Impact of different effluents on the performance and heavy metal accumulation of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.).

A study was conducted to see the impact of different effluents on the growth, yield and heavy metals content of lettuce grown in pots during the year 2012-13 and 2013-14. The pots were arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments (effluents) replicated four times. The treatments included 10% effluents of sugar mill, sewage water, soap factory, ghee mill, slaughterhouse and Control. Data on weight of leaves plant-1 (g), number of leaves plant-1, leaf area, yield ha-1, pH, Vitamin C and heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cd) were recorded and statistically analyzed by computing Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and using Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. The results indicated that irrigation with effluents significantly affected all parameters studied. Sewage water, sugar mill effluent and slaughterhouse wastage significantly improved the yield and growth characteristics while ghee mill and soap factory effluents reduced these traits. The highest yield and related characteristics were recorded with sewage water followed by slaughterhouse wastage and sugar mill effluent. Irrigation with sewage water increased 37.6% yield while the increment with slaughterhouse wastage and sugar mill effluent was 32.1 and 11.2%. Ghee mill and soap factory effluents reduced 30.8 and 14.5%, respectively. Heavy metal concentrations were increased with all types of effluents. The highest values for Pb, Zn and Cd were reported in plants irrigated with sewage water while Fe and Ni were highest in slaughterhouse wastage and ghee mill effluent applied plants, respectively. The transfer factors showed that the accumulation of metals was in the order of Pb > Fe = Zn > Ni > Cd. Keywords: Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), effluents, growth, yield, composition, heavy metal accumulatio

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN ROLE PLAYING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATERI PEMANASAN GLOBAL

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk 1) mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar kognitif peserta didik kelas XI pada materi pemanasan global yang diajarkan menggunakan model pembelajaran role playing dengan yang menggunakan model konvensional dan 2) mengetahui respon peserta didik terkait penerapan model pembelajaran role playing. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif, sedangkan desain penelitiannya, yaitu quasi-experimental: The matching-only pretest posttest control group design. Pengambilan sampel yang dilakukan menggunakan teknik non random sampling: purposive sampling. Sampel diambil dari dua kelas, yaitu kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol dengan maisng-masing jumlah peserta didik sebanyak 33 orang. Intrumen yang digunakan adalah intrumen tes, instrumen kuesioner motivasi, dan Instrumen kuesioner respon. Analisis data instrumen tes dan kuesioner motivasi menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney dan uji N-Gain, dan untuk kuesioner respon menggunakan statistik deskriptif serta analisis Rasch dengan output table: Wright map. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar kognitif dan motivasi belajar pada materi pemanasan global di kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol dengan nilai Asymp.Sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0,008 dan 0,004 yang mana keduanya < 0,05. Lalu, hasil uji –N-Gain pada kelas eksperimen memperoleh skor 0,68 untuk hasil belajar dan 0,64 untuk motivasi belajar yang keduanya masuk dalam kriteris sedang, sementara untuk kelas kontrol memperoleh skor 0,47 untuk hasil belajar dan 0,56 untuk motivasi belajar yang keduanya masuk dalam kriteris sedang. Selanjutnya respon peserta didik terhadap pembelajaran Fisika menggunakan model pembelajaran Role Playing menujukkan rata-rata presentase, yaitu sebesar 78% yang termasuk dalam kategori baik. The purpose of this study was to 1) find out the differences in the cognitive learning outcomes of class XI students on global warming material taught using the role playing learning model with those using the conventional model and 2) find out the participants' responses students related to the application of the role playing learning model. This research method uses quantitative methods, while the research design is quasi-experimental: The matching-only pretest posttest control group design. Sampling was carried out using a non-random sampling technique: purposive sampling. Samples were taken from two classes, namely the experimental class and the control class with 33 students each. The instruments used were test instruments, motivational questionnaire instruments, and response questionnaire instruments. Analysis of test instrument data and motivational questionnaires used the Mann-Whitney test and N-Gain test, and for the response questionnaires used descriptive statistics and Rasch analysis with the output table: Wright map. The results showed that there were differences in cognitive learning outcomes and learning motivation on global warming material in the experimental group and the control group with Asymp.Sig values. (2-tailed) of 0.008 and 0.004, both of which are < 0.05. Then, the results of the N-Gain test in the experimental class obtained a score of 0.68 for learning outcomes and 0.64 for learning motivation, both of which were included in the moderate criteria, while the control class obtained a score of 0.47 for learning outcomes and 0.56 for motivation to learn, both of which are included in the moderate criteria. Furthermore, the students' responses to learning Physics using the Role Playing learning model showed an average percentage of 78% which was included in the good category

