res-pectively. The TC: HDL ratio was 5.48 ± 1.41 and 4.09 ± 1.22 for cases and controls respectively. The mean differences between total cholesterol (TC), High-density lipoprotein HDL, triglycerides and total cholesterol (TC): HCL ratios were statistically significant among both groups.Conclusion: Results of our study revealed that significant difference was observed between cases and controls regarding the levels of Total cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides and TC:HDL ratio. Cases of ischemic stroke were found with high levels of TC, Tridlycerides, And TC:HDL ratio and low HDL , this difference was found statistically significant with P value 0.001. So it was concluded that hyperlipidemia has significant relation with ischemic stroke

Postoperative Rise in Serum Sodium Level, an Indicator of Diabetes Insipidus after Pituitary Adenoma Surgery

oai:ojs2.pakjns.org:article/8Objective: To study the efficacy of post operative rise in serum sodium level as indicator of diabetes insipidus after pituitary adenoma surgery.Materials and Methods: The study was randomized control trial. It was conducted in Department of Neuro-surgery and Biochemistry from March 2016 to December 2017 (22 Months) Punjab Institute of Neurosciences/ Lahore General Hospital/Postgraduate Medical Institute/Ameeruddin Medical College. Ethical approval was obtained from hospital Ethics Committee. Total no. of 169 patients were enrolled for transsphenoidal surgery of their pituitary adenoma. Sample size was calculated from the reference study conducted by Schreckinger M et al10. Non probability consecutive sampling technique was used to collect the sample size. Data was calculated from all the patients regarding age, gender, duration of transsphenoidal surgery, postoperative evidence of diabetes insipidus by measuring rise in serum sodium level < 145mEq. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for demographic variables like age and gender while frequency and percentage were calculated for outcome variables like type of diabetes insipidus and sensitivity and specificity of serum sodium > 145mEq test. Chi square test was applied and analysis was done using computer software SPSS version 23. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: Overall, 100% (n = 169) patients were enrolled in this study, both genders. Gender distribution showed there were 68% (n = 115) males and 32% (n = 54) females. The mean age of the patients was 40.88 ± 4.95 years. Post-operative transient noted in 13.6% (n = 23) patients. Serum sodium level (specific) observed in 92.9% (n = 157) patients. While, > 145 mEq sensitive was observed in 88.2% (n = 149) patients (Table 1). The main outcome variable of this study was diabetes insipidus permanent, in our study, it was noted in 9.5% (n = 16) patients (Table 2). There was no association between diabetes insipidus permanent and effect modifiers (Table 3).Conclusion: From this study we conclude that level of sodium > 145mEq is very sensitive and specific test which can be used to predict the outcome after pituitary adenoma surgery in the form of Diabetes Insipidus

Potential of Constructed Wetlands for the Treatment of Heavy Metals from Wastewater

Overpopulation, urbanization, and economic race increase the pressure on freshwater resources resulted in water scarcity challenges around the globe. Moreover, the generation of wastewater also enhancing the scarcity threats for freshwater resources. Water scarcity issues forced the policymaker, thinker, scientist, and researcher to think about non-conventional water resources to cope with the increasing demands. Because of this wastewater recycling and treatment play an evident role to fulfill the growing demand for freshwater in socioeconomic sectors especially, for agriculture due to its 70 % dependency on freshwater resources. Different wastewater treatment methods along with merits and demerits are in practice for the socio-economic system. Constructed wetlands are environment friendly and cost-effective technology to remove metal and non-metal pollutants from contaminated water. This paper aims to compile information about heavy metals\u27 effects and their treatment through constructed wetlands. It also reviews intensely the potential of different types of constructed wetlands by using different aquatic plant species for the removal of contaminants from wastewater

The Effect of Digital Media on The Younger Minds During the Pandemic: A Study in Pakistan,Jordan and Syria

Objective:  To evaluate the psychosocial impact of the use of digital media on young minds. Material and Methods:  A survey based cross sectional study was conducted by using questionnaires through google forms from diverse general, young population. A total number of 110 respondents from Pakistan, Jordan, and Syria, were included. Results:  18 – 35 years age group showed Depression 53.4%, Anxiety 71.8%, Lack of Interest in Daily Activities 70.5%, Decreased Decisive Ability 10.5% and Insomnia 66.3%. While, the 36 – 54 years group showed Depression 46.4%, Anxiety 56.8%, Lack of interest in Daily Activities 61.8%, Decreased Decisive Ability 8.3% and Insomnia 47.5%. It was noticeable, that the younger age group of 18 – 35 years suffered more psychological effects. Conclusion:  We concluded that while digital media is affecting all age groups, but the younger age group was affected the most. &nbsp

Spin-orbit coupling: a recursion method approach

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Biblioteca Centrale - P.le Aldo Moro, 7, Rome / CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle RichercheSIGLEITItal

Electrical and magnetic properties of AuFe alloys

We study the electronic and magnetic structure of AuFe alloys for varying Fe concentrations. The basis of our study is the augmented-space recursion in conjunction with the local spin-density approximation. We study magnetism from an itinerant-electron viewpoint and show that at low Fe concentrations the random phase arrangement is the more stable phase at T = 0 K as compared to the ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic arrangements. At higher concentrations the ferromagnetic arrangement becomes the most stable but the average moment decreases with increasing Au concentration