Quality of life: commuter couples / Nor Habibah Tarmuji, Siti Noorul Ain Nor Azemi and Zulkifli Ab. Ghani Hilmi

Malaysia is indeed in a very comprehensive plan to ensure livelihood, poverty and social transformation. One of the strategies is to enhance the quality of life of Malaysians. Recently, commuter couples are becoming a phenomenon in Malaysia. Husbands and wives stay at different locations because of career commitment. According to the article in Utusan Malaysia dated 3rd March 2011, Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia (JAKIM) in 2009 recorded that a divorce occurred every 15 minutes. Thus, JAKIM has organized a lot of programs to overcome this problem. Besides that, there a lot of news on crimes, alcoholism and drug addiction among youth. Therefore, successful family is the most important factor to have quality future generations. The disruption of the family institution has a significant negative effect on children. Dual-career commuter couples also have risk, challenges the family upbringing and creates possibilities of disruption to the family. So, this study intends to determine the factors affecting the quality of life of commuter couples. Hopefully this study will be able to be a guideline in achieving a successful family life. The main purpose of this study is to determine which factor affects the quality of life of commuter couples such as physical, psychological, social, financial well-being, and child upbringing. Secondly it is to compare the quality of life of commuter couples according to some demographic factors. A simple random sampling will be used to select the number of respondents from a list of UiTM staff from the Department of Administration UiTM Pahang. The data will be collected using a combination of self-construct questionnaires and established questionnaire which is WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF). Descriptive analysis, independent sample t-test, analysis of variance will be used to analyze the data. The result from this study is very important to improve the quality of life in terms of the physical, psychological, social, and financial well-being. Not only mothers but also fathers have an important contribution in their children's lives through the living arrangement for family members and the family structure

Diagnostic Accuracy of 3d Scan and Plain Radiograph in Diagnosis of Midface Fractures

OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of plain radiographs and 3D scan in diagnosis of mid face fractures by taking surgery findings as a gold standard. STUDY DESIGN: Cross Sectional Study SETTING: study was carried out at  Department of Oral &amp; Maxillofacial Surgery, Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan. DURATION: Study was completed in 6 months from May, 2017 to  November 2017in Nishtar . Methodology: 181 Patients were included  from Department of Oral &amp; Maxillofacial Surgery, Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan after taking informed consent and permission from ethical committee and research department. Demographic information of patients (name, age, gender, duration of  Fracture had taken. Patients from both gender with age range of 18-35 years having Maxillofacial trauma &lt; 10 days were included in this study and patients in which CT scan was contraindicated and those taken any surgical treatment for facial trauma were excluded in this study. Radiographic examination for the cranio-facial complex had performed for all patients followed by routinely and according to the needs of each  individual case. RESULTS: From 181 patients, the minimum age was 18 years and maximum age was 35 years. According to plain radiographs, fracture was detected in  88.4% patients. By using 3D scan, fracture was detected in 96.7% patients. Sensitivity of 3D scan for detection of fracture was calculated as 98.13%, specificity was 14.28%, positive predicted value was 89.71%, negative predicted value was 50% and diagnostic accuracy was 88.39%. CONCLUSION: Among 181 patients, fracture was detected in 88.4% patients by using plain radiographs. By using 3D scan, fracture was detected in 96.7% patients. Sensitivity of 3D scan for detection of fracture was calculated as 98.13%, specificity was 14.28%, positive predicted value was 89.71%, and diagnostic accuracy was 88.39%. Keywords: 3D scan, plain radiographs, mid face fractures DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/60-01 Publication date:October 31st 2019

Frequency of Mandibular 3rd Molar Presence and Position on Risk of Mandibular Angle Fracture

Objective of study was to determine the frequency of mandibular third molar presence and position in mandibular angle fractures. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study Setting: This study was carried out in department of dentistry, Nishtar institute of dentistry, Multan. Duration of Study: This study was conducted from 1st July 2016 to 31st January 2017. Methadology: Study was started after taking informed  consent from the patients and approval of ethical committee. Fracture side was diagnosed by history and examination. Status of mandibular third molar (erupted, un-erupted and impacted) on the side of fracture was evaluated through clinical and radio-graphical examination. Data was collected for basic demographics (Age, Sex and side of fracture).Patients from both gender with age range of 25-40 years having mandibular angle fracture of any side of &lt; one month duration were included in this study. Patients with history of extraction of mandibular third molar and those with history of fracture from gunshot injury were excluded from the study.Data was collected for mandibular third molar presence and position and noted in especially designed proforma. Results: A total of 158 patients of both gender with mandibular angle fracture of any side were included. Age range in this study was from 25 to 40 years with mean age of 32.689 ± 3.28 years, mean height 1.612 ± 0.04 meters, mean BMI 23.929 ± 2.08 Kg/m2 and mean duration of fracture was 11.354 ± 6.08 days. Majority of the patients (55.7%) belongs to 25-33 years age groups. While males were 90.5% as compare to females 9.5%. UnErupted Mandibular third molar  was seen in 12.7% patients, Erupted 44.3% and Impacted was 43%. Conclusion: Conclusion of this study is that the absence of an impacted third molar decrease the prevalence of mandibular angle fractures. Keywords: Mandibular angle fractures, Mandibular third molar, Frequency. DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/60-07 Publication date:October 31st 201

Clinical and Radiographic Features of Ameloblastoma: Ultimate Diagnosis and Treatment

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic features of 22 intraosseous ameloblastomas. Study design: All the data with respect to the patient’s age, sex, tumor locations, surgical treatment history, as well as radiographic findings and number of recurrence, were analyzed. Results: The patient’s age at biopsy ranged from 08 to 70 years (mean, 31.5 years), Fourteen (63.6%) of the 22 subjects were females, and eight (36.4%) were males. Nineteen (86.4%) of the 22 ameloblastomas were located in mandible and three (13.6%) were located in maxilla. Pain, swelling and purulent discharge were the most common symptoms and were experienced by eight (36.4%) patients. Radiographically, seventeen (77.3%) of the 22 tumors were multilocular. Remaining five cases were unilocular with a well-demarcated border. There was no case exhibiting the typical soap-bubble appearance. The most common histologic pattern was plexiform and had follicular type. Conclusion: Diagnosis of ameloblastoma remained in doubt after clinical and radiographic examination. A biopsy is necessary for the confirmation of diagnosis. Surgical treatment should be planned after C.T and 3D Scan. Long-term follow-up at regular intervals after surgery is also recommended. Keywords: Ameloblastoma, Diagnosis, Radiographic DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/60-02 Publication date:October 31st 201

Synthesis of Dispersed and Self-Assembled Metal Particles in Epoxy via Aqueous to Organic Phase Transfer Technique

A convenient and effective method of dispersing gold (Au), silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) particles in epoxy is described. Particles were synthesized in aqueous phase and subsequently dispersed in toluene-epoxy with or without the presence of curing agent. Sodium borohydride and 2-propanol were used as reducing and phase transfer agents respectively. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at ~ 540-620 nm, ~ 525 nm and ~450 nm confirms the presence of Cu, Au and Ag nanoparticles in the composites. No chemical interaction occurred between the metal particles and the epoxy or cured epoxy. Increase in epoxy content caused the size of the particles to decrease for all metals. The average particle size for Au, Ag and Cu in 1% and 10% epoxy are 3.9 nm and 2.5 nm, 10.1 nm and 3.2 nm as well as 8.1 nm and 5.9 nm respectively. Similar decreasing trend was also observed upon addition of curing agent. In all cases, metal nanoparticles exhibit self-assembly with inter-particle spacing of <10 nm. The absence of any curing peak in the DSC thermograms suggests that the composites are well cured before any of the DSC analyses were performed. The Tg of the metal-cured epoxy is higher than neat epoxy, that is 71.3 °C, 69.8 °C and 62.0 °C for Cu, Au and Ag respectively

Assessment of natural cellulosic powder from pepper pericarp waste (Piper nigrum L.) after alkalization and bleaching treatment : effect of alkali concentration and treatment cycle

Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) pericarp is an agriculture waste in the production of white pepper. It is underutilised agro-industrial waste which could be a promising natural source of cellulose. Hence, finding an optimum way to remove the non cellulose components without degrading the cellulose structure is essential. In this work, the effects of alkaline concentration (4, 5, and 6% NaOH) and number of soaking cycle (3 & 4 cycles) on the characteristics of cellulose from pepper pericarp were investigated. The obtained cellulose powder was characterized for its yield, α-cellulose content, particle size, zeta potential, morphology, whiteness index, crystallinity degree and thermal stability. The white powder cellulose after 4th cycle treatment with 4% NaOH appeared to have the highest yield (23.63%), α-cellulose (65.97%), crystallinity structure (51%) and better thermal stability at 334 °C. FTIR spectrum at band around 1732 cm-1 indicates a partial removal of non-cellulosic material at all alkalization condition due to the presence of remaining lignin and hemicellulose. These may contribute to formation of negative surface charge on all cellulose samples which may potentially enhance the functionality of the material as emulsifier. Based on two-way ANOVA test, concentration and cycle of alkaline treatment significantly (p<0.05) influenced the yield, particle size and zeta potential, meanwhile α-cellulose significantly influence by NaOH concentration only (p<0.05). The findings showed that manipulating the synthesis condition of cellulose powder influenced its properties which could be further used in various applications

Kesan penambahan Gam Bendi (Abelmoschus esculentus) pada emulsi minyak dalam air

Kajian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan kesan penambahan gam bendi (Abelmoschus esculentus) ke atas emulsi minyak dalam air. Gam bendi diperolehi melalui pengekstrakan akueus dan dikering bekukan sebelum dilarutkan semula mengikut kepekatan yang dikehendaki. Minyak kelapa sawit (20%) digunakan bagi membentuk emulsi minyak dalam air dengan penambahan isolat protein wei (1%) sebagai pengemulsi. Sebanyak 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 dan 3.0% ditambah ke dalam formulasi emulsi yang dihasilkan. Analisis fizikokimia yang digunakan sebagai respons ialah ujian kelikatan, kadar pengkriman dan kadar penyingkiran protein permukaan. Emulsi kawalan yang distabilkan menggunakan protein wei (kawalan) adalah stabil sehingga hari ke-5 tanpa pengkriman secara signifikan (p>0.05). Walau bagaimanapun, pengkriman berlaku pada hari ke 7 dan bertambah secara signifikan (p<0.05) pada hari ke 10. Penambahan gam bendi pada kepekatan tinggi iaitu 2.0 dan 3.0% didapati membantu mengekalkan kestabilan emulsi minyak dalam air. Sampel kawalan mempunyai kelikatan yang paling rendah. Penambahan gam bendi dilihat menyebabkan kelikatan emulsi minyak dalam air yang dihasilkan juga bertambah mengikut kepekatan gam bendi yang digunakan. Terdapat peningkatan penyahjerapan protein daripada permukaan antara minyak dan air yang diakibatkan oleh penambahan gam bendi. Fenomena ini kelihatan lebih cenderung berlaku pada kepekatan gam bendi yang lebih rendah (0.5 dan 1.0%). Oleh yang demikian, gam bendi berpotensi digunakan di dalam produk berasaskan emulsi untuk meningkatkan kelikatan dan kestabilan terhadap pengkriman

Kesan kepekatan fukoidan dan tempoh penapaian terhadap pencirian fizikokimia kombucha diperkuat dengan fukoidan

Kombucha adalah sejenis minuman yang terhasil daripada penapaian teh manis dengan menggunakan kultur simbiotik bakteria dan yis. Fukoidan merupakan sejenis polisakarida fungsian daripada rumpai laut yang dipercayai mempunyai kesan kesihatan yang baik. Penyelidikan ini telah dijalankan bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesan kepekatan fukoidan (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 dan 1.00 mg/mL) dan hari penapaian yang berbeza terhadap sifat fizikokimia (pH, jumlah pepejal terlarut (TSS), warna, kandungan fenol jumlah (TPC), kandungan flavonoid jumlah (TFC), kandungan gula, kandungan alkohol dan keasidan boleh titrat (TA)) serta kualiti kimia kombucha yang diperkaya dengan fukoidan. Nilai pH sampel kombucha menurun dengan ketara (p<0.05) apabila tempoh penapaian berpanjangan. Penambahan fukoidan mempengaruhi warna L *, a *, dan b * tanpa corak tertentu. Tempoh penapaian yang lebih lama meningkatkan kecerahan, namun mengurangkan kemerahan dan kekuningan semua sampel kombucha. Sementara itu, kandungan TSS dan gula sampel kombucha berkadar songsang dengan tempoh penapaian, kecuali bagi kombucha (0.75 mg/ mL) yang dicatatkan lebih tinggi (p <0.05) nilai TSS daripada kombucha (0.25 mg/mL fukoidan) pada hari ke 14. Bagaimanapun, tiada kesan signifikan (p>0.05) penambahan kombucha yang diperkuat dengan fukoidan terhadap gula. Secara keseluruhan, jumlah kandungan fenol dan flavonoid meningkat (p<0.05) dengan penambahan fukoidan dan tempoh penapaian, manakala peratusan TA dan kandungan etanol kombucha meningkat dengan tempoh penapaian berpanjangan. Kesimpulannya, sampel kombucha mengalami perubahan fizikokimia dan peningkatan jumlah kandungan fenol dan flavonoid selari dengan tempoh penapaian. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa fukoidan berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan berfungsi dalam minuman kombucha